Larval pupation site preference and its relationship to the glue proteins in a few species of Drosophila

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shivanna ◽  
G. S. Siddalinga Murthy ◽  
S. R. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Glass Wall ◽  
Glue Proteins ◽  
Salivary Gland Secretion ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland ◽  
Glue Protein ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Pupation Site

The pupation site preference and the quantity of larval salivary gland secretion proteins (glue proteins) were analysed in 15 species of Drosophila belonging to 3 species groups. The results showed that even under constant environmental conditions, the larvae of different species prefer to pupate at different sites in various proportions. Three patterns of pupation site preference could be recognized on the basis of the preponderance of larvae pupating at different sites. The classification of different species of Drosophila under study into 3 pattern groups does not correspond with their taxonomic classification. The larvae of those species that synthesize large quantities of glue protein tend to pupate in the medium, while those synthesizing half the quantity of glue proteins pupate on the sides of the container (glass wall). The quantity of glue protein is not correlated with the size of the salivary glands. Key words : Drosophila, larval salivary glands, glue proteins, pupation site preference.

Discovery of New Genera Challenges the Subtribal Classification of Tok-Tok Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia M Gearner ◽  
Marcin J Kamiński ◽  
Kojun Kanda ◽  
Kali Swichtenberg ◽  
Aaron D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Sepidiini is a speciose tribe of desert-inhabiting darkling beetles, which contains a number of poorly defined taxonomic groups and is in need of revision at all taxonomic levels. In this study, two previously unrecognized lineages were discovered, based on morphological traits, among the extremely speciose genera Psammodes Kirby, 1819 (164 species and subspecies) and Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 (144 species and subspecies), namely the Psammodes spinosus species-group and Ocnodes humeralis species-group. In order to test their phylogenetic placement, a phylogeny of the tribe was reconstructed based on analyses of DNA sequences from six nonoverlapping genetic loci (CAD, wg, COI JP, COI BC, COII, and 28S) using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. The aforementioned, morphologically defined, species-groups were recovered as distinct and well-supported lineages within Molurina + Phanerotomeina and are interpreted as independent genera, respectively, Tibiocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. and Tuberocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. A new species, Tuberocnodes synhimboides Gearner & Kamiński sp. nov., is also described. Furthermore, as the recovered phylogenetic placement of Tibiocnodes and Tuberocnodes undermines the monophyly of Molurina and Phanerotomeina, an analysis of the available diagnostic characters for those subtribes is also performed. As a consequence, Phanerotomeina is considered as a synonym of the newly redefined Molurina sens. nov. Finally, spectrograms of vibrations produced by substrate tapping of two Molurina species, Toktokkus vialis (Burchell, 1822) and T. synhimboides, are presented.

Cladistic analysis of the Zethus (Zethoides) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) species groups with insights on the current subgeneric classification of Zethus Fabricius, 1804

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Botion Lopes ◽  
Fernando Barbosa Noll
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Groups

Zethus is the largest genus in Eumeninae, with over 250 species. Currently, it is divided in four subgenera: Z. (Zethus), Z. (Zethusculus), Z. (Zethoides) and Z. (Madecazethus). Z. (Zethoides), with 42 species, is subdivided in eight species groups, each considered a phylogenetic unit, that were created without any phylogenetic analysis. Eighteen species of Z. (Zethoides) corresponding to different groups were examined, altogether with terminals from distinct lineages of Zethus, Zethini and Eumenini, to perform a cladistics analysis to verify the proposed divisions. Zethus (Zethoides) and all of its species groups, except for the Z. biglumis group, were monophyletic. Zethus s.s. was paraphyletic in relation to Z. (Madecazethus), Z. (Zethoides) and Ctenochilus. Z. (Zethusculus) was also retrieved paraphyletic. Despite the subgeneric incongruences, the outgroups were too poorly represented to carry a taxonomic modification. Thus, the only alteration was the inclusion of the Z. clypearis group in the Z. biglumis group.

Supraspecific classification.

2022 ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Species Groups

Abstract The definitions of genera and subgenera used in the classification of the Dacini have been in a continual state of change for over a century. The early definitions were based on often homoplasious morphological characters, some examples for the Oriental and Australian regions being Tryon (1927), Perkins (1937), Hardy (1951), May (1951) and Drew (1972). More recently revised subgeneric definitions for most species groups were published by Drew and Hancock (2016) and Hancock and Drew (2006, 2015, 2016, 2017a,b,c,d,e, 2018a,b,c, 2019), based on detailed analyses of dacine biogeography, host plant biology and morphology. This chapter discusses the evolutionary origins of the Dacini, the host plant and its influence on speciation in the Dacini.

5-HT-stimulated arachidonic acid release from labeled phosphatidylinositol in blowfly salivary glands

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. C222-C226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Litosch ◽  
Y. Saito ◽  
J. N. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Release ◽  
Salivary Gland Secretion ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Acid Release ◽  
Ca2 Channels

In blowfly salivary glands, breakdown of phosphatidylinositol has been linked to the activation of hormone-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Addition of 5-hydroxytryptamine to blowfly salivary glands stimulated the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol prelabeled with 32P or [3H]arachidonic acid. This was associated with a transient accumulation of [3H]arachidonic-labeled diglyceride. There was no appreciable effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine labeled with 32P or [3H]arachidonic acid, indicating that phosphatidylinositol was the immediate source of diglyceride. Extracellular Ca2+ was necessary for [3H]arachidonic acid but not 32P loss from phosphatidylinositol. Addition of arachidonic acid to salivary glands did not stimulate salivary gland secretion or 45Ca flux. In contrast, 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulated both salivary gland secretion and 45Ca flux. These results indicate that, although [3H]arachidonic acid is incorporated into phosphatidylinositol and its release from this phospholipid is increased by 5-hydroxytryptamine, the liberated arachidonic acid does not stimulate salivary gland secretion or 45Ca flux.

scholarly journals Pupation site preference selection in Drosophila jambulina

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Seema Ramniwas ◽  
Girish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Site Preference ◽  
Pupation Site

Larval salivary gland secretion proteins in Drosophila

1984 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Guild ◽  
Eileen Malko Shore
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Salivary Gland Secretion ◽  
Larval Salivary Gland

Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Malagasy pseudoxyrhophiine snake genera Geodipsas and Compsophis based on morphological and molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1517 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK GLAW ◽  
ZOLTÁN T. NAGY ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

Based on a specimen found at Montagne d'Ambre in northern Madagascar morphologically agreeing with Compsophis albiventris Mocquard, 1894, we report on the rediscovery of this enigmatic snake genus and species and its molecular phylogenetic relationships. Compsophis albiventris, considered to be the only representative of its genus and unreported since its original description, bears strong morphological similarities to species of Geodipsas Boulenger, 1896. A molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of three mitochondrial and nuclear genes (complete cytochrome b, fragments of 16S rRNA and c-mos) in Compsophis albiventris and three Geodipsas species corroborated close relationships between C. albiventris and Geodipsas boulengeri, and showed that the genera Compsophis and Geodipsas together form a monophyletic unit. Despite the general similarities, morphological data and chromatic features support the existence of two species groups, corresponding to Compsophis and Geodipsas. We consequently consider Geodipsas as a subgenus of Compsophis and transfer all species currently in Geodipsas into the genus Compsophis.

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