The genome origin and evolution of hexaploid Triticum crassum and Triticum syriacum determined from variation in repeated nucleotide sequences

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bin Zhang ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hexaploid Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Aegilops Crassa

Hexaploid Triticum crassum Aitch &Hemsl. (syn. Aegilops crassa Boiss.) and Triticum syriacum Bowden [syn. Aegilops crassa Boiss. var. palaestina Eig, Aegilops vavilovii (Zhuk.) Chen.] are members of the T. crassum complex. Previous studies suggested that they have the D genomes of T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmalh., but the sources of the other genomes of these species remain uncertain. In the present investigation, variation in 27 repeated nucleotide sequences and the 5S rRNA loci was used to determine the genome origin of these hexaploid species. This study indicated that the two hexaploid species share two pairs of genomes that were contributed by a common ancestral tetraploid with a genome formula DcDcXX. It was concluded that the Dc genome was contributed by ancient T. tauschii and the X genome by an extinct species, possibly a species that was ancestral to the entire genus Triticum L. sensu Bowden except for T. tauschii. The third genome of hexaploid T. crassum is virtually identical to the D genome of extant T. tauschii and that of T. syriacum is identical to the Sse genome of T. searsii (syn. Aegilops searsii Feldman et Kislev). The genome formula of hexaploid T. crassum was proposed to be DcDcXXDD and that of T. syriacum DcDcXXSseSse to reflect the results reported here. The present study suggested that the apparent modification of the Dc and X genomes of the hexaploids resulted from evolutionary divergence.Key words: Triticum, Aegilops, Aegilops crassa, Aegilops vavilovii, phylogeny.

The occurrence of hybrid semi-lethals and the cytology of Triticum macha and Triticum vavilovi

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sachs
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gene Combination ◽  
Hexaploid Species ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
Sterile Hybrids ◽  
Triticum Macha

1. A semi-lethal gene combination has been found in hexaploid species hybrids involving some strains of Triticum macha, but not in comparable hybrids involving other strains of T. macha. The production of these semi-lethal hybrids can be explained by the interaction of two genes designated as ma and mb.2. The gene ma is carried in some strains of T. macha. The gene mb is carried in the third chromosome set of all other hexaploid species of Triticum, in Aegilops squarrosa and in Aeg. cylindrica.3. The semi-lethal gene combination has been found between species which would otherwise produce fertile hybrids and between species which would otherwise produce sterile hybrids. The semilethal gene combination occurs between species which do not overlap geographically.4. The distribution of the genes ma and mb shows that the gene ma originated in T. macha and that the gene mb originated in Aeg. squarrosa and was introduced from there, during the course of evolution, into the hexaploid species of Triticum (probably excluding T. macha) and into Aeg. cylindrica.5. Meiosis in semi-lethal plants was comparable to meiosis in normal plants. But the semi-lethal plants showed a reduction in fertility, probably as a result of their poor vegetative growth.6. The chromosomes of T. macha and T. vavilovi have been no more structurally differentiated than the chromosomes of the other hexaploid species of Triticum.7. The present study has confirmed that the third chromosome set of the genus Triticum has been phylogenetically derived from Aeg. squarrosa.

The evolution of polyploid wheats: identification of the A genome donor species

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák ◽  
Pantaleo di Terlizzi ◽  
Hong-Bin Zhang ◽  
Paolo Resta
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sequence Profiles ◽  
Donor Species

Cytogenetic work has shown that the tetraploid wheats, Triticum turgidum and T. timopheevii, and the hexaploid wheat T. aestivum have one pair of A genomes, whereas hexaploid T. zhukovskyi has two. Variation in 16 repeated nucleotide sequences was used to identify sources of the A genomes. The A genomes of T. turgidum, T. timopheevii, and T. aestivum were shown to be contributed by T. urartu. Little divergence in the repeated nucleotide sequences was detected in the A genomes of these species from the genome of T. urartu. In T. zhukovskyi one A genome was contributed by T. urartu and the other was contributed by T. monococcum. It is concluded that T. zhukovskyi originated from hybridization of T. timopheevii with T. monococcum. The repeated nucleotide sequence profiles in the A genomes of T. zhukovskyi showed reduced correspondence with those in the genomes of both ancestral species, T. urartu and T. monococcum. This differentiation is attributed to heterogenetic chromosome pairing and segregation among chromosomes of the two A genomes in T. zhukovskyi.Key words: phylogeny, Triticum, Aegilops, repeated nucleotide sequences.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

Avoiding Shame and Guilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Shame And Guilt

After rejecting the remove–empathy hypothesis (Chapter 4), attention turned to the other two classic egoistic explanations for the motivation to help produced by empathic concern: empathy-specific punishment and empathy-specific reward. This chapter considers two kinds of empathy-specific punishment, shame and guilt. The shame hypothesis claims that we help more when we feel empathic concern because we’re motivated to avoid disapproval and censure from others. The guilt hypothesis says that we’re motivated to avoid self-condemnation for failing to do what we should. Contradicting the shame hypothesis, experiments revealed that even when no one else will know if participants fail to help, empathy still increased helping. Contradicting the guilt hypothesis, participants induced to feel empathy helped more even when provided a good excuse for not helping. Given that neither form of empathy-specific punishment could account for the empathy–helping relationship, our search shifted to the third classic egoistic explanation: pursuing pride.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third

Maximise your exam success with this essential revision guide. The third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine features over 550 Single Best Answer questions. Packed with questions written by practicing clinicians and educators, this revision tool is an authoritative guide on core clinical topics and professional themes. Each question is accompanied by extensive feedback which explains not only the rationale of the correct answer, but why the other options are incorrect. Further reading resources and cross-references to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine have been fully updated to expand your revision further. Progess to exam success with the third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine.

Coping with longitudinal data in research on developmental psychopathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Over Time

Many outcome variables in developmental psychopathology research are highly stable over time. In conventional longitudinal data analytic approaches such as multiple regression, controlling for prior levels of the outcome variable often yields little (if any) reliable variance in the dependent variable for putative predictors to explain. Three strategies for coping with this problem are described. One involves focusing on developmental periods of transition, in which the outcome of interest may be less stable. A second is to give careful consideration to the amount of time allowed to elapse between waves of data collection. The third is to consider trait-state-occasion models that partition the outcome variable into two dimensions: one entirely stable and trait-like, the other less stable and subject to occasion-specific fluctuations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document