Isolation of Ht genome chromosome additions from polyploid Elymus trachycaulus (StStHtHt) into common wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay L. D. Morris ◽  
W. John Raupp ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions

A combination of cytological and biochemical methods were used to isolate and identify six Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' – Elymus trachycaulus (= Agropyron trachycaulum, 2n = 28, genomes StStHtHt) Ht genome disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Protein and morphological markers indicated that Elymus chromosomes 1Ht, 1Htp, 5Ht, 6Ht, 7Ht, and 7Htp have been added to the wheat genome. Two alloplasmic addition lines, 1Ht and 1Htp, were determined to have favorable nucleocytoplasmic interactions by the presence of vegetative vigor and fertility restoration. The gene(s) for vigor and fertility restoration were located on the short arm of 1Ht. The Elymus chromosomes of each line were found to affect plant morphology and fertility, with the exception of disomic addition 6Ht, which appeared similar to 'Chinese Spring'. Phenotypic differences between each line may be attributed to the expression of genes from specific Elymus chromosomes, the cumulative dosage of homoeoalleles, or nucleocytoplasmic interactions. These morphological traits, in combination with biochemical markers, provide evidence of the gene synteny relationships between the Elymus and Triticum species. Knowledge of the homoeologous relationships among wheat and Elymus chromosomes may be useful for the eventual transfer of disease-resistance genes from Elymus to wheat.Key words: Elymus, wheat, addition line, polyploidy.

DISOMIC AND DITELOSOMIC ADDITIONS OF DIPLOID AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES TO TRITICUM AESTIVUM

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvorak ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

A set of disomic addition lines was produced in which each chromosome of Agropyron elongatum (2n = 14) was added to the chromosome complement of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. In addition a complete set of ditelosomic addition lines involving Agropyron chromosome arms IS, IIα, IIIα, IVS, IVL, VS, VL, VIS and VIIα, was developed. Except for disomic addition line VII which is similar to Chinese Spring, each added alien chromosome pair was found to have a specific effect on plant morphology. Five disomic addition lines had reduced fertility. Agropyron chromosome arms carrying genes for anthocyanin production, waxless foliage, tenacious glumes, and several other traits were identified. The single Agropyron chromosomes in the monosomic addition lines usually have either minor effects or no effect on plant morphology and fertility.The disomic addition lines are similar in many characters to tetrasomics of the corresponding homoeologous wheat chromosomes and show characters that are not present in either Ag. elongatum or the amphiploid, T. aestivum × Ag. elongatum. Thus many of the effects are due to gene dosage. If individual disomic addition lines are compared with the amphiploid a significant role of interchromosomal gene interactions is apparent.In combination with knowledge of the homoeologous relationships among wheat and alien chromosomes, sets of disomic addition lines can provide valuable information on the evolutionary past of genomes in Triticinae. In monosomic addition lines only Agropyron chromosome IV paired with a wheat chromosome and it is concluded that it is improbable that Agropyron genomes played any role in the evolution of the polyploid series of Aegilops and Triticum.

Phenotypic effects of additional chromosomes on agronomic and photosynthetic traits of common wheat in the background of Chinese Spring

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Caiyun Liu ◽  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Xiaojie Chen ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
Yin-Gang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

Wheat alien chromosome addition lines possess abundant genetic resources and they are usually used for transferring desired genes or traits into wheat. The screening and characterisation of addition lines for target traits is one of the prerequisites for efficient utilisation of the alien chromosomes. In order to understand the properties and potential utilisation of wheat addition lines, the effects of additional chromosomes on agronomic and photosynthetic traits of common wheat were evaluated using 34 addition lines with the same genetic background of Chinese Spring. The results showed that most of the alien chromosomes decreased plant height (61.8%) and grain number per spike (47.1%), whereas some increased spike length and tiller number. Alien chromosomes of Agropyron intermedium G, Elymus trachycaulus T5HL5HL, El. trachycaulus 5SS and Haynaldia villosa 1V performed well in improving yield components. None of the alien chromosomes studied had negative effects on photosynthetic traits. Higher net photosynthetic rates were observed in Aegilops umbellulata 5U, El. trachycaulus 5H and rye 1R addition lines. Regarding seedling traits, 21 lines (61.8%) showed improvement in different root traits, whereas 26.5% of the chromosomes decreased coleoptile length. Addition lines with better performance for some specific traits were identified and discussed.

scholarly journals The genetic control of triosephosphate isomerase of hexaploid wheat and other Triticeae species

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pietro ◽  
Gary E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryThe zymogram phenotypes of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were determined for a large number of aneuploid derivatives of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ and for six wheat-alien species chromosome addition series. Examination of the available compensating nullisomic-tetrasomic and homoeologous groups 3 and 5 ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring disclosed that T. aestivum possesses two systems of dimeric TPI isozymes, designated TPI-1 and TPI-2. The genes TPI-A1, TPI-B1 and TPI-D1 were located in Chinese Spring chromosome arms 3Ap, 3Bp and 3Dp, respectively and the genes TPI-A2, TPI-B2 and TPI-D2 in chromosome arms 5Aq, 5Bq and 5Dq, respectively. TPI-1 genes were also located in Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes chromosome 3H, T. longissimum chromosome G, Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E, and Secale cereale cvs. Imperial and Dakold chromosome 3R. TPI-2 genes were found in Betzes chromosome 5H, T. umbellulatum chromosome 5U, T. longissimum chromosome F, and Imperial and Dakold chromosome 5R. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between the alien chromosomes in which the genes are located and the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3 and 5 of Chinese Spring, respectively. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a TPI-R2 gene in each of the T. aestivum cv. Kharkov -S. cereale cv. Dakold chromosome addition lines studied suggesting that this gene is present in the wheat genome in each member of this addition series.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Maize Chromosome 9 Radiation Hybrids Derived From an Oat-Maize Addition Line

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
M I Vales ◽  
E V Ananiev ◽  
H W Rines ◽  
R L Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Radiation Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Abstract In maize (Zea mays L., 2n = 2x = 20), map-based cloning and genome organization studies are often complicated because of the complexity of the genome. Maize chromosome addition lines of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42), where maize chromosomes can be individually manipulated, represent unique materials for maize genome analysis. Maize chromosome addition lines are particularly suitable for the dissection of a single maize chromosome using radiation because cultivated oat is an allohexaploid in which multiple copies of the oat basic genome provide buffering to chromosomal aberrations and other mutations. Irradiation (gamma rays at 30, 40, and 50 krad) of a monosomic maize chromosome 9 addition line produced maize chromosome 9 radiation hybrids (M9RHs)—oat lines possessing different fragments of maize chromosome 9 including intergenomic translocations and modified maize addition chromosomes with internal and terminal deletions. M9RHs with 1 to 10 radiation-induced breaks per chromosome were identified. We estimated that a panel of 100 informative M9RHs (with an average of 3 breaks per chromosome) would allow mapping at the 0.5- to 1.0-Mb level of resolution. Because mapping with maize chromosome addition lines and radiation hybrid derivatives involves assays for the presence or absence of a given marker, monomorphic markers can be quickly and efficiently mapped to a chromosome region. Radiation hybrid derivatives also represent sources of region-specific DNA for cloning of genes or DNA markers.

Transferability of wheat microsatellites to diploid Aegilops species and determination of chromosomal localizations of microsatellites in the S genome

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
I G Adonina ◽  
E A Salina ◽  
E G Pestsova ◽  
M S Röder
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Overall, 253 genomic wheat (Triticum aestivum) microsatellite markers were studied for their transferability to the diploid species Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, and Aegilops searsii, representing the S genome. In total, 88% of all the analyzed primer pairs of markers derived from the B genome of hexaploid wheat amplified DNA fragments in the genomes of the studied species. The transferability of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of the T. aestivum A and D genomes totaled 74%. Triticum aestivum – Ae. speltoides, T. aestivum – Ae. longissima, and T. aestivum – Ae. searsii chromosome addition lines allowed us to determine the chromosomal localizations of 103 microsatellite markers in the Aegilops genomes. The majority of them were localized to homoeologous chromosomes in the genome of Aegilops. Several instances of nonhomoeologous localization of T. aestivum SSR markers in the Aegilops genome were considered to be either amplification of other loci or putative translocations. The results of microsatellite analysis were used to study phylogenetic relationships among the 3 species of the Sitopsis section (Ae. speltoides, Ae. longissima, and Ae. searsii) and T. aestivum. The dendrogram obtained generally reflects the current views on phylogenetic relationships among these species.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, microsatellite, SSR, chromosome addition lines, phylogeny.

Cytogenetic identification of Triticum peregrinum chromosomes added to common wheat

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Friebe ◽  
E. D. Badaeva ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
N. A. Tuleen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Donor Species

C-banded karyotypes of a complete set of 14 Triticum peregrinum whole chromosome addition lines and 25 telosomic addition lines are reported. The added T. peregrinum chromosomes were not structurally rearranged compared with the corresponding chromosomes of the donor accession. Comprehensive karyotypic analysis confirmed Triticum umbellulatum as the donor species of the Uv genome and identified Triticum longissimum as the donor species of the Sv genome of T. peregrinum. Neither the Uv nor Sv genome chromosomes of the T. peregrinum accession showed large modifications when compared with the ancestral U and S1 genomes. Key words : Triticum aestivum, Triticum peregrinum, Triticum umbellulatum, Triticum longissimum, chromosome addition lines, C-banding.

A maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat exhibits expression of the maize homeobox gene liguleless3 and alteration of cell fates

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Muehlbauer ◽  
O Riera-Lizarazu ◽  
R G Kynast ◽  
D Martin ◽  
R L Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Maize Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

Maize chromosome addition lines of oat offer the opportunity to study maize gene expression in oat and the resulting phenotypes. Morphological examination of a maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat showed that this line exhibited several morphological abnormalities including a blade-to-sheath transformation at the midrib region of the leaf, a hook-shaped panicle, and abnormal outgrowth of aerial axillary buds. Dominant mutations in the maize liguleless3 (lg3) homeobox gene result in a blade (distal)-to-sheath (proximal) transformation at the midrib region of the leaf. Ectopic expression of the dominant mutant Lg3 allele is believed to cause the phenotype. Therefore, we suspected that the maize lg3 gene, which is located on maize chromosome 3, was involved in the phenotypes observed in the maize chromosome 3 addition line of oat. Genetic analyses of an oat BC1F2 family segregating for maize chromosome 3 showed that the presence of a stable maize chromosome 3 was required for the expression of these cell fate abnormalities. RNA expression analysis of leaf sheath tissue from oat plants carrying maize chromosome 3 demonstrated that maize LG3 transcripts accumulated in oat, indicating that this expression is associated with the blade-to-sheath transformation, hook-shaped panicle and outgrowth of aerial axillary bud phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that the maize chromosome addition lines of oat are useful genetic stocks to study expression of maize genes in oat.Key words: liguleless3, homeobox, oat-maize addition line.

scholarly journals Use of isozymes as chromosome markers in the isolation and characterization of wheat-barley chromosome addition lines

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
A. K. M. R. Islam ◽  
K. W. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

SUMMARYThe alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), aminopeptidase (AMP), endopeptidase (EP), and esterase (EST) zymogram phenotypes of Chinese Spring wheat, Betzes barley, Chinese Spring-Betzes heptaploids, and a number of presumptive Betzes chromosome additions to Chinese Spring were determined. It was found that four disomic chromosome addition lines could be distinguished from one another and from the other three possible lines on the basis of the zymogram phenotypes of these isozymes.The structural gene Adh-H1 was located in Betzes chromosome 4, the genes Got-H2 and Amp-H1 in chromosome 6, and the gene Ep-H1 in chromosome 1. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between Betzes chromosomes 4, 6, and 1 and the Chinese Spring chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4, 6, and 7, respectively.

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