Transfer of a gene for stem rust resistance from Triticum araraticum to hexaploid wheat

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Triticum Araraticum

A partially dominant gene for seedling resistance to Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici was transferred from two accessions of Triticum araraticum (PGR 6126 and PGR 6195) to hexaploid wheat by a series of backcrosses. This gene confers an intermediate level (infection type 1+ to 2) of resistance to a large number of P. graminis isolates. Because of linkage with the genes Lr13 (1.0%), Lr23 (4.7%), Lr16 (34.4%), Sr36 (21.9%) and the Sr9 (28.0%) locus, this gene is probably on the short arm of chromosome 2B. It has been assigned the symbol Sr40. No apparent deleterious quality characteristics were associated with the transfer of Sr40. This gene is being combined with the closely linked gene Lr13. This recombinant line should be useful in wheat breeding. The concurrent attempt to transfer resistance to P. recondita from T. araraticum to hexaploid wheat was not successful.Key words: Triticum aestivum, stem rust resistance, Triticum araraticum.

scholarly journals Stem Rust Resistance in A-Genome Diploid Relatives of Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Rouse ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has been effectively controlled through the use of genetic resistance. P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK (Ug99) possesses virulence to many resistance genes that have been used in wheat breeding worldwide. One strategy to aid breeders in developing resistant cultivars is to utilize resistance genes transferred from wild relatives to wheat. Stem rust resistance genes have previously been introgressed from Triticum monococcum to wheat. In order to identify additional resistance genes, we screened 1,061 accessions of T. monococcum and 205 accessions of T. urartu against race TTKSK and four additional P. graminis f. sp. tritici races: TTTTF, TRTTF, QFCSC, and MCCFC. A high frequency of the accessions (78.7% of T. monococcum and 93.0% of T. urartu) were resistant to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TTKSK, with infection types ranging from 0 to 2+. Among these resistant accessions, 55 T. monococcum accessions (6.4% of the total) were also resistant to the other four races. Associations of resistance in T. monococcum germplasm to different races indicated the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple races. Comparing the observed infection type patterns to the expected patterns of known genes indicated that previously uncharacterized genes for resistance to race TTKSK exist in both T. monococcum and T. urartu.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat “Kronos”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongna Li ◽  
Lei Hua ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Tianya Li ◽  
Shuyong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Or Gene

Wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most devastating fungal diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to addressing this challenge. In this study, we mapped and characterized one stem rust resistance (Sr) gene from the tetraploid durum wheat variety Kronos (temporary designation SrKN). This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B and confers resistance to multiple virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and BCCBC. Using a large mapping population (3,366 gametes), we mapped SrKN within a 0.29 cM region flanked by the sequenced-based markers pku4856F2R2 and pku4917F3R3, which corresponds to 5.6- and 7.2-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes, respectively. Both regions include a cluster of nucleotide binding leucine-repeat (NLR) genes that likely includes the candidate gene. An allelism test failed to detect recombination between SrKN and the previously mapped Sr9e gene. This result, together with the similar seedling resistance responses and resistance profiles, suggested that SrKN and Sr9e may represent the same gene. We introgressed SrKN into common wheat and developed completely linked markers to accelerate its deployment in the wheat breeding programs. SrKN can be a valuable component of transgenic cassettes or gene pyramids that includes multiple resistance genes to control this devastating disease.

The transfer of leaf and stem rust resistance from wild emmer wheats to durum and common wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott ◽  
Dapeng Bai ◽  
Janice Zale
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wild Emmer

Wild emmer wheats (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L.) are potentially valuable sources of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) resistance in breeding both durum (T. turgidum var. durum L.) and common wheat (T. aestivum L.). In an extension of previous work, 11 rust resistant accessions of wild emmer wheat were crossed and backcrossed from two to five times to susceptible durum or common wheats. Genes for leaf or stem rust resistance were transferred singly into several susceptible genotypes. Backcross lines homozygous for resistance to leaf rust were tested with a set of either 9 or 10 leaf rust races and those homozygous for resistance to stem rust were tested with a set of either 10 or 13 stem rust races. The emmer wheats proved to carry a number of genes for resistance to each rust. In most cases, when a cross was made to a hexaploid wheat, resistance to both rusts was suppressed in the F1 seedlings, even when resistance was dominant in the tetraploids. Nevertheless, resistance was successfully transferred from several accessions to the hexaploids, indicating that suppressors on the A or B genome chromosomes were involved and segregation occurred for them. Rust resistance tended to decrease when it was transferred to another species, particularly hexaploid wheat. A number of lines carrying genes for either leaf rust or stem rust resistance were resistant to all races with which they were tested and have potential in wheat breeding. Key words: Emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, stem rust, leaf rust, suppressors

scholarly journals Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in Australian Barley Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1485-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Derevnina ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
R. Brueggeman ◽  
C. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level

Eighty-two Australian and five exotic barley cultivars were evaluated at the seedling stage for resistance to the Australian stem rust pathotype 98-1,2,3,5,6. Although most of these cultivars exhibited mesothetic (mixed infection type) reactions that were associated with a high level of chlorosis, two (‘O'Connor’ and ‘Pacific Ranger’) were highly resistant. Marker analysis indicated that four Australian cultivars (‘Empress’, ‘Vlamingh’, Pacific Ranger, and ‘Yerong’) possess the stem rust resistance gene Rpg1. Tests conducted using North American Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes MCCJ and QCCJ supported marker results and indicated that ‘Pacific Ranger’ and ‘Vlamingh’ likely carry additional stem rust resistance genes. Based on pedigree information and results from multipathotype tests, these genes are believed to be uncharacterized and, therefore, new. The resistance in Australian barley ‘Franklin’ conferred resistance against all pathotypes tested in this study. Studies of inheritance to MCCJ revealed that it possessed an unknown seedling resistance, which was independent of and displayed additivity to Rpg1.

THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO STEM AND CROWN RUST IN KYTO OATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Martens ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
G. Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance

The oat variety Kyto possesses a recessive gene, designated pg-12, which confers seedling resistance to all nine races of oat stem rust tested. This gene is inherited independently of the Pg-2, Pg-4 and pg-9 loci for seedling stem rust resistance. Kyto also possesses a dominant gene, Pc-44, for resistance to crown rust of oats. Gene Pc-44 is inherited independently of the Pg-2, Pg-4 and pg-12 loci but is associated with the pg-9 locus. Resistance conferred by genes pg-12 and Pc-44 is not expressed at constant temperatures of 25°C and above.

THE INHERITANCE OF REACTION TO BLACK STEM RUST OF WHEAT IN A DICOCCUM × VULGARE CROSS

1929 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Harrington ◽  
W. K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Genetical Study ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Black Stem Rust

A genetical study of resistance of wheat to black stem rust, and a plant breeding attack on the rust problem are described. A large F2 population of the cross Vernal (T. dicoccum) × Marquis (T. vulgare) was grown under severe natural epidemic conditions in the field and hundreds of F3 progenies were exposed in the seedling stage, under controlled conditions, to pure physiologic forms of rust. In the field Vernal is highly resistant and Marquis susceptible to most forms of stem rust. Resistance in the field proved incompletely dominant and appeared to be governed by a single genetic factor. Marquis and Vernal were found to differ by one main genetic factor, Rb, for seedling reaction to form 21. This factor Rb, carried by Vernal, also governs seedling resistance to forms 17, 29 and 36 and appears to be responsible for the slight seedling resistance of Vernal to form 27. There was some evidence that the factor Rb is the same factor that controls the resistance of the F2 plants to the forms of rust in the field (forms 17, 21, 29 and 36 were known to be present.) A different factor Ra causes the resistance of Marquis seedlings to form 27. Vernal resistance was not found to be associated closely with the seed shape of that variety nor with its adherence of glumes to the seed.

Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

Transfer to hexaploid wheat of linked genes for adult-plant leaf rust and seedling stem rust resistance from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kerber ◽  
P. L. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Plant Leaf

A partially dominant gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance together with a linked, partially dominant gene for stem rust resistance were transferred to the hexaploid wheat cultivar 'Marquis' from an amphiploid of Aegilops speltoides × Triticum monococcum by direct crossing and backcrossing. Pathological evidence indicated that the alien resistance genes were derived from Ae. speltoides. Differential transmission of the resistance genes through the male gametes occurred in hexaploid hybrids involving the resistant 'Marquis' stock and resulted in distorted segregation ratios. In heterozygotes, pairing between the chromosome arm with the alien segment and the corresponding arm of the normal wheat chromosome was greatly reduced. The apparent close linkage between the two resistance genes, 3 ± 1.07 crossover units, was misleading because of this decrease in pairing in the presence of the 5B diploidizing mechanism. The newly identified gene for adult-plant leaf rust resistance, located on chromosome 2B, is different from adult-plant resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, and Lr22 and from that in the hexaploid accession PI250413; it has been designated Lr35. It is not known whether the newly transferred gene for stem rust resistance differs from Sr32, also derived from Ae. speltoides and located on chromosomes 2B.Key words: hexaploid, Triticum, Aegilops, aneuploid, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia recondita.

BAC-derived markers for assaying the stem rust resistance gene, Sr2, in wheat breeding programs

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. McNeil ◽  
R. Kota ◽  
E. Paux ◽  
D. Dunn ◽  
R. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stem Rust Resistance in Spring Bread Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Shewabez ◽  
Endashaw Bekele ◽  
Admas Alemu ◽  
Laura Mugnai ◽  
Wuletaw Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat

Abstract Background Emerging wheat stem rust races has become a major threat to global wheat production. Finding additional loci responsible for resistance to these races and incorporating them into currently cultivated varieties is the most economical and environmentally sound strategy to combat this problem. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of wheat and to identify the genetic loci conferring resistance to stem rust of wheat. To accomplish this study, 245 elite lines introduced from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) were tested under natural stem rust pressure in the field at the Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. The SNP marker data was retrieved from a 15K SNP wheat array. Association analysis was undertaken between SNP markers and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) value of the stem rust coefficient of infection (CI) using a mixed linear model. Results Phenotypic analysis revealed 46% of lines had a coefficient of infection (CI) between 0 to 19. An average 0.38 in Nei’s gene diversity, 0.20 in polymorphism information content, and 0.71 in major allele frequency of the whole genome were identified.A total of 46 marker-trait associations (MTAs) that were encompassed within 13 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 1B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, and 5A were found for CI. Four major QTLs with –log10 (p) ≥ 3 (EWYP1B.1, EWYP1B.3, EWYP1B.4, and EWYP1B.5) were identified on chromosome 1B. Conclusions This study contributes several novel markers associated with stem rust resistance. These can be further facilitating durable rust resistance development through marker-assisted selection. The resistant wheat genotypes identified in this study are recommended to be used in the national wheat breeding programs to improve stem rust resistance. Key words: markers; Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici; QTL

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