Genetic control of green plant regeneration from anther culture of wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaping Zhou ◽  
Calvin F. Konzak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Cereal Breeding

The low percentage of green plants from anther cultures has limited the applications of haploid techniques in cereal breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic control of green plant percentage in wheat anther culture. Reciprocal crosses were made between a spring wheat 'Chris', which produces a high percentage of green plants, and an experimental line WA7176, which produces a low percentage of green plants. The reciprocal crosses were backcrossed with the respective male parents. A second group of reciprocal crosses and backcrosses was made between 'Yecora Rojo' (high green plant producing parent) and 'Edwall' (low green plant producing parent). Anthers from the parents, reciprocal cross, and backcross progeny were cultured to estimate the relative importance of nuclear genes in the control of green plant production. The percentages of green plants derived from the reciprocal crosses were intermediate between the parents and no significant reciprocal differences were detected. Backcrosses of the reciprocal crosses shifted the percentage of green plants towards the male parents. These results indicate that the percentages of green plants from anther culture of the tested genotypes are under the control of nuclear genes and that the genes are predominantly additive. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for green plant percentage as well as for callus induction and plant regeneration were also detected within the parental genotypes. The within-genotype variation for green plant percentage accounted for 24.5 and 34.1% of total variation for the two groups of crosses, indicating the potential for in vitro prescreening to identify specific parental plants to improve anther culture responses.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, anther culture, albinism, inheritance.

scholarly journals Efficiency of anther culture technique in the production of wheat double haploids

2008 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Nikola Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Double Haploids

The objective of the study was to investigate efficiency of anther culture in the production of spontaneous double haploids from randomly selected heterozygous genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Anthers of 20 F1 wheat combinations were grown in vitro on a modified Potato-2 medium. All of the examined genotypes have shown the ability to produce pollen calluses as well as to regenerate green plants. On average for the whole experiment material, 47.2 calluses were produced per 100 cultured anthers. The green plant regeneration ranged from 0.8 to 13.4 green plants per spike, with an overall mean of 5.8. From the total of 582 regenerated green plants, 47.9% (279) were spontaneous double haploids. The final average yield from the study was 2.8 double haploids per spike.

scholarly journals The Effect of Caffeine and Trifluralin on Chromosome Doubling in Wheat Anther Culture

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton ◽  
Marieclaire Castello ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Julie Killen ◽  
Anna Hepworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Challenges for wheat doubled haploid (DH) production using anther culture include genotype variability in green plant regeneration and spontaneous chromosome doubling. The frequency of chromosome doubling in our program can vary from 14% to 80%. Caffeine or trifluralin was applied at the start of the induction phase to improve early genome doubling. Caffeine treatment at 0.5 mM for 24 h significantly improved green plant production in two of the six spring wheat crosses but had no effect on the other crosses. The improvements were observed in Trojan/Havoc and Lancer/LPB14-0392, where green plant numbers increased by 14% and 27% to 161 and 42 green plants per 30 anthers, respectively. Caffeine had no significant effect on chromosome doubling, despite a higher frequency of doubling in several caffeine treatments in the first experiment (67–68%) compared to the control (56%). In contrast, trifluralin significantly improved doubling following a 48 h treatment, from 38% in the control to 51% and 53% in the 1 µM and 3 µM trifluralin treatments, respectively. However, trifluralin had a significant negative effect on green plant regeneration, declining from 31.8 green plants per 20 anthers (control) to 9–25 green plants per 20 anthers in the trifluralin treatments. Further work is required to identify a treatment regime with caffeine and/or anti-mitotic herbicides that consistently increases chromosome doubling in wheat without reducing green plant regeneration.

scholarly journals Effect of D Genome on Wheat Anther Culture Response After Cold and Mannitol Pretreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Lazaridou ◽  
Chryssanthi Pankou ◽  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of the D genome on embryoid induction and green plant regeneration in wheat anther culture and how it is influenced by low temperature and mannitol treatment. For this reason, the anther culture response of two Canadian bread wheat cultivars and their extracted tetraploids (AABB) was studied. As controls two cultivars well responding to anther-culture (i.e. cvs. Kavkaz/Cgn and Acheron) and a no-responding cultivar (cv. Vergina) were used. Approximately 3000 anthers of these cultivars were cultured and three pre-treatments were applied: cold pre-treatment for 7 and 18 days at 4°C, and 0.3M mannitol for seven days at 4°C. W14 and 190-2 were used as induction and regeneration media, respectively, and the basic MS medium as the rooting medium. No green plants were produced from the tetraploids, which supports the view that the D-genome chromosomes are necessary for androgenic response in wheat. Furthermore, the Canadian cultivars performed better after 18-day pre-treatment at 4°C. The extracted tetraploids produced fewer embryoids and performed better after seven days of cold pre-treatment. The controls well responding to anther culture performed better than the Canadian cultivars, although their best response was recorded after seven-day cold pre-treatment. Cultivar Vergina produced no green plants. The presence of mannitol influenced negatively both embryoid and green plant production. It was concluded that the D genome plays a crucial role in anther culture response of wheat and that this response is influenced by both the genotype and the duration of cold pre-treatment.

The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

Reciprocal substitutions analysis of embryo induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaemi ◽  
A. Sarrafi ◽  
R. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Total Plant

Reciprocal substitutions for all chromosomes between the hard red winter wheat cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne were used to investigate the effects of individual chromosomes, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, on androgenesis. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Six experiments, two for each genome, were performed. In each experiment, 14 substitution lines, their 14 duplicate lines, and the two parental genotypes ('Cheyenne' and 'Wichita') were studied. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. 'Wichita' and 'Cheyenne' differed significantly in embryo yield and green plant regeneration (except green plant regeneration for the B-genome tests) and were equal for albino and total plant regeneration. Embryogenesis was influenced by some chromosomes of the A, B, and D genomes; green plant production was influenced by all chromosomes of the A and D genomes except 5D; albino and total plant regeneration were affected by some chromosomes of the B and D genomes. Reciprocal effects were obtained with chromosomes 1A, 7A, 1B, 5B, 1D, and 2D for embryogenesis, chromosomes 2D and 7D for green plant regeneration, and chromosome 2D for total plant regeneration. Reciprocal substitution lines revealed reciprocal effects of homologous chromosomes, as well as interactions between substituted chromosomes and their specific genetic background.Key words: anther culture, reciprocal effect, substitution lines, Triticum aestivum, embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Analysis of Sequence Variation and Green Plant Regeneration via Anther Culture in Barley

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Piotr Tomasz Bednarek ◽  
Renata Orłowska ◽  
Dariusz Rafał Mańkowski ◽  
Sylwia Oleszczuk ◽  
Jacek Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Green Plants

The process of anther culture involves numerous abiotic stresses required for cellular reprogramming, microspore developmental switch, and plant regeneration. These stresses affect DNA methylation patterns, sequence variation, and the number of green plants regenerated. Recently, in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mediation analysis linked DNA methylation changes, copper (Cu2+) and silver (Ag+) ion concentrations, sequence variation, β-glucans, green plants, and duration of anther culture (Time). Although several models were used to explain particular aspects of the relationships between these factors, a generalized complex model employing all these types of data was not established. In this study, we combined the previously described partial models into a single complex model using the structural equation modeling approach. Based on the evaluated model, we demonstrated that stress conditions (such as starvation and darkness) influence β-glucans employed by cells for glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, Cu2+ and Ag+ ions affect DNA methylation and induce sequence variation. Moreover, these ions link DNA methylation with green plants. The structural equation model also showed the role of time in relationships between parameters included in the model and influencing plant regeneration via anther culture. Utilization of structural equation modeling may have both scientific and practical implications, as it demonstrates links between biological phenomena (e.g., culture-induced variation, green plant regeneration and biochemical pathways), and provides opportunities for regulating these phenomena for particular biotechnological purposes.

scholarly journals Androgenous ability of heterozygous wheat genotypes and cytological characteristics of green regenerants

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Branka Ljevnaic ◽  
Ankica Kondic-Sipka ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 8 heterozygous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were analyzed in anther culture. Cytological characteristics of green regenerants were also analyzed. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in their androgenous and regeneration abilities. The average androgenous capacity of all genotypes was 4.4% ranging from 0.7% (Prima/Hueguen) to 11.0% (NS173-98/NS164-98). The average callus yield was 8.7%. The genotype Banks/F53-70 produced the highest number of green plants (33 green plants), while the genotype Banks/Pobeda showed no green plant regeneration ability. The frequency of albino plants ranged between 0% (Banks/Rodna) and 5.3% (Anastasija/Radika). A total of 61 green and 61 albino plants were regenerated. The results of cytological analysis showed that, from the total number of regenerated green plants, 40.9% were haploids and 59.1% were spontaneous double haploids.

scholarly journals In vitro shoot regeneration through anther culture of Brassica spp.

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sayem ◽  
M Maniruzzaman ◽  
SS Siddique ◽  
M Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
The Media

The experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of three different genotypes (BARI Sarisha-6, BARI Sarisha-8, and BARI Sarisha-11) in two different media viz., MS and B5 with different concentrations of phytohormone (2, 4-D) for callus induction from uninucleate stage anthers of Brassica and subsequent plant regeneration in MS media with different concentrations of phytohormone (BAP and NAA). Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for all the parameters of callus induction. The performance of BARI Sarisha-6 was poor compared to others. Maximum rate of callus induction (%) was observed in MS + 0.5 mg/L 2, 4-D followed by B5 + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The media combination MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D showed the best performance for maintenance of calli. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes and media composition for shoot regeneration. Among the genotypes, BARI Sarisha-8 showed the best performance for shoot regeneration followed by BARJ Sarisha-l1. The genotype BARI Sarisha-8 produced higher percent of shoots/calli and required minimum days for shoot initiation. Higher percent calli without shoot were produced by the genotype BARI Sarisha-6. The media combination MS + 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA showed the best performance for shoot regeneration and required maximum days for shoot initiation. Keywords: Regeneration; BARI Sarisha-6; BARI Sarisha-8; BARI Sarisha-11; anther culture; phytohormone  DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5896Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 331-341, June 2010

scholarly journals Impact of Ionic Liquids on Induction of Wheat Microspore Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Magdalena Magaj ◽  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Jerzy Nawracała
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

Ionic liquids are novel compounds with unique chemical and physical properties. They can be received based on synthetic auxins like 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or dicamba, which are commonly used hormones in microspore embryogenesis. Nevertheless, ionic liquids have not been adapted in plant in vitro culture thus far. Therefore, we studied the impact of ionic liquids on the ability to undergo microspore embryogenesis in anther cultures of wheat. Two embryogenic and two recalcitrant genotypes were used for this study. Ten combinations of ionic liquids and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid were added to the induction medium. In most cases, they stimulated induction of microspore embryogenesis and green plant regeneration more than a control medium supplemented with only 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Two treatments were the most favorable, resulting in over two times greater efficiency of microspore embryogenesis induction in comparison to the control. The effect of breaking down the genotype recalcitrance (manifested by green plant formation) was observed under the influence of 5 ionic liquids treatments. Summing up, ionic liquids had a positive impact on microspore embryogenesis induction and green plant regeneration, increasing the efficiency of these phenomena in both embryogenic and recalcitrant genotypes. Herbicidal ionic liquids can be successfully used in in vitro cultures.

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