A species-specific satellite DNA from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indicus

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Abadon ◽  
Eric Grenier ◽  
Christian Laumond ◽  
Pierre Abad
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Species Specific

An AluI satellite DNA family has been cloned from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indicus. This repeated sequence appears to be an unusually abundant satellite DNA, since it constitutes about 45% of the H. indicus genome. The consensus sequence is 174 nucleotides long and has an A + T content of 56%, with the presence of direct and inverted repeat clusters. DNA sequence data reveal that monomers are quite homogeneous. Such homogeneity suggests that some mechanism is acting to maintain the homogeneity of this satellite DNA, despite its abundance, or that this repeated sequence could have appeared recently in the genome of H. indicus. Hybridization analysis of genomic DNAs from different Heterorhabditis species shows that this satellite DNA sequence is specific to the H. indicus genome. Considering the species specificity and the high copy number of this AluI satellite DNA sequence, it could provide a rapid and powerful tool for identifying H. indicus strains.Key words: AluI repeated DNA, tandem repeats, species-specific sequence, nucleotide sequence analysis.

scholarly journals Sequence, Chromatin and Evolution of Satellite DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Jitendra Thakur ◽  
Jenika Packiaraj ◽  
Steven Henikoff
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Dna Curvature ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Species Specific

Satellite DNA consists of abundant tandem repeats that play important roles in cellular processes, including chromosome segregation, genome organization and chromosome end protection. Most satellite DNA repeat units are either of nucleosomal length or 5–10 bp long and occupy centromeric, pericentromeric or telomeric regions. Due to high repetitiveness, satellite DNA sequences have largely been absent from genome assemblies. Although few conserved satellite-specific sequence motifs have been identified, DNA curvature, dyad symmetries and inverted repeats are features of various satellite DNAs in several organisms. Satellite DNA sequences are either embedded in highly compact gene-poor heterochromatin or specialized chromatin that is distinct from euchromatin. Nevertheless, some satellite DNAs are transcribed into non-coding RNAs that may play important roles in satellite DNA function. Intriguingly, satellite DNAs are among the most rapidly evolving genomic elements, such that a large fraction is species-specific in most organisms. Here we describe the different classes of satellite DNA sequences, their satellite-specific chromatin features, and how these features may contribute to satellite DNA biology and evolution. We also discuss how the evolution of functional satellite DNA classes may contribute to speciation in plants and animals.

scholarly journals Characterization of an unusually conserved AluI highly reiterated DNA sequence family from the honeybee, Apis mellifera.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1204
Author(s):  
S Tarès ◽  
J M Cornuet ◽  
P Abad
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Consensus Sequences ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Repeat Class ◽  
Honeybee Subspecies

Abstract An AluI family of highly reiterated nontranscribed sequences has been found in the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera. This repeated sequence is shown to be present at approximately 23,000 copies per haploid genome constituting about 2% of the total genomic DNA. The nucleotide sequence of 10 monomers was determined. The consensus sequences is 176 nucleotides long and has an A + T content of 58%. There are clusters of both direct and inverted repeats. Internal subrepeating units ranging from 11 to 17 nucleotides are observed, suggesting that it could have evolved from a shorter sequence. DNA sequence data reveal that this repeat class is unusually homogeneous compared to the other class of invertebrate highly reiterated DNA sequences. The average pairwise sequence divergence between the repeats is 2.5%. In spite of this unusual homogeneity, divergence has been found in the repeated sequence hybridization ladder between four different honeybee subspecies. Therefore, the AluI highly reiterated sequences provide a new probe for fingerprinting in A. m. mellifera.

scholarly journals Iterons Homologous to Helper Geminiviruses Are Essential for Efficient Replication of Betasatellites

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongbiao Xu ◽  
Yajuan Qian ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
Zhenghe Li ◽  
Xueping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Iterative Sequence ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Sequence Motif ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
Tobacco Curly Shoot Virus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Origin Recognition

ABSTRACTBetasatellites associated with geminiviruses can be replicated promiscuously by distinct geminiviruses but exhibit a preference for cognate helper viruses. However, theciselements responsible for betasatellite origin recognition have not been characterized. In this study, we identified an iteron-like repeated sequence motif, 5′-GAGGACC-3′, in a tobacco curly shoot betasatellite (TbCSB) associated with tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV). Competitive DNA binding assays revealed that two core repeats (5′-GGACC-3′) are required for specific binding to TbCSV Rep; TbCSB iteron mutants accumulated to greatly reduced levels and lost the cognate helper-mediated replication preference. Interestingly, TbCSV also contains identical repeated sequences that are essential for specific Rep binding andin vivoreplication. In order to gain insight into the mechanism by which TbCSB has acquired the cognate iterons, we performed a SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) assay to identify the high-affinity Rep binding ligands from a large pool of randomized sequences. Analysis of SELEX winners showed that all of the sequences contained at least one core iteron-like motif, suggesting that TbCSB has evolved to contain cognate iterons for high-affinity Rep binding. Further analyses of various betasatellite sequences revealed a region upstream of the satellite conserved region replete with iterative sequence motifs, including species-specific repeats and a general repeat (5′-GGTAAAT-3′). Remarkably, the species-specific repeats in many betasatellites are homologous to those in their respective cognate helper begomoviruses, whereas the general repeat is widespread in most of the betasatellite molecules analyzed. These data, taken together, suggest that many betasatellites have evolved to acquire homologous iteron-like sequences for efficient replication mediated by cognate helper viruses.IMPORTANCEThe geminivirus-encoded replication initiator protein (Rep) binds to repeated sequence elements (also known as iterons) in the origin of replication that serve as essentialciselements for specific viral replication. Betasatellites associated with begomoviruses can be replicated by cognate or noncognate helper viruses, but theciselements responsible for betasatellite origin recognition have not been characterized. Using a betasatellite (TbCSB) associated with tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) as a model, we identify two tandem repeats (iterons) in the Rep-binding motif (RBM) that are required for specific Rep binding and efficient replication, and we show that identical iteron sequences present in TbCSV are also necessary for Rep binding and the replication of helper viruses. Extensive analysis of begomovirus/betasatellite sequences shows that many betasatellites contain iteron-like elements homologous to those of their respective cognate helper begomoviruses. Our data suggest that many betasatellites have evolved to acquire homologous iteron-like sequences for efficient replication mediated by cognate helper viruses.

A species-specific satellite DNA from the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indicus

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Monique Abadon ◽  
Eric Grenier ◽  
Christian Laumond ◽  
Pierre Abad
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of a B Chromosome in Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Clark ◽  
Matthew Conte ◽  
Thomas Kocher
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Sequence Coverage ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
B Chromosome Evolution

B chromosomes (Bs) were discovered a century ago, and since then most studies have focused on describing their distribution and abundance using traditional cytogenetics. Only recently have attempts been made to understand their structure and evolution at the level of DNA sequence. Many questions regarding the origin, structure, function and evolution of B chromosomes remain unanswered. Here we identify B chromosome sequences from several species of cichlid fish from Lake Malawi by examining the ratios of DNA sequence coverage in individuals with and without B chromosomes. We examine the efficiency of this method, and compare results using both Illumina and PacBio sequence data. The B chromosome sequences detected in 13 individuals from 7 species were compared to assess the rates of sequence replacement. B-specific sequence common to at least 12 of the 13 datasets are identified as the “Core” B chromosome. The location of B sequence homologs throughout the genome provides further support for theories of B chromosome evolution. Finally, we identified candidate genes located on the B chromosome which may regulate the segregation and maintenance of the B chromosome.

Comparative analysis of 1.688 satellite DNA on D. melanogaster species subgroup provides new insights of its pervasive presence throughout both chromatin domains and reveals a recent horizontal transfer event.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gomes De Lima ◽  
Gustavo C. S. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Chromosome X ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
Species Specific

The 1.688 satellite DNA is present in the genome of Drosophila species from the melanogaster subgroup and has never been detected in species outside this subgroup. We investigated the presence and evolution of the 1.688 satDNA in all Drosophila genomes sequenced so far. Blast searches showed that 1.688 repeats are virtually confined to species from the melanogaster subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis of ~6,500 repeats extracted from D. melanogaster , D. simulans , D. sechellia , D. yakuba and D. erecta revealed the presence of 1.688 family on heterochromatin and euchromatin of all five species. Heterochromatic copies revealed a concerted mode of evolution and a species-specific pattern. Oppositely, euchromatic copies lack species-specific or array-specific pattern. Euchromatic arrays also showed a high number of insertions on 5Kb upstream/downstream of genes and in intronic regions. Unexpectedly, we found an array with at least three full 1.688 tandem repeats in the genome of D. willistoni . These repeats were highly similar to the ones present in the chromosome X of D. melanogaster , although both species have diverged from each other more than 35Mya, suggesting that 1.688 repeats from the X chromosome of D. melanogaster moved to D. willistoni by a recent horizontal transfer event.

Molecular markers for Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids associated with Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Erlandson ◽  
L. Braun ◽  
D. Baldwin ◽  
J. Soroka ◽  
M. Ashfaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMolecular markers for identifying Peristenus spp. parasitoids to species level and preliminary molecular markers to distinguish two groups of Lygus spp. common to the Canadian prairies were developed. Peristenus species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were developed based on DNA sequence data from a 1600-bp region of the internal transcribed spacer region between the 5.8S and 18S nuclear rRNA genes (ITS2). These primers were able to distinguish Peristenus digoneutis Loan, Peristenus stygicus Loan, and Peristenus pallipes (Curtis). Their ability to identify to species-level parasites dissected from field-collected Lygus spp. nymphs was examined by analysis of DNA from 100 parasite samples. Of those samples showing positive PCR amplification with both control (ITS2) and species-specific primers, all were positive for P. pallipes; none of the samples amplified appropriately sized products with P. digoneutis specific or P. stygicus specific primers. These findings were validated using restriction enzyme digests of amplified regions of the Peristenus spp. cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. Both methods were consistent with earlier studies that showed P. pallipes to be the only species of the genus Peristenus to be associated with Lygus spp. on the Canadian prairies. PCR primers based on DNA sequence data from a 550-bp region of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were designed to discriminate Lyguslineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) from Lygus borealis (Kelton), and Lygus elisus (Van Duzee). These PCR primers were used to identify field-collected nymphs, with most being identified as either L. borealis/L. elisus (72–82%) orL. lineolaris (14–18%). These estimates of species composition closely reflected those of subsequent adult population surveys from the same fields.

scholarly journals Differentially Amplified Repetitive Sequences Among Aegilops tauschii Subspecies and Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽  
Fatemeh Orooji ◽  
Pengtao Ma ◽  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Illumina Sequence ◽  
Species Specific

Genomic repetitive sequences commonly show species-specific sequence type, abundance, and distribution patterns, however, their intraspecific characteristics have been poorly described. We quantified the genomic repetitive sequences and performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis between 29 Ae. tauschii genotypes and subspecies using publicly available raw genomic Illumina sequence reads and used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to experimentally analyze some repeats. The majority of the identified repetitive sequences had similar contents and proportions between anathera, meyeri, and strangulata subspecies. However, two Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons (CL62 and CL87) showed significantly higher abundances, and CL1, CL119, CL213, CL217 tandem repeats, and CL142 retrotransposon (Ty1/copia type) showed significantly lower abundances in subspecies strangulata compared with the subspecies anathera and meyeri. One tandem repeat and 45S ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) abundances showed a high variation between genotypes but their abundances were not subspecies specific. Phylogenetic analysis using the repeat abundances of the aforementioned clusters placed the strangulata subsp. in a distinct clade but could not discriminate anathera and meyeri. A near complete differentiation of anathera and strangulata subspecies was observed using SNP analysis; however, var. meyeri showed higher genetic diversity. FISH using major tandem repeats couldn’t detect differences between subspecies, although (GAA)10 signal patterns generated two different karyotype groups. Taken together, the different classes of repetitive DNA sequences have differentially accumulated between strangulata and the other two subspecies of Ae. tauschii that is generally in agreement with spike morphology, implying that factors affecting repeatome evolution are variable even among highly closely related lineages.

Self-amplification of satellite DNA in vitro

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Buntjer ◽  
J A Lenstra
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Rapid Amplification ◽  
Species Specific

We describe a PCR-like reaction in which genomic DNA acts as a template as well as a primer. Interaction between genomic tandem repeat units leads to self-amplification of satellite DNA. This genomic self-priming PCR (GSP-PCR) allowed the rapid amplification of species-specific tandem repeats of horse, cattle, dolphin, and chicken. A novel specific satellite of ostrich with a repeat unit of 60 bp was isolated using this method.Key words: satellite DNA, amplification, isolation, species-specific probes.

scholarly journals Molecular population genetics of mtDNA size variation in crickets.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Rand ◽  
R G Harrison
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Size Classes

Abstract Nucleotide sequence analysis of a region of cricket (Gryllus firmus) mtDNA showing discrete length variation revealed tandemly repeated sequences 220 base pairs (bp) in length. The repeats consist of 206 bp sequences bounded by the dyad symmetric sequence 5'GGGGGCATGCCCCC3'. The sequence data showed that mtDNA size variation in this species is due to variation in the number of copies of tandem repeats. Southern blot analysis was used to document the frequency of crickets heteroplasmic for two or more different-sized mtDNAs. In New England populations of G. firmus and a close relative Gryllus pennsylvanicus approximately 60% of the former and 45% of the latter were heteroplasmic. From densitometry of autoradiographs the frequencies of mtDNA size classes were determined for the population samples and are shown to very different in the two species. However, in populations where hybridization between the two species has occurred, the frequencies of size classes and cytoplasmic genotypes in each species' distinct mtDNA lineage were shifted in a manner suggesting nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. The data were applied to reported diversity indices and hierarchical statistics. The hierarchical statistics indicated that the greatest proportion of variation for mtDNA size was due to variation among individuals in their cytoplasmic genotypes (heteroplasmic or homoplasmic state). The diversity indices were used to estimate a per-generation mutation rate for size variants of 10(-4). The data are discussed in light of the relationship between genetic drift and mutation in maintaining variation for mtDNA size.

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