Relationship between mitotic instability and accumulation of B chromosomes in males and females of Locusta migratoria

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Viseras ◽  
J. P. M. Camacho ◽  
M. I. Cano ◽  
J. L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Intraindividual Variation ◽  
Mitotic Instability ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Spanish Populations ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Mitotic instability of B chromosomes has been studied in males and females from two Spanish populations of Locusta migratoria. This instability is a common feature in embryos, adult somatic tissues such as gastric caeca, and ovariole wall cells and male and female germ lines. While B chromosomes accumulate in the male germ line independently of the existence or absence of intraindividual variation in the number of B chromosomes in gastric caeca cells, they do not accumulate in the female germ line despite meiotic instability. The relationship between the mitotic instability of the B chromosomes in germ lines and their mode of transmission is discussed.Key words: Locusta migratoria, B chromosomes, mitotic instability, accumulation.

Transmission analysis of mitotically unstable B chromosomes in Locusta migratoria

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Pardo ◽  
M. D. López-León ◽  
J. Cabrero ◽  
J. P. M. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitotic Instability

Seventeen controlled crosses in which the mitotically unstable B chromosome of Locusta migratoria was carried by one parent only have provided evidence that B chromosomes are significantly eliminated during sexual transmission in males, at a mean rate that almost counteracts the premeiotic accumulation derived from mitotic instability during germ line development. On the other hand, B chromosomes are significantly accumulated in females, presumably by their preferential migration to the secondary oocyte during the first meiotic division. These results substantially change the current knowledge about this B chromosome system, because the main B accumulation occurs in females and not in males, as was hitherto thought. Furthermore, this case shows that the maintenance of a single B system in natural populations may be the result of many different forces and mechanisms acting for and against B chromosomes.Key words: locust, Locusta migratoria, B chromosomes, accumulation mechanisms, meiotic drive, B elimination, parthenogenesis.

scholarly journals Mitotic instability of B chromosomes during embryo development in Locusta migratoria

Heredity ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Pardo ◽  
M D Lopez-Leon ◽  
E Viseras ◽  
J Cabrero ◽  
J P M Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Mitotic Instability

scholarly journals Oocyte specific regulation of PGK-1 isozyme activity in female germ cells of the mouse

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Isozyme Activity

SUMMARYThe expression of electrophoretic variant forms of the X-linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) was examined during the ontogeny of the female germ-line following X-chromosome reactivation. Non-growing oocytes from foetal and neonatal ovaries of heterozygous females show a higher PGK-1A isozyme activity, a reflection of prior non-random X-inactivation favouring activity of the X-chromosome carrying the Pgk-1a allele and Xcec locus. On oocyte growth, the total PGK-1 enzyme activity increases 40–50 fold and the pattern of PGK-1 isozyme expression changes giving an electrophoretic pattern now skewed in favour of the PGK-1B isozymic form. Activity of the PGK-1B isozyme exceeds that of PGK-1A in all growing oocytes with a total activity greater than 0·075 nmol h−1 oocyte−1. Mice homozygous for either Pgk-1 allele show similar PGK-1 specific activities in somatic tissues where one X-chromosome is active, but oocytes of Pgk-lb homozygotes show a higher specific activity compared to those of Pgk-1a homozygotes. Thus increased activity of the PGK-1B isozyme relative to the PGK-1A isozyme is specific to growing oocytes.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

pitkinD, a Novel Gain-of-Function Enhancer of Position-Effect Variegation, Affects Chromatin Regulation During Oogenesis and Early Embryogenesis in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffi Kuhfittig ◽  
János Szabad ◽  
Gunnar Schotta ◽  
Jan Hoffmann ◽  
Endre Máthé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Chromatin Regulation ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Effect Variegation ◽  
Female Germ Line

Abstract The vast majority of the >100 modifier genes of position-effect variegation (PEV) in Drosophila have been identified genetically as haplo-insufficient loci. Here, we describe pitkinDominant (ptnD), a gain-of-function enhancer mutation of PEV. Its exceptionally strong enhancer effect is evident as elevated spreading of heterochromatin-induced gene silencing along euchromatic regions in variegating rearrangements. The ptnD mutation causes ectopic binding of the SU(VAR)3-9 heterochromatin protein at many euchromatic sites and, unlike other modifiers of PEV, it also affects stable position effects. Specifically, it induces silencing of white+ transgenes inserted at a wide variety of euchromatic sites. ptnD is associated with dominant female sterility. +/+ embryos produced by ptnD/+ females mated with wild-type males die at the end of embryogenesis, whereas the ptnD/+ sibling embryos arrest development at cleavage cycle 1-3, due to a combined effect of maternally provided mutant product and an early zygotic lethal effect of ptnD. This is the earliest zygotic effect of a mutation so far reported in Drosophila. Germ-line mosaics show that ptn+ function is required for normal development in the female germ line. These results, together with effects on PEV and white+ transgenes, are consistent with the hypothesis that the ptn gene plays an important role in chromatin regulation during development of the female germ line and in early embryogenesis.

Binge Eating and Addictive-Like Behaviours in Males and Females

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412097175
Author(s):  
Johanna Levallius ◽  
Elin Monell ◽  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
David Clinton ◽  
Emma Forsén Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Compulsive Exercise ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Binge eating is a common behaviour that is strongly linked to both obesity and eating disorder. There is evidence that binge eating commonly co-occurs with other problematic and addictive-like behaviours; however, this has not been explored systematically. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between binge eating, body weight, disordered eating behaviours and associated addictive-like behaviours, with particular attention paid to gender differences. Method A community sample ( N = 500; 75% female, Mage = 32.5 years) reported disordered eating behaviours (i.e. binge eating, purging, restriction of eating, compulsive exercise), body mass index (BMI), food addiction, starvation addiction, exercise dependence, tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Results 42% of females and 21% of males reported binge eating during the past four weeks. Binge eating was significantly associated with all investigated behaviours in females, and with purging, compulsive exercise and overweight/obesity in males. Controlling for BMI, self-starvation predicted binge eating in males (OR = 1.07), while food addiction (OR = 1.73) and alcohol dependence (OR = 1.11) predicted binge eating in females. Conclusions The multiple associations between binge eating and addictive-like behaviors supports broad screening and generalized prevention efforts. Prevention efforts should reflect gender differences.

Dedicated protection for the female germ line

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Magdalena Skipper
Keyword(s):  
Germ Line ◽  
Female Germ Line

EEG-correlates of work efficiency level among young persons with stress-induced bruxism

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
A. E. Barulin ◽  
S. V. Klauchek ◽  
A. E. Klauchek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study. To establish the relationship between neurophysiological status and the level of efficiency in young people with bruxism.Materials and methods. Two groups of 64 and 53 subjects (males and females) aged 20–35 years old with bruxism and non-bruxers were formed according to questionnaire results and physical examination. The level of efficiency was assessed by the results of sensorimotor tracking of a moving object (the ‘Smile’ model). Spectral analysis was performed for evaluation of the baseline electroencephalograms. Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 programs were used for statistical data processing.Results. The level of efficiency was statistically significantly lower in the hardest test of Smile model among the individuals with bruxism (p < 0.05). The bruxers also demonstrated a significantly lower dominant frequency and maximum amplitude of alpha-rhythm (p < 0.05), and significantly higher dominant frequency of beta2 rhythm (p < 0.05). The dominant frequency and the maximum amplitude of the alpha-rhythm are parameters corresponding to significant coefficients of the regression analysis. A negative relationship was found between the degree of error during sensorimotor tracking and the frequency and amplitude of alpha-rhythm.Conclusion. Regression models present the relationship between the level of efficiency and the alpha-rhythm severity. The regression equations make it possible to determine the functional state of the subject using an electroencephalogram.

Multiple products from the shavenbaby-ovo gene region of Drosophila melanogaster: relationship to genetic complexity

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 6809-6818
Author(s):  
M D Garfinkel ◽  
J Wang ◽  
Y Liang ◽  
A P Mahowald
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Multiple Products ◽  
Zinc Finger Motifs ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Pole Cells

The Drosophila melanogaster shavenbaby (svb)-ovo gene region is a complex locus, containing two distinct but comutable genetic functions. ovo is required for survival and differentiation of female germ line cells and plays a role in germ line sex determination. In contrast, svb is required in both male and female embryos for the production of epidermal locomotor and sensory structures. Sequences required for the two genetic functions are partially overlapping. ovo corresponds to a previously described germ line-dependent 5.0-kb poly(A)+ mRNA that first appears in the germarium and accumulates in nurse cells during oogenesis. The 5.0-kb mRNA is stored in the egg, but it is rapidly lost in the embryos except for its continued presence in the germ line precursor pole cells. The ovo mRNA predicts a 1,028-amino-acid 110.6-kDa protein homologous with transcription factors. We have identified an embryonic mRNA, 7.1 kb in length, that contains exons partially overlapping those of the 5.0-kb poly(A)+ mRNA. The spatial distribution of this newly discovered transcript during midembryogenesis suggests that it corresponds to the svb function. The arrangement of exons common to the 5.0- and 7.1-kb mRNAs suggests that the Ovo and Svb proteins share DNA-binding specificity conferred by four Cys2-His2 zinc finger motifs but differ functionally in their capacity to interact with other components of the transcription machinery.

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