Mytilus protamine-like sperm-specific protein genes are multicopy, dispersed, and closely associated with hypervariable RFLP regions

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D Heath ◽  
Thomas J Hilbish
Keyword(s):  
Southern Blot ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Southern Analysis ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Southern Blots ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Marine Mussels

Protamine-like sperm packaging proteins replace somatic histones during spermatogenesis, and although the proteins have been well-characterized in many marine invertebrate species, little is known of the arrangement of the genes. The research described here was designed to determine the sequence and structure of the protamine-like PL-III (or "1") gene in marine mussels (Mytilus spp). The PL-III sequence was found to be extremely variable not only among the closely related Mytilus species, but also within species and populations. The variation observed among eight PL-III sequences from a single individual indicated that PL-III was probably multiple-copied. Southern analysis confirmed that PL-III, and another protamine-like gene, (PL-II), were multicopy and dispersed, as well as associated with a hypervariable element. Some PL-III genes are also arranged in nontandem clusters, and the spacer regions are probably the source of the hypervariable nature of the Southern blots. The arrangement of the protamine-like genes in Mytilus appears to be closer to that reported for histones than protamines; however, their association with a hypervariable element is novel.Key words: mussels, histones, protamine, gene sequence, Southern blot.

scholarly journals EXCESS POTASSIUM INDUCES LARVAL METAMORPHOSIS IN FOUR MARINE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES

1986 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA J. YOOL ◽  
SUSAN M. GRAU ◽  
MICHAEL G. HADFIELD ◽  
REBECCA A. JENSEN ◽  
DOUGLAS A. MARKELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Metamorphosis ◽  
Invertebrate Species

scholarly journals Toxicity responses for marine invertebrate species of brazilian occurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Artal M.C. ◽  
Santos A. ◽  
Dornelas L.L. ◽  
Vannuci-Silva M. ◽  
Vacchi F.I. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Species

scholarly journals Viromes in Marine Ecosystems Reveal Remarkable Invertebrate RNA Virus Diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yi Zhang ◽  
Yicong Chen ◽  
Xiaoman Wei ◽  
Jie Cui
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Special Notice

AbstractOcean viromes remain poorly understood and little is known about the ecological factors driving aquatic RNA virus evolution. In this study, we used a meta-transcriptomic approach to characterize the viromes of 58 marine invertebrate species across three seas. This revealed the presence of 315 newly identified RNA viruses in nine viral families or orders (Durnavirales, Totiviridae, Bunyavirales, Hantaviridae, Picornavirales, Flaviviridae, Hepelivirales, Solemoviridae and Tombusviridae), with most of them are sufficiently divergent to the documented viruses. With special notice that we first time revealed an ocean virus rooting to mammalian hantaviruses. We also found evidence for possible host sharing and switch events during virus evolution. In sum, we demonstrated the hidden diversity of marine invertebrate RNA viruses.

scholarly journals Effects of a bacteria-produced algicide on non-target marine invertebrate species

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Simons ◽  
Kathryn J. Coyne ◽  
Mark E. Warner ◽  
Margaret M. Dolan ◽  
Jonathan H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Respiration Rates

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) affect both freshwater and marine systems. Laboratory experiments suggest an exudate produced by the bacterium Shewanella sp. IRI-160 could be used to prevent or mitigate dinoflagellate blooms; however, effects on non-target organisms are unknown. The algicide (IRI-160AA) was tested on various ontogenetic stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa (nauplii and adult copepodites), the blue crab Callinectes sapidus (zoea larvae and megalopa postlarvae), and the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (pediveliger larvae and adults). Mortality experiments with A. tonsa revealed that the 24-h LC50 was 13.4% v/v algicide for adult females and 5.96% for early-stage nauplii. For C. sapidus, the 24-h LC50 for first-stage zoeae was 16.8%; results were not significant for megalopae or oysters. Respiration rates for copepod nauplii increased in the 11% concentration, and in the 11% and 17% concentrations for crab zoeae; rates of later stages and oysters were unaffected. Activity level was affected for crab zoeae in the 1%, 11%, and 17% treatments, and for oyster pediveliger larvae at the 17% level. Activity of later stages and of adult copepods was unaffected. Smaller, non-target biota with higher surface to volume could be negatively impacted from IRI-160AA dosing, but overall the taxa and stages assayed were tolerant to the algicide at concentrations required for dinoflagellate mortality (EC50 =  ~ 1%).

scholarly journals Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Hoegh-Guldberg ◽  
D Manahan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Metabolic Rates

Determining the metabolic rate of larval invertebrates from aquatic habitats is complicated by the problems of small size and the scarcity of suitable measurement techniques. In this study, coulometric respirometry (a new technique for the study of marine embryos and larvae) was used to explore several issues associated with the rate of energy use during embryonic and larval development of marine invertebrates from three phyla. Coulometric respirometry measures rates of oxygen consumption under normoxic conditions by electrochemically replacing the oxygen consumed by organisms during an experiment. This technique is based on the assumption that all electrons consumed by the anodic reactions result in the production of oxygen. We verify this assumption using direct measurements of oxygen production and show that the technique is sensitive enough (1 nmol O2 h-1) to quantify the oxygen consumption of a single individual swimming freely in a relatively large volume (2 ml). Continuous measurements can span days, and embryos in the coulometric respiration chambers develop to the larval stage at normal rates of differentiation. Measurements of metabolic rates were made with the coulometric respirometer during the complete life-span of larvae of three species (asteroid, Asterina miniata; bivalve, Crassostrea gigas; echinoid, Dendraster excentricus). For these species, metabolic power equations had mass exponents near unity (0.9­1.1), showing that metabolic rate scales isometrically with mass during larval growth. Metabolic rates were independent of the concentration of larvae used in the respirometer chambers for a range of larval concentrations from 4 to 400 larvae ml-1 (coulometric respirometer) and from 241 to 809 larvae ml-1 (polarographic oxygen sensor). Metabolic rates were measured using coulometric respirometry and two other commonly used techniques, polarographic oxygen sensors and Winkler's titration. Polarographic oxygen sensors in small, sealed chambers (100 µl) consistently gave the lowest values (by as much as 80 %) for the asteroid, echinoid and molluscan larvae. By comparison, rates of oxygen consumption measured using coulometric respirometry and Winkler's titration (to measure the change in oxygen concentration over time) were similar and consistently higher. Although the polarographic oxygen sensor is the most widely used method for measuring the metabolism of small animals in sealed 100­1000 µl chambers, it appears that the metabolism of some larvae is adversely affected by the conditions within these respirometers.

scholarly journals Natural history collections recapitulate 200 years of faunal change

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Ewers-Saucedo ◽  
Andreas Allspach ◽  
Christina Barilaro ◽  
Andreas Bick ◽  
Angelika Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Faunal Change ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Biodiversity Changes

Changing species assemblages represent major challenges to ecosystems around the world. Retracing these changes is limited by our knowledge of past biodiversity. Natural history collections represent archives of biodiversity and are therefore an unparalleled source to study biodiversity changes. In the present study, we tested the value of natural history collections for reconstructing changes in the abundance and presence of species over time. In total, we scrutinized 17 080 quality-checked records for 242 epibenthic invertebrate species from the North and Baltic Seas collected throughout the last 200 years. Our approaches identified eight previously reported species introductions, 10 range expansions, six of which are new to science, as well as the long-term decline of 51 marine invertebrate species. The cross-validation of our results with published accounts of endangered species and neozoa of the area confirmed the results for two of the approaches for 49 to 55% of the identified species, and contradicted our results for 9 to 10%. The results based on relative record trends were less validated. We conclude that, with the proper approaches, natural history collections are an unmatched resource for recovering early species introductions and declines.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution in marine invertebrates in rocky shore of Araucania Region (38° S, Chile)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
P. De los Ríos ◽  
E. Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Invertebrate Species

Abstract The rocky shores in Chile have a wide invertebrate species diversity, that include species with marked abundances in determined regions. The aim of the present study is to analyse the spatial distribution pattern in different marine invertebrate species in rocky shore of Araucania region, considering if these species have random, uniform or associated patterns, and extrapolate if these patterns have Poisson, binomial or negative binomial distribution respectively. The results revealed the presence mainly of gastropods molluscs that would graze on benthic algae, these species have mainly aggregated pattern that has a robust negative binomial distribution pattern. The obtained results agree with observations for marine benthic fauna that mentioned the presence of aggregated pattern, has negative binomial distribution. Other ecological topics about spatial distribution were discussed.

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