An interspecific hybrid and amphiploid produced from Triticum aestivum crosses with Agropyron cristatum and Agropyron desertorum

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoeologous Relationships

Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertner (2n = 14) and Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes (2n = 28) cultivars were crossed with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. 2n = 42, ABD genomes) in an attempt to bring the P genome of Agropyron into a wheat background for future genetic exploitation and to evaluate possible homoeology with the wheat genomes. Interspecific hybrid plants were obtained from crosses using both Agropyron species. Chromosome doubled amphiploids (2n = 56, AABBDDPP) were successfully produced by colchicine treatment of hybrid plants from the T. aestivum – A. cristatum cross. Meiotic cells of the amphiploid contained the expected 28 chromosome pairs but also exhibited a considerable amount of chromosome pairing disturbance, resulting in an average of 3.55 univalents per cell. Consequently, fertility was reduced in the amphiploid and the progeny were frequently aneuploid. Homoeologous pairing in the T. aestivum – A. cristatum hybrid was low, but the pairing disruption exhibited in the amphiploid suggested that homoeologous relationships may have been masked in the hybrid.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron cristatum, chiasma frequency, intergeneric hybrid, amphiploid.

EFFECT OF RYE ON HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN WHEAT × RYE HYBRIDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Polygenic System

The number of chiasmata per cell at metaphase I was scored in eight haploid plants of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. cv. 'Chinese Spring' and 100 hybrid plants of Chinese Spring × Secale cereale L. Mean chiasma frequency per cell ranged from 0.00 to 3.59 in the hybrids and from 0.17 to 0.35 in the haploids. Since the same wheat genotype was present in both the haploids and hybrids, it is concluded that some of the rye genotypes promoted homoeologous chromosome pairing. The absence of distinct segregation classes among the hybrids suggests that these genes constitute a polygenic system.

PARENTAL EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOME DOUBLING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY TRITICALE

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Independent Effects

Intergeneric hybridization between six hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and five inbred rye (Secale cereale L.) lines was used to study the influence of parental genotypes upon chromosome doubling after colchicine treatment. Significant differences were attributed to independent effects of the wheat and rye parents. Self-fertility of the derived amphidiploids was positively correlated with colchicine responsiveness.

Attempts to induce homoeologous pairing between wheat and Agropyron cristatum genomes

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Jubault ◽  
Anne-Marie Tanguy ◽  
Paulette Abélard ◽  
Olivier Coriton ◽  
Jean-Claude Dusautoir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Ph1 Gene ◽  
Alien Genes ◽  
Suitable Technique

Agropyron cristatum (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP) possesses potentially valuable traits that could be used in wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement through interspecific hybridization. Homoeologous pairing between wheat chromosomes and P chromosomes added to wheat in a set of wheat – A. cristatum addition lines was assessed. First, the Ph-suppressing effect of P chromosomes (except 7P) was analyzed. It was concluded that this system is polygenic with no major gene, and consequently, has no prospect in the transfer of alien genes from wild relatives. In a second step, the potential of the deletion ph1b of the Ph1 gene for inducing P–ABD pairing was evaluated. Allosyndetic associations between P and ABD genomes are very rare. This very low level of pairing is likely due to divergence in the repeated sequences between Agropyron and wheat genomes. Development of translocation lines using ionizing radiation seems to be a more suitable technique than homoeologous recombination to exploit the A. cristatum genome in wheat improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron cristatum, addition line, GISH, Ph1 gene.

TRANSFER OF CORNERSTONE MALE-STERILITY MUTANT TO TETRAPLOID WHEAT AND HEXAPLOID AND OCTOPLOID TRITICALES

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
C. J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Γ Ray

A γ-ray induced male-sterility mutant on chromosome 4A of Triticum aestivum L. (Cornerstone mutant ms1c) was transferred to T. durum Desf. by backcrossing. Selfed heterozygotes of T. durum produced fewer male-sterile plants than those of T. aestivum. Male-sterile plants of T. durum and T. aestivum were crossed with diploid rye (Secale cereale L.) and fertile hexaploid and octoploid triticales were obtained following colchicine treatment of the F1's. Thus, rye is able to restore fertility at both of these ploidy levels.

PRODUCTION, MORPHOLOGY AND MEIOSIS OF RECIPROCAL BARLEY-WHEAT HYBRIDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Genome ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The intercrossing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) yielded hybrids at a frequency of 0.80% of pollinated florets for the barley-wheat combinations and 0.23% for the reciprocal cross. An increase in homoeologous pairing of wheat chromosomes was observed in both hybrids compared with the pairing observed in wheat haploids indicating that the barley genome had pairing promoting properties. Cytological abnormalities such as hyperploid meiotic cells and isochromosomes were attributed to abnormalities at premeiotic mitosis.

Chromosome doubling of haploids of common wheat with caffeine

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Thomas ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Neil Howes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Further Development

Treatment of dividing plant cells with caffeine inhibits their cytokinesis, thereby inducing the formation of binucleate cells that contain polyploid nuclei. This study was undertaken to determine whether caffeine treatments would induce chromosome doubling and seed set in haploids of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) through the further development of diploid nuclei. Ten sterile wheat haploid plants, obtained through the agency of corn (Zea mays L.) pollination, were multiplied by vegetative propagation (subdivision of well-tillered plants) to produce about 50 crowns per haploid. Washed and trimmed crowns were treated with 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 g∙L−1 caffeine for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. While treatment with 0.3 g∙L−1 caffeine did not restore fertility, higher concentrations of caffeine resulted in pollen shedding and substantial seed set compared with untreated controls. Many combinations of caffeine concentration and duration produced comparable results; however, treatment with 3 g∙L−1 for 24 h was the most effective caffeine treatment on the basis of the number of seeds recovered, as well as the size and incidence of fertile sectors. Compared with a standard colchicine treatment (3-h immersion in 2 g∙L−1 colchicine dissolved in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide), all caffeine treatments produced fewer seeds, principally because colchicine-doubled sectors were often large, while caffeine-doubled sectors were numerous but generally small. In conclusion, caffeine produced useful numbers of seeds for all clones; gliadin banding patterns and chromosome counts indicated that genetic and cytogenetic stability of the doubling process were equal or superior for caffeine compared with colchicine.Key words: chromosome doubling, haploid, caffeine, colchicine, Triticum aestivum.

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