Isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase in perennial and annual rye and their hybrids

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519
Author(s):  
E. E. Khavkin ◽  
M. V. Zabrodina ◽  
D. Ya. Silis
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Specific Allele ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Duplicate Loci ◽  
Secale Montanum ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Fungal Diseases

Aspartate aminotransferase patterns were screened in a collection of rye genotypes that included 24 accessions of wild perennial rye (Secale montanum Guss.), 6 accessions of cultivated perennial Derzhavin and Tsitsin rye (Secale cereale × S. montanum), 15 accessions of winter and spring rye cultivars (S. cereale L.), and 9 accessions of perennial and annual rye genotypes bred from S. montanum ssp. kuprijanovii, Derzhavin rye, and winter rye for their resistance to fungal diseases. Aspartate aminotransferase is coded for by four loci. The data fit the model where AAT 1/4 is coded by Aat 1 and Aat 4, two duplicate loci, with null and two active alleles for each locus, alleles 1 and 3 for locus Aat 1 and alleles 2 and 4 for locus Aat 4; dimeric AAT 1/4 enzyme molecules are the products of both intralocus and interloci complementation. Allele 1 of Aat 1 was the most prominent in the isoenzyme patterns of the rye species. Alleles null and 2 of Aat 4 were twice as frequent in the perennial rye accessions, including Derzhavin and Tsitsin rye, than in winter and spring rye. In contrast, allele 4 of Aat 4 was characteristic of S. cereale. Within the screened collection, locus Aat 2 was monomorphic. Among three alleles of Aat 3, allele 2 dominated isoenzyme profiles of both rye species, whereas the other two alleles were species-specific: allele 1 was characteristic of S. montanum and allele 3 was found only in S. cereale. Key words : rye, Secale cereale, Secale derzhavinii, Secale montanum, aspartate aminotransferase, isoenzymes, perennial habit, polymorphism.

scholarly journals Rye (Secale cereale L.) and Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Intercrop Management in Fresh-market Vegetables

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasey N. Mwaja ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Catherine E. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Snap Bean

The effect of cover-crop management on growth and yield of `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.), `Market Pride' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), and `Mustang' snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was determined. Each fall, `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and `Oregon Crown' hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were interseeded. The following spring, the cover crops were killed by either applying glyphosate and mowing (CC-G) or mowing and disking (CC-D). Trifluralin was preplant incorporated into bare ground as a conventional tillage (CT) treatment. In 1992 and 1993, a chicken (Gallus gallus L.) based fertilizer was applied to half the subplots. The greatest snap bean and cabbage yields were in CT. The system with the greatest tomato yields varied. In 1991, the greatest tomato yields were in the CT treatment, while in 1992 yields were greatest in the CT and CC-D treatments, and in 1993 the greatest yields were in CT and CC-G. Cabbage yields were greater in the fertilized than the unfertilized treatments. In 1992, infestations of diamondback moth, imported cabbageworm, and cabbage looper were greater in CT than in the CC-G treatment. Three years of the CC-G treatment increased soil organic matter from 3.07% to 3.48% and increased soil pH from 6.30 to 6.51, while neither changed in the CT. Chemical names used: N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipro`pyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine (trifluralin).

Cell Wall Deposits in Winter Rye Secale cereale L. 'Puma' during Cold Acclimation

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Griffith ◽  
Gregory N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Effects of weed and erosion control on communities of soil mites (Oribatida and Gamasina) in short-rotation willow plantings in central New York

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Minor ◽  
Roy A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific

Several pre-emergent herbicides (azafenidin, oxyfluorfen, and imazaquin–pendimethalin mixture), used for weed control during the establishment of short-rotation willow plantings, were tested for their impact on population density, species richness, and community structure of predaceous (Gamasina) and saprophagous and (or) mycophagous (Oribatida) soil mites. The experimental control was hand-weeded (no herbicide). Two site preparation treatments were used: conventional (disked) and erosion controlled (no-till with cover crop of winter rye). The influence of herbicide application on non-target organisms (soil mites) cannot be generalized, with groups being differentially affected. Overall, Oribatida were most affected by herbicides. Among specific herbicides, azafenidin and oxyfluorfen had a negative effect on density and species richness of soil mites. The response of Oribatida and Gamasina to herbicides was species-specific. Two species of Oribatida ( Sellnickochthonius immaculatus (Forsslund) and Liochthonius lapponicus (Trägårdh)) declined significantly in all herbicide-treated plots. The cover crop residue had positive effect on both Oribatida and Gamasina; the negative effect of herbicides on Oribatida was greatly mitigated by cover crop. Herbicides appear to reduce mite diversity and alter community structure, but they do not always affect abundance. We speculate that the sensitivity of Oribatida to herbicides can reflect the indirect impacts of herbicides on soil microflora.

Relationship between extract viscosity and kernel size in winter rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Kernel Width ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Rye (Secale cereale L.) grain with low extract viscosity (EV) and superior kernel characteristics is desired when used in diets of monogastric animals. Knowledge of the relationship between EV and kernel characteristics is needed to develop an efficient selection strategy for breeding cultivars that meet the two criteria. Grains of 11 open-pollinated population varieties/lines grown in 21 environments were studied to determine the relationship between EV and kernel weight (KWT) among genotypes and environmental effects. Grains of eight out of the eleven varieties/lines were screened into five kernel-size categories, <2.0, 2.0–2.4, 2.4–2.8, 2.8–3.2, >3.2 mm in kernel width, to determine the relationship between EV and kernel width within a genotype. EV was a linear function of KWT; high KWT is indicative of low EV. The degree of the relationship was affected by environment. For example, grains grown at Swift Current had a stronger relationship between EV and KWT than those from Lacombe (b = −1.67 vs. −0.31). For the grain from Swift Current, 60% of variability in EV was attributable to KWT, while for the grain from Lacombe only ≈ 20% of variability in EV was explainable by KWT. Among the various kernel-width categories within a genotype, 60 to 98% of variability in EV was attributable to kernel width, with some genotypes responding to a greater degree than others. In development of winter rye cultivars low in extract viscosity, breeders could combine kernel weight/width into the selection strategy to enhance the selection progress or use kernel weight/width as a reference in selection of extract viscosity trait. Key words: Pentosans, arabinoxylans, kernel weight, Secale cereale

Gelation in protein extracts from cold acclimated and non-acclimated winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer)

Cryobiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Long Lim ◽  
Nicholas H. Low ◽  
Barbara A. Moffatt ◽  
Gordon R. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document