Bkm satellite DNA and ZFY in the coral reef fish Anthias squamipinnis

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wachtel ◽  
Suzanne Demas ◽  
Terrence Tiersch ◽  
Peter Pechan ◽  
Douglas Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Human Y Chromosome

We studied DNA from the protogynous sex-changing fish Anthias squamipinnis to evaluate the recent observation that male-specific bands are identified after hybridization with Bkm, a probe originating in the W chromosome of the snake Bungarus fasciatus. Sex-specific hybridization would imply modification of DNA structure during the sex-changing process. No sex-specific Bkm fragments were identified in our study, after digestion of DNA from 15 males and 11 adult females, despite the use of 12 different restriction enzymes. However, hybridization with Bkm did produce a distinct fingerprint pattern, similar to the fingerprint patterns described for other species after hybridization with GATA (GACA) type probes. In other experiments, the pDP1007 probe, which identifies the ZFY gene in the male-determining region of the human Y chromosome, generated identical hybridization patterns in DNA from males and females of A. squamipinnis and estimation of DNA mass by flow cytometry revealed identical genome sizes.Key words: Bkm satellite DNA, sex determination, sex change, ZFY, pDP1007, genome size.

Facultative heterochromatization in parahaploid male mealybugs: involvement of a heterochromatin-associated protein

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3809-3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bongiorni ◽  
Milena Mazzuoli ◽  
Stefania Masci ◽  
Giorgio Prantera
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Chromosomal Protein ◽  
Paternal Chromosome ◽  
Localization Pattern ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein

The behavior of chromosomes during development of the mealybug Planococcus citri provides one of the most dramatic examples of facultative heterochromatization. In male embryos, the entire haploid paternal chromosome set becomes heterochromatic at mid-cleavage. Male mealybugs are thus functionally haploid, owing to heterochromatization (parahaploidy). To understand the mechanisms underlying facultative heterochromatization in male mealybugs, we have investigated the possible involvement of an HP-1-like protein in this process. HP-1 is a conserved, nonhistone chromosomal protein with a proposed role in heterochromatinization in other species. It was first identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a protein enriched in the constitutive heterochromatin of polytene chromosome. Using a monoclonal antibody raised against the Drosophila HP-1 in immunoblot and immunocytological experiments, we provide evidence for the presence of an HP-1-like in Planococcus citri males and females. In males, the HP-1-like protein is preferentially associated with the male-specific heterochromatin. In the developing male embryos, its appearance precedes the onset of heterochromatization. In females, the HP-1-like protein displays a scattered but reproducible localization pattern along chromosomes. The results indicate a role for an HP-1-like protein in the facultative heterochromatization process.

scholarly journals FINGERPRINT PATTERN CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED CHILDREN - AN ORIGINAL STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Meril Ann Soman ◽  
Ramakrishna Avadhani ◽  
Rani Nallathamby ◽  
Meera Jacob ◽  
Charly Chacko Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Original Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Intellectually Disabled ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
Loop Pattern ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractFingerprint patterns are unique patterns made by friction ridges and furrows present on the pads of finger tips. Uniqueness and persistence are the two underlying features of fingerprint patterns. Aim of this present study was to determine the differences in the incidence of fingerprint patterns in intellectually disabled children compared to normal healthy children. Intellectual disability is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood and is characterized by limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior. The present study comprising of 120 students (60 intellectually disabled and 60 controls) was carried out in Pediatrics outpatient department, Yenepoya Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore. The incidence of the four fingerprint patterns (Ulnar loop, Radial loop, Whorls and Arches) were determined in both the groups. Ulnar loop pattern had the highest incidence in both the groups and the least incidence was shown by arch pattern. There exists difference in the frequency of the fingerprint patterns in males and females of both the groups. The study was conducted to observe for any difference in the incidence of fingerprint patterns between intellectually disabled and normal children.

scholarly journals Natural history of Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 (Araneae, Ctenidae) I: observations on habitats and the development of chromatic patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. ALMEIDA ◽  
E. F. RAMOS ◽  
E. GOUVÊA ◽  
M. do CARMO-SILVA ◽  
J. COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Phoneutria Nigriventer

Ctenus medius Keyserling, 1891 is a common species in several spots of Mata Atlântica, however there is a great lack of studies in all aspects of its natural history. This work aims to elucidate aspects of ecotope preference compared to large spiders, and to provide data on the development of chromatic patterns during its life cycle. The observations on the behavior of C. medius were done in the campus of Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa (UBM) by means of observations and nocturnal collections using cap lamps. For observations on the development of chromatic patterns, spiderlings raised in laboratory, hatched from an oviposition of a female from campus of UBM, and others spiderlings collected in field were used. The field observations indicate that: C. medius seems to prefer ecotopes characterized by dense shrub vegetation or herbal undergrowth; Lycosa erythrognatha and L. nordeskioldii seems to prefer open sites; Phoneutria nigriventer seems to prefer shrub vegetation and anthropogenic ecotopes as rubbish hills; Ancylometes sp. seems to prefer ecotopes near streams. Concerning chromatic patterns, it was observed that males and females show well distinct patterns during the last two instars, allowing distinction by sex without the use of a microscope. Through chromatic patterns it was also possible to draw a distinction between C. medius and C. ornatus longer that 3 mm cephalothorax width. 69 specimens of C. medius (males and females) collected in the campus of UBM did not show a striking polymorphism in chromatic pattern, but one among 7 adult females collected in National Park of Itatiaia, showed a distinct chromatic pattern.

scholarly journals Developmental exposure to diesel exhaust upregulates transcription factor expression, decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, and alters cortical lamina organization: relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby B. Cole ◽  
Yu-Chi Chang ◽  
Khoi Dao ◽  
Ray Daza ◽  
Robert Hevner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Developmental Exposure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression

Abstract Background Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during development and/or in adulthood has been associated in many human studies with both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods In the present study, C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to environmentally relevant levels (250+/−50 μg/m3) of diesel exhaust (DE) or filtered air (FA) during development (E0 to PND21). The expression of several transcription factors relevant for CNS development was assessed on PND3. To address possible mechanistic underpinnings of previously observed behavioral effects of DE exposure, adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus and laminar organization of neurons in the somatosensory cortex were analyzed on PND60. Results were analyzed separately for male and female mice. Results Developmental DE exposure caused a male-specific upregulation of Pax6, Tbr1, Tbr2, Sp1, and Creb1 on PND3. In contrast, in both males and females, Tbr2+ intermediate progenitor cells in the PND60 hippocampal dentate gyrus were decreased, as an indication of reduced adult neurogenesis. In the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex, laminar distribution of Trb1, calbindin, and parvalbumin (but not of Ctip2 or Cux1) was altered by developmental DE exposure. Conclusions These results provide additional evidence to previous findings indicating the ability of developmental DE exposure to cause biochemical/molecular and behavioral alterations that may be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD.

An Evaluation of the Hypothesis that Females Are More Susceptible than Males to Lead-induced Haematological Alterations

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
R. Ken ◽  
E.J. Calabrese ◽  
R.W. Tuthill
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Lead Poisoning Prevention ◽  
Poisoning Prevention

1 A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted to assess the hypothesis that sex differences exist with respect to selected lead-induced red blood cell parameters. The study utilized data previously collected in the Boston Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. 2 This study revealed no statistically significant difference between males and females ( n = 1548) aged 1-6 years for blood FEP levels when blood lead levels were similar. 3 These findings are in contrast with previously published research with human adults, which has suggested that adult females display significantly greater FEP values at identical blood level values as similarly aged men.

Asperger's and Girls: What Teachers Need to Know

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Jarman ◽  
Christopher Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorder ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Average Intelligence ◽  
Males And Females

Individuals with the pervasive developmental disorder Asperger's syndrome (AS) are generally of average or above average intelligence and attend mainstream schools. Despite their intelligence, some of the characteristics and challenges associated with AS can impact upon the quality of life they experience at school. Although both males and females are diagnosed with AS, females have been underrepresented and unrepresented in much of the AS research. Consequently, much of what is known about the school experiences of students with AS is based on studies consisting predominately of male perspectives. This article discusses what adult females with AS and parents of females with AS currently attending school wish teachers understood about AS in females. Many of the experiences described by participants indicate there is a lack of understanding about AS, both generally and specifically, in relation to females. Implications of these findings and recommendations for educators and schools are provided, and directions for future research are outlined.

scholarly journals Evolutionary characterization of a Y chromosomal sequence conserved in the genus Mus

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Chromosomal Sequence

SummaryThe extent of accumulation of mouse Y chromosomal repetitive sequences generally correlates with the known phylogenetic relationships in the genus Mus. However, we describe here a M. musculus Y chromosomal repetitive sequence, designated as ACClfl, whose accumulation patterns among eight Mus species do not correspond to their phylogenetic relationships. Although male-specific hybridization bands were present in all the species examined, significant accumulation (> 200 copies) in the Y chromosomes was found in M. minutoides (subgenus Nannomys), M. pahari (subgenus Coelomys) and M. saxicola (subgenus Pyromys) as well as in the three closely related species M. hortulanus, M. musculus and M. spretus that belong to the subgenus Mus. Unexpectedly, the Y chromosomes of M. caroli and M. cookii (both subgenus Mus) had considerably reduced amounts of ACClfl-related sequences. Furthermore, in rats (Rattus norvegicus) the major accumulation sites appear to be autosomal. These observations suggest that caution must be taken in the interpretation of data obtained with repetitive sequences that have evolved quickly.

The Odor-Bouquet of Ips schmutzenhoferi Holzschuh (Col.: Scol.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 43 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Francke ◽  
J. Bartels ◽  
H. Schmutzenhofer ◽  
U. Kohnle ◽  
J. P. Vité
Keyword(s):  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Specific

Abstract Ipsenol, Ipsdienol, and E-myrcenol are male specific compounds of Ips schmutzenhoferi. Overall 46 compounds could be identified from males and females. The diversity of oxygenated terpenes is particularly high in males.

Growth of the Eastern Quoll, Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw), (Marsupialia) in Captivity

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
B Green
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
At Will

The growth and development, from 10 to 270 days old, of eastern quolls in a captive colony was recorded. Young were able to detach from the teat by 65 days of age and their eyes were open by 80 days. Statistically significant differences in some measurements from males and females were found as early as 85 days of age. The weaning period commenced at 102 days ofage, and coincided with eruption ofthe first molar teeth. Total independence, determined by the cessation of lactation in the mother, was as early as 142 days in litters of one or as late as 200 days in larger litters. There was a high correlation between litter size and age at independence. Lactation was maintained in all previously suckled mammary glands of adult females after the death of young aged 65 days or over if some siblings remained. This was due to the ability of young of this age to detach and reattach to the teats at will. The implication of this observation is that the commonly held view that the numbers of surviving young in marsupial litters corresponds to the number of lactating teats in the adult female may not always be correct.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document