GATA- and GACA-repeats are not evenly distributed throughout the tomato genome

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arens ◽  
P. Odinot ◽  
A. W. van Heusden ◽  
P. Lindhout ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mapping Experiment

This paper describes the distribution of highly polymorphic GATA- and GACA-containing DNA regions in tomato. To study the distribution of these polymorphic regions, a mapping experiment was done. The segregation of 32 GATA- and GACA-containing loci was analyzed in a F2 population from a cross between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii. From these loci, 28 could be mapped to 8 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. Both the GATA- and GACA-containing loci seem to cluster in the same chromosomal regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on mapping of GATA- and GACA-containing loci in plants.Key words: mapping, microsatellites, Lycopersicon esculentum, RFLP, DNA-fingerprinting.

First Report of Postharvest Fruit Rot on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Fusarium equiseti in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Khokhar ◽  
Y. Jia ◽  
I. Mukhtar ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-527
Author(s):  
G. T. Church
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

Characterization of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genome using in vitro and in situ DNA reassociation

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G Peterson ◽  
William R Pearson ◽  
Stephen M Stack
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Single Copy Dna

A detailed in vitro study of the kinetics of DNA renaturation, i.e., a C0t analysis, can be used to determine the size of a genome, the relative proportions of single-copy and repetitive sequences, and the complexity of genome components. Despite the dual importance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) as a model for basic plant research and as a crop plant, to the best of our knowledge a C0t analysis has never been published for this species. This is probably due to difficulties associated with isolating sufficient quantities of polyphenol-free nuclear DNA from tomato. Recently we developed a technique for isolating milligram quantities of purified DNA from tomato nuclei, and we used DNA isolated in this manner to prepare a C0t curve for the tomato genome. Analysis of the C0t data indicates that the tomato genome (1C) consists of approximately 0.86 pg of DNA. In agreement with earlier molecular studies, the C0t analysis suggests that most (~73%) of the tomato genome is composed of single-copy sequences. Since 77% of the DNA in tomato chromosomes is found in constitutive heterochromatin, many of the single-copy sequences must reside in heterochromatin, an unexpected arrangement, considering that the constitutive heterochromatin of most species is predominantly repetitive DNA. To determine the distribution of repetitive and single-copy DNA along tomato pachytene chromosomes, we used hydroxyapatite-purified C0t fractions as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our FISH results indicate that highly repetitive DNA hybridizes almost exclusively with heterochromatin. While single-copy DNA comprises most of the DNA in euchromatin, heterochromatin contains the majority of single-copy DNA sequences, an observation consistent with our C0t data and previous cytological studies.Key words: tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, genome size, heterochromatin, euchromatin, DNA reassociation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, C0t.

scholarly journals Severe Yellowing Outbreaks in Tomato in Spain Associated with Infections of Tomato chlorosis virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Navas-Castillo ◽  
R. Camero ◽  
M. Bueno ◽  
E. Moriones
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
First Report ◽  
Yellowing Disease ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus

Since 1997, yellowing disease outbreaks have occurred in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops in southern Spain. The outbreaks were associated with high populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Symptoms consisted mainly of interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Affected plants were less vigorous and yielded less due to reduced fruit growth and delayed ripening. During 1998 and 1999, the yellowing disease was widespread and occurred at high incidences in the Málaga province. The disease agent was readily transmissible from tomato to tomato by B. tabaci biotype Q. Samples from symptomatic tomato plants were analyzed and shown to be infected with Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae). This is the first report of ToCV epidemics in Europe.

scholarly journals First Report of Rhizopus Soft Rot on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Rhizopus oryzae in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Khokhar ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Jia ◽  
Y. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals First Report of Pepper mottle virus in Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Th. J. Verhoeven ◽  
T. M. Willemen ◽  
J. W. Roenhorst
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nontranslated Region

In 2000, a breeding company submitted a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) sample from Guatemala for diagnosis. The plants showed necrotic lesions on leaves surrounded by some chlorosis, necrotic streaks on stems, and large superficial necrotic lesions on fruits. By mechanical inoculation of plant sap to different plant species, symptoms appeared in Capsicum annuum ‘Westlandse Grote Zoete’, Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Money-maker’, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. bigelovii, N. glutinosa, N. hesperis-67A, N. occidentalis-P1, N. tabacum ‘White Burley’, and Physalis floridana. Systemically infected leaves from N. occidentalis-P1 were used for all further experiments. Leaf dip preparations were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and revealed the presence of filamentous virus particles typical of a potyvirus. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests for Potato virus A, V, and Y, Tobacco etch virus, and Wild potato mosaic virus were negative. An antiserum (PepMoV/DSMZ As 0186) to Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), however, gave a positive reaction. To obtain further evidence for the presence of this virus, the nucleotide sequence of the complete 3′ nontranslated region (3NTR) and the 3′ terminal part of the coat protein gene (3CPG) was determined using the set of degenerate primers P9502/CPUP (1). The obtained nucleotide sequence (approximately 700 bp) was deposited in GenBank under Accession No. AF440801. It showed 93 to 94% 3NTR and 90 to 93% 3CPG homology with the three sequences of PepMoV from pepper already present in GenBank. The two viruses with the next closest nucleotide sequence homology were Potato virus V and Potato virus Y showing up to 80 and 75% homology with the 3CPG and up to 53 and 48% homology with the 3NTR, respectively. Based on these results, we concluded that the virus isolated from the symptomatic tomato plants was PepMoV. Because of the relatively low homologies with the pepper isolates of PepMoV, this tomato isolate might be a separate strain of the virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of PepMoV in tomato. Reference: (1) R. A. A. van der Vlugt et al. Phytopathology 89:148, 1999.

DNA content of heterochromatin and euchromatin in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pachytene chromosomes

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Peterson ◽  
Stephen M. Stack ◽  
H. James Price ◽  
J. Spencer Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Chromosome Walking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Words Tomato ◽  
Effective Genome Size ◽  
Active Genes

Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) has a small genome (2C = 1.90 pg of DNA) packaged in 2n = 2x = 24 small acrocentric to metacentric chromosomes. Like the chromosomes of other members of the family Solanaceae, tomato chromosomes have pericentromeric heterochromatin. To determine the fraction of the tomato genome found in euchromatin versus heterochromatin, we stained pachytene chromosomes from primary microsporocytes with Feulgen and analyzed them by densitometry and image analysis. In association with previously published synaptonemal complex karyotype data for tomato, our results indicate that 77% of the tomato microsporocyte genome is located in heterochromatin and 23% is found in euchromatin. If heterochromatin is assumed to contain few active genes, then the functional genes of the tomato must be concentrated in an effective genome of only 0.22 pg of DNA (1C = 0.95 pg × 0.23 = 0.22 pg). The physical segregation of euchromatin and heterochromatin in tomato chromosomes coupled with the small effective genome size suggests that tomato may be a more useful subject for chromosome walking and gene mapping studies than would be predicted based on its genome size alone. Key words : tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, genome size, heterochromatin, euchromatin, pachytene chromosomes, synaptonemal complex.

scholarly journals Resistance to Race T2 of the Bacterial Spot Pathogen in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 621e-621
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
S.A. Miller ◽  
R.E. Stall ◽  
J.B. Jones ◽  
G.C. Somodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
First Report ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Thirty-three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) or L. pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill. accessions were inoculated with race T2 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) in a field experiment at Wooster, Ohio, in Summer 1995. These included accessions selected for race T2 resistance in greenhouse tests in Florida, and accessions from Hawaii, Brazil, and Bulgaria. One L. esculentum (PI 114490-1-1) and three L. pimpinellifolium (PI 340905-S1, PI 128216-T2, and LA 442-1-BK) accessions had no Xcv symptoms. This is the first report of resistance to Xcv race T2. Partial resistance was found in PI 271385, PI 79532-S1, PI 155372-S1, PI 195002, and PI 126428. Most of the 33 genotypes were tested for race T1 resistance in Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil in summer 1993. Hawaii 7983, PI 155372-S1, PI 114490, PI 114490-S1, and PI 262173 had greater resistance to T1 than the susceptible control `Solar Set'. Comparisons with earlier experiments in which accessions were inoculated with race T1 or T3 indicated that the most consistent source of resistance to all three races was PI 114490 or selections from it.

Long tomato microsatellites are predominantly associated with centromeric regions

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Areshchenkova ◽  
Martin W Ganal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Tetranucleotide Microsatellites ◽  
Simple Sequence

Microsatellites as genetic markers are used in many crop plants. Major criteria for their usability as molecular markers include that they are highly polymorphic and evenly spread throughout a genome. In tomato, it has been reported that long arrays of tetranucleotide microsatellites containing the motif GATA are highly clustered around the centromeres of all chromosomes. In this study, we have isolated tomato microsatellites containing long arrays (> 20 repeats) of the dinucleotide motifs GA, GT, AT, as well as GATA, assessed their variability within Lycopersicon esculentum varieties and mapped them onto a genetic map of tomato. The investigated microsatellite markers exhibited between 1 and 5 alleles in a diverse set of L. esculentum lines. Mapping of the microsatellites onto the genetic map of tomato demonstrates that, as previously shown, GATA microsatellites are highly clustered in the regions of the tomato centromeres. Interestingly, the same centromeric location was now found for long dinucleotide microsatellite markers. Because of this uneven distribution, genetic mapping of the entire tomato genome using long dinucleotide microsatellites will be very difficult to achieve and microsatellite markers with shorter arrays of microsatellites could be more suitable for mapping experiments albeit their lower level of polymorphism. Some microsatellite markers described in this study might provide a useful tool to study the molecular structure of tomato centromeric regions and for variety identification.Key words: molecular marker, Lycopersicon esculentum, genetic variability, genetic map, simple sequence repeats.

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