Isolation of a new species-specific repetitive sequence from Thinopyrum elongatum and its use in the studies of alien translocations

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bournival ◽  
M. Obanni ◽  
A. Abad ◽  
H. Ohm ◽  
S. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

A new repetitive sequence that is extremely abundant and well dispersed in the Thinopyrum elongatum genome but present in low-copy number in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been isolated. This repeat and a Th. elongatum repeat isolated in another laboratory were used to identify cosmid genomic clones containing the repeats and, thus, putatively located on a Th. elongatum/T. aestivum translocation arm. Most of the selected cosmids contained single-or low-copy sequences, making them potentially useful in mapping studies. The repeats were used in deletion mapping to deduce gene order of three genes located on the Th. elongatum translocation arm. In situ hybridization studies suggested that this newly identified Th. elongatum repeat is well dispersed throughout the Thinopyrum genome but present at only one location in wheat. This raises some interesting questions about the role of such repetitive elements in the evolution of grass species.Key words: species-specific repeats, wheat, wheatgrass, Agropyron elongatum, in situ hybridization.

Characterization of an Agropyron elongatum chromosome conferring resistance to cephalosporium stripe in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwen Cai ◽  
Stephen S. Jones ◽  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Small Band ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum

Related wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines, PI 561033, REA 9232, REA 9257, and CI 13113 were analyzed cytogenetically to characterize the association of resistance to cephalosporium stripe (caused by Cephalosporium gramineum Nis. & Ika.) with Agropyron elongatum chromatin. One pair of A. elongatum chromosomes was detected in PI 561033, REA 9232, and CI 13113 by genomic in situ hybridization. The sib line of PI 561033 and REA 9232, REA 9257, which is not resistant to this disease, lacked this pair of A. elongatum chromosomes. PI 561033 was characterized as a disomic T. aestivum – A. elongatum 6Ae#2(6A) chromosome substitution line using test crosses and C-banding. In situ hybridization and test crosses showed that the donor parent, CI 13113, also had chromosome 6A substituted by A. elongatum chromosome 6Ae#2. The C-banding pattern of 6Ae#2 showed two subterminal bands on the long arm and one small band proximal to the centromere on the short arm. Based on chromosome pairing and compensation, chromosome 6Ae#2 shows a close homoeologous relationship with wheat chromosome 6A. Key words : Cephalosporium gramineum, Agropyron elongatum, in situ hybridization, C-banding, chromosome substitution.

Genome analysis of seven species of Kengyilia (Triticeae: Poaceae) with FISH and GISH

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanwen Dou ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang ◽  
Yuting Lei ◽  
Feng Yu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Karyotype ◽  
Species Specific

The genome compositions and genetic relationships of seven species of Kengyilia were assessed using a sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique. Five species, K. kokonorica, K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, K. grandiglumis, and K. thoroldiana, are native to Qinghai (China). The other two, K. alatavica and K. batalinii, are distributed in Xinjiang (China) and Kyrgyzstan, respectively. Each chromosome could be easily identified using chromosome markers (45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, pAs1, and AAG repeats) by FISH and allocated to the St, P, or Y genome by GISH. Molecular karyotype comparison indicated that K. alatavica and K. batalinii were distinct from the Qinghai species in all three genomes. These results support that the species of Kengyilia from Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau have independent origins. Genomic differentiation was still detected among the species of Kengyilia from Qinghai. Specifically, a common species-specific pericentric inversion was identified in both K. grandiglumis and K. thoroldiana, and an identical St-P non-Robertsonian translocation was frequently detected in K. hirsuta. The Qinghai species formed three genetic groups, K. kokonorica–K. rigidula, K. hirsuta, and K. grandiglumis–K. thoroldiana. The possible role of species-specific inversions and translocations in the evolution of StPY species is discussed.

scholarly journals Expression and localization of the mRNA for DNA (cytosine-5)- methyltransferase in mouse seminiferous tubules.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Numata ◽  
T Ono ◽  
S Iseki
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probe ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry

DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MTase) is the only enzyme known to be involved in the methylation of mammalian DNA. Although the expression of DNA MTase gene is abundant in the testis, little is known about the role of this enzyme during spermatogenesis. We examined the distribution of DNA MTase mRNA in mouse testis by in situ hybridization histochemistry with an oligonucleotide probe. The mRNA signal was observed in the seminiferous tubules and was localized predominantly in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, particularly during the earlier steps of meiotic prophase I, with maximal intensity in the early pachytene cells. These results suggest some significant role for DNA MTase in spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Expression and role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 in the regulation of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in the mammalian kidney

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. F1496-F1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Pao ◽  
Aditi Bhargava ◽  
Francesca Di Sole ◽  
Raymond Quigley ◽  
Xinli Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Surface Expression ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Mammalian Kidney ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Exchange Activity

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 (sgk2) is 80% identical to the kinase domain of sgk1, an important mediator of mineralocorticoid-regulated sodium (Na+) transport in the distal nephron of the kidney. The expression pattern and role in renal function of sgk2 are virtually uncharacterized. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of rodent kidney coupled with real-time RT-PCR of microdissected rat kidney tubules showed robust sgk2 expression in the proximal straight tubule and thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Sgk2 expression was minimal in distal tubule cells with aquaporin-2 immunostaining but significant in proximal tubule cells with Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) immunostaining. To ascertain whether mineralocorticoids regulate expression of sgk2 in a manner similar to sgk1, we examined sgk2 mRNA expression in the kidneys of adrenalectomized rats treated with physiological doses of aldosterone together with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed that, unlike sgk1, sgk2 expression in the kidney was not altered by aldosterone treatment. Based on the observation that sgk2 is expressed in proximal tubule cells that also express NHE3, we asked whether sgk2 regulates NHE3 activity. We heterologously expressed sgk2 in opossum kidney (OKP) cells and measured Na+/H+ exchange activity by Na+-dependent cell pH recovery. Constitutively active sgk2, but not sgk1, stimulated Na+/H+ exchange activity by >30%. Moreover, the sgk2-mediated increase in Na+/H+ exchange activity correlated with an increase in cell surface expression of NHE3. Together, these results suggest that the pattern of expression, regulation, and role of sgk2 within the mammalian kidney are distinct from sgk1 and that sgk2 may play a previously unrecognized role in the control of transtubular Na+ transport through NHE3 in the proximal tubule.

scholarly journals In Situ Hybridization Analysis of ZPK Gene Expression During Murine Embryogenesis

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Nadeau ◽  
Gilles Grondin ◽  
Richard Blouin
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ZPK is a recently described protein serine/threonine kinase that has been originally identified from a human teratocarcinoma cell line by the polymerase chain reaction and whose function in signal transduction has not yet been elucidated. To investigate the potential role of this protein kinase in developmental processes, we have analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of the ZPK gene in mouse embryos of different gestational ages. Northern blot analysis revealed a single mRNA species of about 3.5 KB from Day 11 of gestation onwards. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated strong expression of ZPK mRNA in brain and in a variety of embryonic organs that rely on epithelio-mesenchymal interactions for their development, including skin, intestine, pancreas, and kidney. In these tissues, the ZPK mRNA was localized primarily in areas composed of specific types of differentiating cells, and this expression appeared to be upregulated at a time concomitant with the onset of terminal differentiation. Taken together, these observations raise the possibility that the ZPK gene product is involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of a fully cytodifferentiated state in a variety of cell lineages.

scholarly journals The Role of Gardens in Integrated Conservation Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Audrey Denvir ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Antonio González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Gardens and horticulturists play an increasingly important role in plant conservation, both in situ and ex situ. Integrated research and conservation of species intends to work across fields to connect science to conservation practice by engaging actors from different sectors, including gardens. The case of integrated conservation of Quercus brandegeei, a microendemic oak species in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is presented as an example of a collaboration between gardens and academic researchers to create a species-specific conservation plan that incorporates horticultural knowledge.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into Development of the Hedychium Coronarium Flower, Revealing Potential Roles of PTL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Alma Piñeyro-Nelson ◽  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xiaoying Hu ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
Organ Identity

Abstract Background:The flower of Hedychium coronarium possesses highly specialized floral organs: a synsepalous calyx, petaloid staminodes and a labellum. The formation of these organs is controlled by two gene categories: floral organ identity genes and organ boundary genes, which may function individually or jointly during flower development. Although the floral organogenesis of H. coronarium has been studied at the morphological level, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its floral development still remain poorly understood. In addition, previous works analyzing the role of MADS-box genes in controlling floral organ specification in some Zingiberaceae did not address the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of particular organ morphologies that emerge later in flower development, such as the synsepalous calyx formed through intercalary growth of adjacent sepals. Results:Here, we used comparative transcriptomics combined with Real-time quantitative PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization to investigate gene expression patterns of ABC-class genes in H. coronarium flowers, as well as the homolog of the organ boundary gene PETAL LOSS (HcPTL). qRT-PCR detection showed that HcAP3 and HcAG were expressed in both the petaloid staminode and the fertile stamen. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that HcPTL was expressed in developing meristems, including cincinnus primordia, floral primordia, common primordia and almost all new initiating floral organ primordia.Conclusions:Our studies found that stamen/petal identity or stamen fertility in H. coronarium was not necessarily correlated with the differential expression of HcAP3 and HcAG. We also found a novel spatio-temporal expression pattern for HcPTL mRNA, suggesting it may have evolved a lineage-specific role in the morphogenesis of the Hedychium flower. Our study provides a new transcriptome reference and a functional hypothesis regarding the role of a boundary gene in organ fusion that should be further addressed through phylogenetic analyzes of this gene, as well as functional studies.

Gonadal expression of c-kit encoded at the W locus of the mouse

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Manova ◽  
K. Nocka ◽  
P. Besmer ◽  
R.F. Bachvarova
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Type B ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Adult Mice

Recently, it has been shown that the c-kit proto-oncogene is encoded at the white spotting (W) locus in mice. Mutations of this gene cause depletion of germ cells, some hematopoietic cells and melanocytes. In order to define further the role of c-kit in gametogenesis, we have examined its expression in late fetal and postnatal ovaries and in postnatal testis. By RNA blot analysis, c-kit transcripts were not detected in late fetal ovaries but appeared at birth. The relative amount reached a maximum in ovaries of juvenile mice, and decreased in adult ovaries. c-kit transcripts were present in increasing amounts in isolated primordial, growing and full-grown oocytes, as well as in ovulated eggs. Little was detected in early 2-cell embryos and none in blastocysts. In situ hybridization revealed c-kit transcripts in a few oocytes of late fetal ovaries and in all oocytes (from primordial to full-grown) in ovaries from juvenile and adult mice. Expression was also observed in ovarian interstitial tissue from 14 days of age onward. Using indirect immunofluorescence, the c-kit protein was detected on the surface of primordial, growing and full-grown oocytes, as well as on embryos at the 1- and 2-cell stages; little remained in blastocysts. In situ hybridization analysis of testes from mice of different ages demonstrated expression in spermatogonia from 6 days of age onward. Using information provided by determining the stage of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium for a given tubule and by following the age dependence of labeling, it was concluded that the period of expression of c-kit extends from at least as early as type A2 spermatogonia through type B spermatogonia and into preleptotene spermatocytes. Leydig cells were labelled at all ages examined. The expression pattern in oocytes correlates most strongly with oocyte growth and in male germ cells with gonial proliferation.

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