Genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparup Das ◽  
B. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Chromosome Inversions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

To study the genetic differentiation and inversion clines in Indian natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster, 14 natural populations (6 from the north and 8 from the south) were screened for chromosome inversions. The chromosomal analysis revealed the presence of 23 paracentric inversions, which include 4 common cosmopolitan, 4 rare cosmopolitan, 2 recurrent endemic, and 13 unique endemic (new inversions detected for the first time) inversions. The difference in karyotype frequencies between populations from the north and south were highly significant and the level of inversion heterozygosity was higher in populations from the south. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between each of the four common cosmopolitan inversions and latitude. These findings are in accord with results from other worldwide geographic regions and show that Indian populations of D. melanogaster have undergone considerable genetic differentiation at the level of inversion polymorphism.Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, Indian natural populations, chromosome inversions, genetic differentiation, north–south clines.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Rama S Singh ◽  
Donal A Hickey ◽  
Jean David
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.

scholarly journals Study of Social Capital in the North and South Neighborhoods (The Case of Sari City, Iran)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ghorbanali Ebrahimi ◽  
Hadi Razeghimaleh ◽  
Ali Babazadeh ◽  
Sabah Motevalian
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
The South ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The North ◽  
Neighborhood Social Capital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North And South

The main objective of this study was to find answer to this question as whether there is a difference in the social capital between the North and South urban neighborhoods. The data of the current study were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included subjects aged 18 and above, and sample size consisted of 450 people.The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference between North and South neighborhoods of Sari, Iran, with regard to the neighborhood social capital. This means that the mean social capital in the South of city (3.58 out of 5) was higher than that of North of city (1.78 out of 5). The difference was also true for all aspects of neighborhood social capital in North and South urban neighborhoods of Sari. Furthermore, in all aspects of neighborhood social capital, the South neighborhoods had a higher mean value than North urban neighborhoods.

Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interbasin Exchange ◽  
North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

Four new Burmese species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from distantly related parapatric clades from the Shan Plateau and Salween Basin

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4758 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LEE GRISMER ◽  
PERRY L. JR. WOOD ◽  
EVAN S. H. QUAH ◽  
MYINT KYAW THURA ◽  
JAMIE R. OAKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The South ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Northwestern Thailand

An integrative taxonomic analysis based on morphology, color pattern, and the mitochondrial gene ND2 recovered four new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker that are endemic to the Shan Plateau or Salween Basin in eastern Myanmar. Hemiphyllodactylus ngwelwini sp. nov. from the Shan Plateau is part of the earlier described “eastern Myanmar clade” renamed herein as the north lineage and H. kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. and H. pinlaungensis sp. nov. of the Shan Plateau and H. zwegabinensis sp. nov. of the Salween Basin compose an entirely new Burmese clade herein referred to as the south lineage. Although the north and south lineages come within 46 km of one another on the Shan Plateau, they are not sister lineages but sequentially separated by two lineages from Yunnan, China and another from northwestern Thailand. Hemiphyllodactylus zwegabinensis sp. nov. is the first species of this genus to be recorded from the Salween Basin and is known only from a wind-blown cloud forest on the top of the insular, karstic mountain Zwegabin in Kayin State. All other Burmese species except for H. typus, are endemic to the various localities throughout the Shan Plateau. These four new species bring the total number of Hemiphyllodactylus in Myanmar to at least 10 which is certainly an extreme underestimate of the diversity of this genus given that we discover new species at every upland locality we survey. 

II.—Sedgwick Museum Notes

1906 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Cowper Reed
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
North American ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Generic Position ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
First Time

A Small collection of fossils from the Bokkeveld Beds has recently been sent to me for identification by the South African Museum, and some of them have been generously presented to the Sedgwick Museum. Amongst this material it is interesting to find some genera not previously recorded from the Cape and some new species. The majority of the specimens are in the condition of internal casts, and hence present especial difficulties in their determination, so that in a few cases some uncertainty must remain as to the generic position of the fossils. However, I am able to record for the first time from these beds the occurrence of the well-known lamellibranchiate genus Buchiola, and of a shell which may be identified with Nyussa arguta, Hall, of the North American Devonian. The genus Buchiola occurs in argillaceous nodules from the Zwartberg Pass crowded with individuals of the species which I have named B. subpalmata and with a few examples of an undetermined species. No other associated fossils can be recognised in these nodules, but I am informed that an abundant fauna is found in the beds at this locality.

The Difference of Being Overweight or Obese between the North and South of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisheng Tang ◽  
Tao Bu ◽  
Yahong Liu ◽  
Xuefan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Related Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North And South

Abstract Objectives: The geographical environment, dietary culture, food patterns, and obesity rates are substantially different between the North and South of China. Determining the geographical distribution and local dietary patterns involved in being overweight or obese is useful for designing intervention strategies. Methods: Residents between 18 and 65 years old (n=10,863) from 11 Chinese provinces (five Northern provinces and six Southern provinces) were selected to compare dietary patterns, BMI, and health-related information from the China Health and Nutrition Survey packages in 2011. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the strength of the association among geographic variables, the obesity problem, and dietary patterns. Results: The overall prevalence of being overweight or obese was 10.51% higher in the North than in the South. Northern dietary patterns feature a high intake of wheat and soybeans, whereas Southern dietary patterns feature a high intake of rice, vegetables, meat, and poultry. The estimated coefficient of regional variables surrounding dietary score is 1.494; surrounding the odds ratio for being overweight is 1.681, whereas surrounding the odds ratio for obesity is 2.035. Multivariate logistic regression including both the variable of South–North areas and Northern dietary patterns showed a significant correlation with being overweight or obese. Conclusion: Northern areas and their local dietary patterns are more likely to contribute to being overweight or obese. These findings provide support for tracking the progression of obesity, epidemics, and policies that target the ‘‘obesogenic’’ environment, promoting opportunities for persons to access healthy dietary patterns and nutritional balance.

Decolonising cities of the global South in the classroom and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Astrid Wood
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
The South ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South

In the post-colonial context, the global South has become the approved nomenclature for the non-European, non-Western parts of the world. The term promises a departure from post-colonial development geographies and from the material and discursive legacies of colonialism by ostensibly blurring the bifurcations between developed and developing, rich and poor, centre and periphery. In concept, the post-colonial literature mitigates the disparity between cities of the North and South by highlighting the achievements of elsewhere. But what happens when we try to teach this approach in the classroom? How do we locate the South without relying on concepts of otherness? And how do we communicate the importance of the South without re-creating the regional hierarchies that have dominated for far too long? This article outlines the academic arguments before turning to the opportunities and constraints associated with delivering an undergraduate module that teaches post-colonial concepts without relying on colonial constructs.

Debating the South in Unified Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-214
Author(s):  
Stefan Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Nation State Formation ◽  
North And South

The history of modern Italy is an illustrative example of the different social and spatial layers of the North–South divide. Since unification in 1861, Italy has struggled to overcome regional imbalances, mainly although not exclusively along a North–South axis. With an emphasis on the period following unification, when North-South was placed at the centre of national politics, this chapter surveys the lingering debates on Italy’s so-called Southern question and the dynamics of nation-state formation in which it is embedded. The contested history of this process includes debates over economic and moral debts caused by the uneven distribution of gains and sacrifices between North and South as a result of unification. Socio-economically, two North–South divides developed in parallel after unification; the more significant one between Italy and transalpine Europe, and the initially minor but eventually growing divergence between the northern and southern regions within Italy. The ideas of development, catching-up and “Europeanization” were recurring themes in the intellectual and political debates discussed in the chapter. The contested issue was whether the North was developing the South, or vice versa.

Under the Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-115
Author(s):  
Avraham Faust
Keyword(s):  
Seventh Century ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
First Time

Chapter 4 (‘Under the Empire: Settlement and Demography in the Southwestern Margins of the Assyrian Empire in the Seventh Century BCE’) describes the settlement and demography in the period of Assyrian control. Comparing the detailed information available from the region with that provided in Chapter 2 allows us to estimate what were the consequences of the imperial takeover. The evidence shows that the provinces in the north were mostly devastated, whereas the client kingdoms prospered and, moreover, for the first time in history the south flourished more than the north. The dramatic decline in the north is also exemplified by the large number of place names that were forgotten following the Assyrian conquests. The chapter ends with an appendix on the demographic significance of deportations.

scholarly journals Measuring the local dark matter density with LAMOST DR5 and Gaia DR2

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (4) ◽  
pp. 4828-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Shude Mao ◽  
Xiang-Xiang Xue ◽  
R J Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
Dark Matter Density ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Data ◽  
Data Release ◽  
The Difference ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT We apply the vertical Jeans equation to the kinematics of Milky Way stars in the solar neighbourhood to measure the local dark matter density. More than 90 000 G- and K-type dwarf stars are selected from the cross-matched sample of LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope) fifth data release and Gaia second data release for our analyses. The mass models applied consist of a single exponential stellar disc, a razor thin gas disc, and a constant dark matter density. We first consider the simplified vertical Jeans equation that ignores the tilt term and assumes a flat rotation curve. Under a Gaussian prior on the total stellar surface density, the local dark matter density inferred from Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations is $0.0133_{-0.0022}^{+0.0024}\ {\rm M}_{\odot }\, {\rm pc}^{-3}$. The local dark matter densities for subsamples in an azimuthal angle range of −10° < ϕ < 5° are consistent within their 1σ errors. However, the northern and southern subsamples show a large discrepancy due to plateaux in the northern and southern vertical velocity dispersion profiles. These plateaux may be the cause of the different estimates of the dark matter density between the north and south. Taking the tilt term into account has little effect on the parameter estimations and does not explain the north and south asymmetry. Taking half of the difference of σz profiles as unknown systematic errors, we then obtain consistent measurements for the northern and southern subsamples. We discuss the influence of the vertical data range, the scale height of the tracer population, the vertical distribution of stars, and the sample size on the uncertainty of the determination of the local dark matter density.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document