Chromosome rearrangement patterns of an SD chromosome (SDKona-2) in Drosophila melanogaster caused by hybrid dysgenesis

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Ault
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Segregation Distorter ◽  
Chromosome Mutation ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

The types and frequencies of spontaneous chromosome rearrangements caused by hybrid dysgenesis were studied in a second chromosome autosome of Drosophila melanogaster. This second chromosome, being an SD chromosome, had two important advantages over other autosomes for this study: (i) it had the two inversions characteristic of a standard SD-72 chromosome type, which distinguished it from its homolog in polytene chromosome spreads, and (ii) because of the meiotic drive associated with the segregation distorter system, it was preferentially transmitted to the next generation. The chromosome mutation frequency of this chromosome (given the name SDKona-2) was 8.3 and 11.7% in the F2 and F3 generations, respectively. The types of new chromosome rearrangements observed in the first four generations included paracentric inversions, pericentric inversions, duplications, deletions, reciprocal translocations (involving the third chromosome), and transpositions. Small paracentric inversions were the most common type of new rearrangement. Later, over 35 generations, some of these new rearrangements changed, either by becoming more complex or by being replaced with yet another new chromosome rearrangement. Duplications were unstable and were replaced by paracentric inversions whose breakpoints were on either side of the duplication. Transpositions arose both from a single multibreak event and from a series of two-break events.Key words: chromosome rearrangements, hybrid dysgenesis, segregation distorter, Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals HIGH RATES OF OCCURRENCE OF SPONTANEOUS CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Osamu Yamaguchi ◽  
Ricardo A Cardellino ◽  
Terumi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Recessive Lethal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

ABSTRACT Spontaneous mutations were accumulated for 40 generations in 140 unrelated second chromosomes with the standard gene arrangement. These were extracted from the same population by using the marked inversion technique, and the following findings were obtained: (1) In 42 out of the 140 chromosome lines, chromosome aberrations were detected by examining the salivary gland chromosomes: 40 paracentric and 15 pericentric inversions, 2 reciprocal translocations between the second and the third chromosomes, and 6 transpositions. (2) In 63 out of the 90 originally lethal-free lines, recessive lethal mutations occurred. (3) There were only 3 lines that acquired chromosome aberrations (inversions) with no lethal effects in the homozygous condition. (4) In a comparison of these results with those of the (CH), (PQ), and (RT) chromosomes in which no chromosome aberrations occurred after accumulating mutations for 22058 chromosome·generations (Yamaguchi and Mukai 1974), it was concluded that some of these 140 chromosomes carried a kind of mutator. (5) The frequency of mutator-carrying chromosome lines was estimated to be 0.66 on the basis of the distribution of the break-points on the chromosome lines and the frequency of lines that acquired neither recessive lethal mutations nor chromosome aberrations. Thus, the average number of breaks per mutator-carrying chromosome was estimated to be about 0.19/generation. On the basis of these estimates, the nature of the mutator factor was discussed.

RADIATION INDUCED RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS AND INVERSIONS IN ANOPHELES ALBIMANUS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Kaiser ◽  
J. A. Seawright ◽  
M. Q. Benedict ◽  
S. Narang ◽  
S. G. Suguna
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Homozygous Translocation ◽  
Paracentric Inversions ◽  
Heterozygous Translocation

Reciprocal translocations and inversions were induced in Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann by irradiation of males with X rays. A total of 1669 sperm were assayed, and 175 new aberrations were identified as follows: 102 reciprocal translocations (67 autosomal and 35 sex-linked), 45 pericentric inversions, and 28 paracentric inversions. Eleven of the translocations were nearly whole-arm interchanges, and these were selected for the construction of "capture systems" for compound chromosomes. Two double-heterozygous translocation strains and four homozygous translocation strains were established. Anopheles albimanus females were irradiated, and a pseudolinkage scheme involving mutant markers was employed to identify reciprocal translocations. The irradiation of females was very inefficient: only one translocation was recovered from 1080 ova tested.

scholarly journals VARIATION OF SPONTANEOUS OCCURRENCE RATES OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN THE SECOND CHROMOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1221
Author(s):  
Osamu Yamaguchi ◽  
Terumi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Paracentric Inversions ◽  
Spontaneous Occurrence

ABSTRACT After accumulating mutations by the aid of marked inversions, spontaneous occurrence rates of chromosome aberrations were estimated for 1148 chromosome lines that originated from five stem line second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. In chromosome lines originating from three stem chromosomes (CH, PQ, and RT), mutations were accumulated for 7550, 7252, and 7256 chromosome generations, respectively, but no structural change was detected. For the chromosome lines that originated from the other two stem chromosomes, the situation was different: Twenty aberrations (19 paracentric inversions and 1 translocation between the second and the third chromosomes) during 45990 chromosome generations took place in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (AW), and 92 aberrations (83 paracentric inversions, 6 pericentric inversions, 2 translocations between the second and the third chromosomes and 1 transposition) arose during 45006 chromosome generations in the 500 chromosome lines derived from stem line chromosome (JH). For the AW group the occurrence rate becomes 0.00043 per chromosome per generation for all aberrations and 0.00041 for inversions. For the JH group the corresponding rates are 0.00204 and 0.00198, respectively.—A non-random distribution of the breakpoint on the salivary gland chromosome was observed and the breakpoints were concentrated in the regions 26, 29, 33, and 34.—The cytoplasms and the chromosomes (other than the second chromosomes) were made approximately uniform throughout the experiments. Thus, this remarkable variability in the occurrence rate is most probably due to the differences in one or more chromosomal elements on the original five stem chromosomes. The mutable chromosomes (AW and JH) appear to carry a kind of mutator factor such as hi (Ives 1950).

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC MAPPING OF ENZYME LOCI ON CHROMOSOMES J AND U OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-926
Author(s):  
W Pinsker ◽  
D Sperlich
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Cytogenetic Mapping ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Pericentric Inversions ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

ABSTRACT Enzyme loci located on chromosome J and U were mapped cytologically by means of a Y translocation technique. A linkage map of the two chromosomes was established in a parallel experiment and the recombination frequency in different regions of the chromosomes determined. A comparison of the cytogenetic localization of the enzyme genes in D. subobscura and D. melanogaster indicates that many paracentric inversions must have taken place in the course of divergent evolution. However, no displacements of genes from one element to another due to pericentric inversions, reciprocal translocations or transposing elements can be observed. In spite of the large number of structural rearrangements that have occurred in the phylogeny of the genus Drosophila, gross similarities of banding pattern in homologous regions of the chromosomes of the two species become apparent.

Synteny Conservation and Chromosome Rearrangements During Mammalian Evolution

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ehrlich ◽  
David Sankoff ◽  
Joseph H Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Mammalian Evolution ◽  
Comparative Genome Analysis ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Comparative Genome ◽  
Strong Selection ◽  
Synteny Conservation

Abstract An important problem in comparative genome analysis has been defining reliable measures of synteny conservation. The published analytical measures of synteny conservation have limitations. Nonindependence of comparisons, conserved and disrupted syntenies that are as yet unidentified, and redundant rearrangements lead to systematic errors that tend to overestimate the degree of conservation. We recently derived methods to estimate the total number of conserved syntenies within the genome, counting both those that have already been described and those that remain to be discovered. With this method, we show that ~65% of the conserved syntenies have already been identified for humans and mice, that rates of synteny disruption vary ~25-fold among mammalian lineages, and that despite strong selection against reciprocal translocations, inter-chromosome rearrangements occurred approximately fourfold more often than inversions and other intra-chromosome rearrangements, at least for lineages leading to humans and mice.

scholarly journals SITE-SPECIFIC INSTABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: EVIDENCE FOR TRANSPOSITION OF DESTABILIZING ELEMENT

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-476
Author(s):  
Todd R Laverty ◽  
J K Lim
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Lethal Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosome Break ◽  
Secondary Mutation ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Normal Sequence ◽  
Lethal Mutations

ABSTRACT In this study, we show that at least one lethal mutation at the 3F-4A region of the X chromosome can generate an array of chromosome rearrangements, all with one chromosome break in the 3F-4A region. The mutation at 3F-4A (secondary mutation) was detected in an X chromosome carrying a reverse mutation of an unstable lethal mutation, which was mapped in the 6F1-2 doublet (primary mutation). The primary lethal mutation at 6F1-2 had occurred in an unstable chromosome (Uc) described previously (Lim 1979). Prior to reversion, the 6F1-2 mutation had generated an array of chromosome rearrangements, all having one break in the 6F1-2 doublet (Lim 1979, 1980). In the X chromosomes carrying the 3F-4A secondary lethal mutation the 6F1-2 doublet was normal and stable, as was the 3F-4A region in the X chromosome carrying the primary lethal mutation. The disappearance of the instability having a set of genetic properties at one region (6F1-2) accompanied by its appearance elsewhere in the chromosome (3F-4A) implies that a transposition of the destabilizing element took place. The mutant at 3F-4A and other secondary mutants exhibited all but one (reinversion of an inversion to the normal sequence) of the eight properties of the primary lethal mutations. These observations support the view that a transposable destabilizing element is responsible for the hypermutability observed in the unstable chromosome and its derivaties.

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