Multivariate analysis of recombination between wild and cultivated genomes within the primary gene pool of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Robert ◽  
A. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Primary Gene

Recombination between wild and cultivated genomes of pearl millet were studied by multivariate analysis on morphological and physiological traits in backcross progenies from four cultivated × wild crosses. The cultivated genotypes, Souna and Thiotandé, have evolved in sympatric and allopatric situations, respectively, with wild forms. The distinct evolutionary history of the cultivated genotypes seems to have an incidence on the segregation pattern of their progenies with the wild relatives. Segregation distortions favouring the recovery of "wild-like" phenotypes were observed in progenies with Thiotandé as the cultivated parent. They are probably a consequence of the genetic divergence between this genotype and wild forms already shown at different levels of observation (histological, physiological, and genetic). On the other hand, when Souna is the cultivated parent, the recovery of "cultivated-like" phenotypes was shown to be easier with Souna as the female. This could be due to preferential homogametic fertilization favouring "Souna-type" gametes on Souna pistils owing to intergametophytic competition through a pollen–pistil interaction, already evidenced on the genotypes used here.Key words: pearl millet, multivariate analysis, segregation distortion, wild/cultivated genome recombination, genetic resources.

WHEAT EVOLUTION

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Breiman ◽  
Dan Graur
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Wheat Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Genomes ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Independent Evolutionary History

Many wild and cultivated wheat species are amphidiploid, i.e., they are polyploid species containing two or more distinct nuclear genomes, each with its own independent evolutionary history, but whose genetic behavior resembles that of diploids. Amphidiploidy has important evolutionary consequences in wheat. Since the beginning of this century different methods have been employed to identify the diploid donors of the coexisting genomes in the polyploids. To date, several of the genomic donors have been identified, and the search for the others has been narrowed down considerably. Molecular methodologies that are being increasingly used in studies aimed at reconstructing the evolutionary history of wheat species and their wild relatives have resolved many of the phylogenetic relationships among the various taxa.

scholarly journals Differences in morphological and physiological leaf characteristics between Tabebuia aurea and T. impetiginosa is related to their typical habitats of occurrence

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pfrimer Capuzzo ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto ◽  
Augusto César Franco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Mass Basis

The genus Tabebuia is representative of the Cerrado biome, occurring in savanna and forest formations. These vegetation types are associated with distinct environmental conditions in terms of water availability, microclimate and soil properties. We compared morphological and physiological traits between Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, which is typical of the savanna vegetation, and T. impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl, which is commonly found in the gallery forests that occur along streams and rivers. Both were sampled in savanna conditions under full sun. The savanna species had higher values of leaf and petiole thickness, specific leaf mass, maximum CO2 assimilation on a leaf area basis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and in leaf concentration of carotenoids. The forest species stood out by higher values of specific leaf area, petiole length and of CO2 assimilation on a mass basis, parameters related to shade tolerance and higher growth rates. This functional distinction in a range of leaf traits that was maintained when both were naturally growing under similar environmental conditions, suggests that these are probably the result of differences in the evolutionary history of the two species in response to the contrasting environmental conditions in the typical habitats where they occur.

Assessment of genome organization among diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) belonging to primary and tertiary gene pools of pearl millet using fluorescent in situ hybridization with rDNA probes

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martel ◽  
A. Ricroch ◽  
A. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Primary Gene

Two contrasting forms of Pennisetum belonging to the primary and tertiary gene pools were assessed for genomic organization using in situ hybridization with rDNA probes (18S–5.8S–25S and 5S) on metaphase and interphase cell nuclei. The primary gene pool is represented by diploid (2n = 2x = 14) cultivated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and its close wild relatives (Pennisetum violaceum and Pennisetum mollissimum). Pennisetum schweinfurthii (2n = 2x = 14) was taken as representative of the tertiary gene pool, owing to its diploid status and its similarity to the accessions of the primary gene pool in chromosome number. Using the 18S–5.8S–25S probe, we observed two sites of distribution in the four species but at different locations. Within the primary gene pool, signals were detected on the telomeric part of the short arm of chromosome pair VI and at the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) of the satellited chromosome pair (VII). Signals were observed at the NOR of the two satellited chromosome pairs (I and IV) of P. schweinfurthii. The 5S probe was detected at the telomeric part of the short arm of metacentric chromosome pair IV of the three species of the primary gene pool, while it occured in an intercalary position on the short arm of chromosome pair II of P. schweinfurthii. These results showed a chromosomal similarity of rDNA sequence locations within the primary gene pool and are in agreement with the high genetic identity between wild and cultivated forms of pearl millet previously revealed by allozyme studies. Implications of genomic organization for genetic resource enhancement are discussed. Key words : Pennisetum, in situ hybridization, rDNA probes, genomic organization.

scholarly journals Evolutionary History of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) and Selection on Flowering Genes since Its Domestication

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clotault ◽  
A.-C. Thuillet ◽  
M. Buiron ◽  
S. De Mita ◽  
M. Couderc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Flowering Genes ◽  
History Of

The Evolution of a ‘Memeplex’ in Late Mozart: Replicated Structures in Pamina's ‘Ach ich fühl's’

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jan
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Richard Dawkins ◽  
Selfish Gene ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Die Zauberflote

‘Memetics’, a concept most elegantly expounded by Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene, asserts that human culture consists of a multitude of units transmitted between individuals by imitation and subject to evolutionary pressures. Such particles, ‘memes’, are broadly analogous to the genes of biological transmission. Four late pieces of Mozart's, including Pamina's aria ‘Ach ich fühl's’ from Die Zauberflöte, are examined in terms of the meme concept and a conglomeration, or ‘memeplex’, consisting of seven memes is identified within them. The nature of the musical memeplex, in this specific case and also more generally, is considered, particularly from the perspective of its location at different levels of the structural hierarchy. The evolutionary history of some of Mozart's memes is examined with reference to selected passages from works of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Finally, relationships between the musical memes under investigation and memes in the verbal-conceptual realm are explored.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makenzie E Mabry ◽  
Sarah D Turner ◽  
Evan Y. Gallagher ◽  
A C McAlvay ◽  
Hong An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
History Of

Understanding the evolutionary history of crops, including identifying wild relatives, helps to provide insight for designing new approaches in crop breeding efforts. Cultivated Brassica oleracea has intrigued researchers for centuries due to its wide diversity in forms, which include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts. Yet, the evolutionary history of this species remains understudied. With such different vegetables produced from a single species, B. oleracea is a model organism for understanding the power of artificial selection. Persistent challenges in the study of B. oleracea include conflicting hypotheses regarding domestication and the identity of the closest living wild relative. Using a diversity panel of 224 accessions, which represents 14 different B. oleracea crop types and nine potential wild progenitor species, we integrate phylogenetic and population genetic techniques with ecological niche modeling, archaeological, and literary evidence to examine relationships among cultivars and wild relatives to clarify the origin of this horticulturally important species. Our analyses point to the Aegean endemic B. cretica as the closest living relative of cultivated B. oleracea, supporting an origin of cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Additionally, we identify several feral lineages, suggesting that cultivated plants of this species are able to revert to a wild-like state with relative ease. By expanding our understanding of the evolutionary history in B. oleracea, these results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on crop domestication that will facilitate continued breeding efforts including adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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