Cloning maize telomeres by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gardiner ◽  
S. Chao ◽  
E. H. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Linear Plasmid ◽  
Linear Chromosome ◽  
Telomere Repeat ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Key Words Maize ◽  
Primary Transformants

Maize telomeric restriction fragments were cloned by virtue of their ability to function as telomeres on a linear plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nine maize telomeric YAC transformants (MTYs) were selected by hybridization to the Arabidopsis telomere repeat (CCCTAAA) from a pool of 1537 primary transformants. Bal31 digestion of MTY3 and MTY9 DNA indicated that the telomere hybridizing tracts are located at the terminus of the linear chromosome and therefore function as telomeres in yeast. Subclones generated for pMTY7 (pMTY7SC1) and pMTY9 (pMTY9ER) hybridized to Bal31 sensitive restriction fragments in maize DNA, indicating that maize telomeric restriction fragments had been cloned. Both pMTY7SC and pMTY9ER detected telomeric RFLPs, allowing the endpoints of seven chromosome arms to be determined. Additionally, pMTY7ER mapped to the centromeric regions of chromosomes 2 and 3, suggesting a relationship between centromeric and telomeric sequences. DNA sequencing of pMTY7SC and pMTY9ER revealed that both subclones contained CA-rich regions with sporadic occurrences of the telomere repeat and its degenerate repeats. Key words : maize, telomere, RFLP, telomeric.

A biometric study of higher alcohol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Giudici ◽  
Patrizia Romano ◽  
Carlo Zambonelli
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
Methionine Biosynthesis ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Strain Characteristic ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Flocculation Ability ◽  
Individual Strain

A hundred strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined for the ability to produce higher alcohols. In the strains tested the production of higher alcohols was found to be an individual strain characteristic and, as such, was statistically significant. The characteristics of the strains used (flocculation ability, foaming ability, killer character, and non-H2S production) were found to be uncorrelated to isobutanol and isoamyl alcohol production, whereas the production of high levels of n-propanol was found to be related to inability to produce H2S. This, in turn, suggests a link to methionine biosynthesis. Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, higher alcohols, biometry, H2S production.

scholarly journals Subtelomeric Repeat Amplification Is Associated With Growth at Elevated Temperature in yku70 Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051
Author(s):  
Barbara Fellerhoff ◽  
Friederike Eckardt-Schupp ◽  
Anna A Friedl
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Repair Defect

Abstract Inactivation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene YKU70 (HDF1), which encodes one subunit of the Ku heterodimer, confers a DNA double-strand break repair defect, shortening of and structural alterations in the telomeres, and a severe growth defect at 37°. To elucidate the basis of the temperature sensitivity, we analyzed subclones derived from rare yku70 mutant cells that formed a colony when plated at elevated temperature. In all these temperature-resistant subclones, but not in cell populations shifted to 37°, we observed substantial amplification and redistribution of subtelomeric Y′ element DNA. Amplification of Y′ elements and adjacent telomeric sequences has been described as an alternative pathway for chromosome end stabilization that is used by postsenescence survivors of mutants deficient for the telomerase pathway. Our data suggest that the combination of Ku deficiency and elevated temperature induces a potentially lethal alteration of telomere structure or function. Both in yku70 mutants and in wild type, incubation at 37° results in a slight reduction of the mean length of terminal restriction fragments, but not in a significant loss of telomeric (C1-3A/TG1-3)n sequences. We propose that the absence of Ku, which is known to bind to telomeres, affects the telomeric chromatin so that its chromosome end-defining function is lost at 37°.

DNA sequence analysis of spontaneous mutations in the SUP4-o gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 978-981
Author(s):  
C N Giroux ◽  
J R Mis ◽  
M K Pierce ◽  
S E Kohalmi ◽  
B A Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Dna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spontaneous Mutagenesis

A collection of 196 spontaneous mutations in the SUP4-o gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed by DNA sequencing. The classes of mutation identified included all possible types of base-pair substitution, deletions of various lengths, complex alterations involving multiple changes, and insertions of transposable elements. Our findings demonstrate that at least several different mechanisms are responsible for spontaneous mutagenesis in S. cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Application of micronutrients and insurance herbicides in corn growing technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
O.Y. Lokot ◽  
E.P. Tymoshenko ◽  
M.M. Selendy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Key Words Maize

Studies have found that growing maize for grain on light low-humus soils of the left-Bank Polesie of Ukraine wih the use of microelements on the increased background of mineral nutrition provided the best indicators of economic efficiency. It is recommended to sow early- maturing (80 %) and mid-maturing- (20 %) hybrids with FAO 150-250 on the background of mineral fertilizers N120P60K60, applying herbicide MaizeTer power in the 3-5-leaf phase of a crop and fulfil out-off-root spraying crops with complex preparations “Rosaliq Aquatic” or ” Germ corn “. Key words: maize, insured herbicides, micro-fertilizers, early-maturing, mid-maturing, hybrids.

DNA Sequence Analysis of Spontaneous Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1491-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard A Kunz ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramachandran ◽  
Edward J Vonarx
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Dna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Spontaneous Mutagenesis

AbstractTo help elucidate the mechanisms involved in spontaneous mutagenesis, DNA sequencing has been applied to characterize the types of mutation whose rates are increased or decreased in mutator or antimutator strains, respectively. Increased spontaneous mutation rates point to malfunctions in genes that normally act to reduce spontaneous mutation, whereas decreased rates are associated with defects in genes whose products are necessary for spontaneous mutagenesis. In this article, we survey and discuss the mutational specificities conferred by mutator and antimutator genes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The implications of selected aspects of the data are considered with respect to the mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis.

Characterization of two telomeric DNA processing reactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4642-4650
Author(s):  
A W Murray ◽  
T E Claus ◽  
J W Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Telomere Elongation

We have investigated two reactions that occur on telomeric sequences introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by transformation. The elongation reaction added repeats of the yeast telomeric sequence C1-3A to telomeric sequences at the end of linear DNA molecules. The reaction worked on the Tetrahymena telomeric sequence C4A2 and also on the simple repeat CA. The reaction was orientation specific: it occurred only when the GT-rich strand ran 5' to 3' towards the end of the molecule. Telomere elongation occurred by non-template-directed DNA synthesis rather than any type of recombination with chromosomal telomeres, because C1-3A repeats could be added to unrelated DNA sequences between the CA-rich repeats and the terminus of the transforming DNA. The elongation reaction was very efficient, and we believe that it was responsible for maintaining an average telomere length despite incomplete replication by template-directed DNA polymerase. The resolution reaction processed a head-to-head inverted repeat of telomeric sequences into two new telomeres at a frequency of 10(-2) per cell division.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Maize in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dawlatana ◽  
S Shahida ◽  
Matiur Rahim ◽  
M Tariqul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Key Words Maize

Maize was collected from different markets of Bangladesh for the determination of ochratoxin A. Simultaneously controlled maize samples were analyzed to assess the ochratoxin A level of market samples and that of controlled samples. A total of 120 samples were analyzed to determine ochratoxin A including 70 market samples and 50 controlled samples. Market samples were found containing a high contamination level of ochratoxin A ranged from 1 to 117 μg/kg and incidence rate was 40% whereas in the controlled samples the contamination rate was found very low ranged from 3 to 9 μg/kg and the incidence rate was found 10% only. Key words: Maize, Ochratoxin A, Occurrence, Bangladesh, HPTLC   doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2239 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 495-500, 2008

scholarly journals Two Chimeric Chromosomes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Generated by Single Crossover of the Wild-Type Chromosome and Linear Plasmid SCP1

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (19) ◽  
pp. 6553-6559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Yamasaki ◽  
Haruyasu Kinashi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Linear Plasmid ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Linear Chromosome ◽  
Terminal Inverted Repeats ◽  
Type Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Duplication

ABSTRACT Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) strain 2106 carries a 1.85-Mb linear plasmid, SCP1′-cysD, in addition to a 7.2-Mb linear chromosome. Macrorestriction analysis indicated that both linear DNAs are hybrids of the wild-type chromosome and the linear plasmid SCP1 on each side. Nucleotide sequencing of the fusion junctions revealed no homology between the recombination regions. SCP1′-cysD contains an SCP1 telomere and a chromosomal telomere at each end and therefore does not have terminal inverted repeats. In addition, SCP1′-cysD could not be eliminated from strain 2106 by various mutagenic treatments. Thus, we concluded that both the 7.2-Mb chromosome and SCP1′-cysD are chimeric chromosomes generated by a single crossover of the wild-type chromosome and SCP1. This may be regarded as a model of chromosomal duplication in genome evolution.

scholarly journals Characterization of two telomeric DNA processing reactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4642-4650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A W Murray ◽  
T E Claus ◽  
J W Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Telomeric Sequence ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Telomere Elongation

We have investigated two reactions that occur on telomeric sequences introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells by transformation. The elongation reaction added repeats of the yeast telomeric sequence C1-3A to telomeric sequences at the end of linear DNA molecules. The reaction worked on the Tetrahymena telomeric sequence C4A2 and also on the simple repeat CA. The reaction was orientation specific: it occurred only when the GT-rich strand ran 5' to 3' towards the end of the molecule. Telomere elongation occurred by non-template-directed DNA synthesis rather than any type of recombination with chromosomal telomeres, because C1-3A repeats could be added to unrelated DNA sequences between the CA-rich repeats and the terminus of the transforming DNA. The elongation reaction was very efficient, and we believe that it was responsible for maintaining an average telomere length despite incomplete replication by template-directed DNA polymerase. The resolution reaction processed a head-to-head inverted repeat of telomeric sequences into two new telomeres at a frequency of 10(-2) per cell division.

The yeast ILV2 gene is under general amino acid control

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Xiao ◽  
G. H. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amino Acid Starvation ◽  
Sulfometuron Methyl ◽  
General Amino Acid Control ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The yeast ILV2 gene encodes acetolactate synthase, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. Its multiple regulation has precluded the clear demonstration of whether ILV2 is under general amino acid control. Nonderepressible gcn4 strains were used as recipients for transformation with a YCp plasmid carrying GCN4. Parental gcn4 cells and their isogenic GCN4 transformants were evaluated for ALS derepression following induced amino acid starvation. GCN4 cells showed 1.5-to 1.7-fold derepression but no derepression was observed in isogenic control gcn4 strains. A similar depression of ILV2 mRNA was also observed. Genetic evidence for general amino acid control was the gcn4 suppression of high level resistance to sulfometuron methyl by the SMR1-410 allele of ILV2.Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ILV2 gene, general amino acid control, multiple regulators.

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