Mitotic and meiotic irregularities in somatic hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum tuberosum

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. A. Wolters ◽  
H. C. H. Schoenmakers ◽  
S. Kamstra ◽  
J. van Eden ◽  
M. Koornneef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Tetrad Stage ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Mother Cells

Chromosome numbers were determined in metaphase complements of root-tip meristems of 107 tomato (+) potato somatic hybrids, obtained from five different combinations of parental genotypes. Of these hybrids 79% were aneuploid, lacking one or two chromosomes in most cases. All four hybrids that were studied at mitotic anaphase of root tips showed laggards and bridges, the three aneuploids in a higher frequency than the single euploid. Hybrid K2H2-1C, which showed the highest percentage of aberrant anaphases, possessed 46 chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with total genomic DNA showed that this hybrid contained 23 tomato, 22 potato, and 1 recombinant chromosome consisting of a tomato chromosome arm and a potato chromosome arm. The potato parent of K2H2-1C was aneusomatic in its root tips with a high frequency of monosomic and trisomic cells and a relatively high frequency of cells with one fragment or telosome. Meiotic analyses of three tomato (+) potato somatic hybrids revealed laggards, which occurred most frequently in the triploid hybrids, and bridges, which were frequently present in pollen mother cells (PMCs) at anaphase I of hypotetraploid K2H2-1C. We observed putative trivalents in PMCs at diakinesis and metaphase I of eutriploid A7-82A and quadrivalents in part of the PMCs of hypotetraploid K2H2-1C, suggesting that homoeologous recombination between tomato and potato chromosomes occurred in these hybrids. All three hybrids showed a high percentage of first division restitution, giving rise to unreduced gametes. However, shortly after the tetrad stage all microspores completely degenerated, resulting in exclusively sterile pollen.Key words: tomato, potato, symmetric somatic hybrids, chromosomal irregularities, genomic in situ hybridization.

Identification of a barley chromosomal interchange using N-banding and in situ hybridization techniques

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Chromosomal Interchange ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Root Tip Cells

The combination of N-banding and in situ hybridization was used to illustrate the rapid identification of the chromosomes involved in a newly formed chromosomal interchange (reciprocal translocation) in barley. The plant heterozygous for the interchange was derived from the backcross of 'Su Pie', a two-rowed Chinese winter barley cultivar (2n = 2x = 14), with pollen from a triploid interspecific F1 hybrid (2n = 3x = 21) obtained from the cross of 'Su Pie' × tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum accession GBC141 (2n = 4x = 28). Pollen mother cells of the interchanged plant exhibited one quadrivalent and five bivalents in 97.8% of cells. Partial sterility of florets was observed in spikes obtained from self-pollination and the plants morphologically resembled barley. Barley chromosomes were readily identified by N-banding from root-tip cells with one band missing from the short arm of one of the pair of chromosome 4. N-banding of metaphase I of meiosis revealed that chromosomes 1, 2, and 5 were not involved in the interchange. In situ hybridization with a rDNA probe showed that chromosomes 6 and 7 were paired as bivalents. In conclusion, chromosomes 3 and 4 are involved in the interchange with the breakpoint in the short arm of chromosome 4 between the two proximal N-bands. The use of chromosome-specific DNA probes for chromosome identification using in situ hybridization is proposed.Key words: barley, chromosomal interchange, N-banding, in situ hybridization, rDNA.

C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of the wheat–alien hybrid 'Agrotana'

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
A. Laroche
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Chromosome Engineering ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Alien Chromatin ◽  
Chromosome Segments

'Agrotana', a wheat-alien hybrid (2n = 56), is a potential source of resistance to common root rot, stem rust, wheat streak mosaic virus, and the wheat curl mite. However, the origin of 'Agrotana', reported to be durum wheat × Agropyron trichophorum (pubescent wheatgrass), is uncertain. The objective of this investigation was to determine the chromosome constitution of 'Agrotana' using C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. The F1 hybrid of 'Agrotana' × 'Chinese Spring' wheat showed 7 I + 21 II in 14.9% of the pollen mother cells, evidence of the presence of the A, B, and D genomes in 'Agrotana'. The hybrid had 16 heavily C-banded chromosomes, namely 4A, and 1-7B of wheat, and a translocation that probably involved wheat chromosomes 2A and 2D. In situ hybridization using biotinylated genomic DNA of Ag. trichophorum cv. Greenleaf blocked with CS DNA failed to identify the alien chromosomes in 'Agrotana', indicating that the alien chromosomes were not likely derived from pubescent wheatgrass. In situ hybridization using labelled wheat genomic DNA blocked with 'Agrotana' DNA revealed that 'Agrotana' had 40 wheat, 14 alien, and 2 (a pair) wheat–alien translocated chromosomes. There was no homology between wheat and the alien chromosomes or chromosome segments involved in the wheat–alien recombinant. Two of the seven pairs of alien chromosomes were homoeologous to each other. The ability to identify alien chromatin in wheat using labelled wheat DNA instead of labelled alien DNA will be particularly useful in chromosome engineering of wheat germplasms having alien chromatin of unknown origin.Key words: wheat–alien hybrid, C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization, labelled wheat DNA as probe.

scholarly journals B chromosome in Plantago lagopus Linnaeus, 1753 shows preferential transmission and accumulation through unusual processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Dhar ◽  
Gurmeet Kour ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosome ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Preferential Transmission ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Plantago Lagopus ◽  
Mother Cells

Plantagolagopus is a diploid (2n = 2x =12) weed belonging to family Plantaginaceae. We reported a novel B chromosome in this species composed of 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and other repetitive elements. In the present work, presence of B chromosome(s) was confirmed through FISH on root tip and pollen mother cells. Several experiments were done to determine the transmission of B chromosome through male and female sex tracks. Progenies derived from the reciprocal crosses between plants with (1B) and without (0B) B chromosomes were studied. The frequency of B chromosome bearing plants was significantly higher than expected, in the progeny of 1B female × 0B male. Thus, the B chromosome seems to have preferential transmission through the female sex track, which may be due to meiotic drive. One of the most intriguing aspects of the present study was the recovery of plants having more chromosomes than the standard complement of 12 chromosomes. Such plants were isolated from the progenies of B chromosome carrying plants. The origin of these plants can be explained on the basis of a two step process; formation of unreduced gametes in 1B plants and fusion of unreduced gametes with the normal gametes or other unreduced gametes. Several molecular techniques were used which unequivocally confirmed similar genetic constitution of 1B (parent) and plants with higher number of chromosomes.

Genomic in situ hybridization to sectioned nuclei shows chromosome domains in grass hybrids

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
A.R. Leitch ◽  
W. Mosgoller ◽  
T. Schwarzacher ◽  
M.D. Bennett ◽  
J.S. Heslop-Harrison
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Microscope Level ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In situ hybridization using biotinylated total genomic DNA and avidin detection systems was adapted for examination of thin-sectioned plant material in the light and electron microscopes. Root tip material was preserved prior to sectioning, so that the in vivo disposition of the chromatin was maintained. Use of total genomic DNA from Secale africanum as a probe enabled the chromatin from the two parental genomes in the grass hybrid Hordeum chilense × S. africanum to be distinguished. The biotinylated probe preferentially labelled the chromosomes of S. africanum origin. DNA-DNA hybrids were visualized at the light-microscope level by Texas Red fluorescence and at the electron-microscope level by the enzymic precipitation of DAB (diaminobenzidine) or by colloidal gold particles. The use of thin sections allowed the location of probe hybridization to be established unequivocally in both metaphase and interphase nuclei. Analysis of interphase nuclei showed that chromatin originating from the two parental genomes did not intermix but occupied distinct domains.

Chromosome pairing and potential for intergeneric recombination in some hypotetraploid somatic hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum tuberosum

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. de Jong ◽  
A. M. A. Wolters ◽  
J. M. Kok ◽  
H. Verhaar ◽  
J. van Eden
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Synaptonemal Complex ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Prophase I ◽  
Metaphase I

Three somatic hybrids resulting from protoplast fusions of a diploid kanamycin-resistant line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a dihaploid hygromycin-resistant transformant of a monohaploid potato (Solanum tuberosum) line were used for a cytogenetic study on chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination. Chromosome counts in root-tip meristem cells revealed two hypotetraploids with chromosome complements of 2n = 46 and one with 2n = 47. Electron microscope analyses of synaptonemal complex spreads of hypotonically burst protoplasts at mid prophase I showed abundant exchanges of pairing partners in multivalents involving as many as eight chromosomes. In the cells at late pachytene recombination nodules were found in multivalents on both sides of pairing partner exchanges, indicating recombination at both homologous and homoeologous sites. Light microscope observations of pollen mother cells at late diakinesis and metaphase I also revealed multivalents, though their occurrence in low frequencies betrays the reduction of multivalent number and complexity. Precocious separation of half bivalents at metaphase I and lagging of univalents at anaphase I were observed frequently. Bridges, which may result from an apparent inversion loop found in the synaptonemal complexes of a mid prophase I nucleus, were also quite common at anaphase I, though the expected accompanying fragments could be detected in only a few cells. Most striking were the high frequencies of first division restitution in preparations at metaphase II/anaphase II, giving rise to unreduced gametes. In spite of the expected high numbers of balanced haploid and diploid gametes, male fertility, as revealed by pollen staining, was found to be negligible.Key words: synaptonemal complex, recombination, chromosome pairing, somatic hybrid, Lycopersicon esculentum (+) Solanum tuberosum.

Genome reorganization in Nicotiana asymmetric somatic hybrids analysed by in situ hybridization

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Parokonny ◽  
A. Y. Kenton ◽  
Y. Y. Gleba ◽  
M. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Asymmetric Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Genome Reorganization

scholarly journals Loss of material from chromosome arm 1p during malignant progression of meningioma revealed by fluorescent in Situ hybridization

Cancer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Ishino ◽  
Naoya Hashimoto ◽  
Shinji Fushiki ◽  
Kousei Date ◽  
Toshiki Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Expression of a Bet v 1 homologue gene encoding a PR 10 protein in birch roots: induction by auxin and localization of the transcripts by in situ hybridization

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Poupard ◽  
Nicole Brunel ◽  
Nathalie Leduc ◽  
Jean-Daniel Viémont ◽  
Désiré-Georges Strullu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Bet V 1 ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In birch roots (Betula pendula Roth), two members of the Bet v 1 gene family which encode PR 10 proteins have previously been characterized. One of these members, named Bet v 1-sc1, is significantly induced in response to biotic or abiotic factors. We have analysed the expression of Bet v 1-sc1 in birch roots treated either with 1 M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 1 M kinetin using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), northern blotting and competitive PCR. High accumulation of the Bet v 1-sc1 transcripts was recorded only after auxin application, while kinetin had no effect. By in situ hybridization, we have investigated the localization of Bet v 1-sc1 mRNA in birch roots after induction of the gene by root treatment with 1 M IAA. Using root tip sections, we showed that Bet v 1-sc1 is significantly expressed in the apical meristem and the procambium. In sections taken in the zone producing lateral roots, the presence of Bet v 1-sc1 was found at sites of emerging secondary root primordia. This first report of localization of Bet v 1-sc1 expression suggests that this gene could be involved in the processes leading to lateral root initiation.

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