Stability of ploidy in meristems of plants regenerated from anther calli of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia T. Kudirka ◽  
Gideon W. Schaeffer ◽  
P. Stephen Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Cell Genome ◽  
Individual Root

Plants were regenerated from anther calli of the winter wheat cultivar 'Centurk' (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Cells of root tips of young regenerated plants were assayed for ploidy and plants were categorized as polyhaploid, mixoploid, or hexaploid. Tillering and seed set were analyzed in plants that survived to maturity. Less than 1% of the tiller population produced by polyhaploid plants set seed. In contrast, 73% of the tiller population produced by hexaploid plants set seed, with significantly greater seed set per fertile tiller. These data were taken to indicate that the ploidy composition of root tips of young regenerated plants reflected that of the reproductive structures of mature regenerated plants. Common patterns of aneuploidy in hexaploid and hyperploid cells found among roots of individual plants confirmed the idea that doubling of the cell genome occurred before plant regeneration. Polyhaploid and hexaploid cells were found in individual root tips of mixoploid plants regenerated from calli that were known to be cytochimeric. The possibility that regeneration of plants can occur from more than a single cell of an anther callus is discussed.Key words: anther culture, Triticum aestivum, wheat, mixoploidy, aneuploidy, regeneration.

scholarly journals The Rate of Productive Tillers per Plant of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars under Different Sowing Densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Danijela Kondić ◽  
Maja Bajić ◽  
Đurađ Hajder ◽  
Borut Bosančić
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Banja Luka

The aim of this two‒year research was to determine the rate of productive tillers per plant of different winter wheat cultivars under different sowing densities in the agroecological conditions of Banja Luka. NS 40S, Prima and Nova Bosanka wheat cultivars were sown at eight different sowing densities: 384, 424, 451, 504, 544, 584, 588 and 604 seeds m-2. The experiment was set up in the open field, and each wheat cultivar was sown at different sowing density in four replications. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial analysis of variance 2×8×3 while significant differences between treatments were tested by LSD test. The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved for the winter wheat cultivar NS 40S (2.29). The highest average rate of productive tillers per plant was achieved at sowing density of 384 seeds m-2 and the lowest at sowing density of 588 seeds m-2.

Relationship between freezing injury suffered during the stem elongation stage of development and vernalization response in a winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Cheyenne)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
RJ Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Stage Of Development

The Chinese Spring (Cheyenne) chromosome substitution series was grown in three non-vernalizing environments and heading dates recorded. A vernalization treatment was superimposed on one environment. The major component of the vernalization response of the cultivar Cheyenne was located in the chromosome 5D line, presumably due to the presence of vrn3. Minor effects were located in other CS(Cnn) lines. Lines derived from the cross CS/CS(Cnn 5D) were grown in non-vernalizing environments and their Vrn3/vrn3 genotypes postulated. Differences between lines in resistance to freezing injury during stem elongation were not associated with variation of the Vrn3/vrn3 locus.

CDC Harrier winter wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
High Level ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Harrier is a winter-hardy, strong-strawed, semidwarf winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the high grain yield and agronomic performance of CDC Kestrel. CDC Harrier is the first winter wheat cultivar with a high level of stem rust resistance to be registered for production in western Canada. The grain quality characteristics of CDC Harrier are similar to thos of CDC Kestrel. CDC Harrier is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

Effects of an intercultivaral chromosome substitution on winterhardiness and vernalization in wheat.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
R S Zemetra ◽  
R Morris
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Vernalization Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Abstract During a study on the genetic control of winterhardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. group aestivum), a gene that affected vernalization was found on chromosome 3B in the winter wheat cultivar ;Wichita.' When chromosome 3B from Wichita was substituted into the winter wheat cultivar ;Cheyenne,' the resultant substitution line exhibited a spring growth habit. This is unusual since a cross between the cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne results in progeny that exhibit the winter growth habit. The F(2) plants from a cross of the 3B substitution line to Cheyenne, the recipient parent, segregated 3:1 for heading/no heading response in the absence of vernalization (chi(2) = 2.44). Earliness of heading appeared to be due to an additive effect of the 3B gene as shown by the segregation ratio 1:2:1 (early heading-later heading-no heading) (chi(2) = 2.74). This vernalization gene differs from previously described vernalization genes because, while dominant in a Cheyenne background, its expression is suppressed in Wichita. The gene may have an effect on winter hardiness in Wichita. In a field test for winter survival the 3B substitution line had only 5% survival, while Wichita and Cheyenne had 50 and 80% survival, respectively. No other substitution line significantly reduced winter survival. The difference between Wichita and Cheyenne in winterhardiness may be due to the vernalization gene carried on the 3B chromosome.

scholarly journals Chromatid and chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Bfb Cycle ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Abstract During the development of disomic additions of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two reverse tandem duplications on wheat chromosomes 3D and 4A were isolated. By virtue of their meiotic pairing, the reverse tandem duplications initiated the chromatid type of the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This BFB cycle continued through pollen mitoses and in the early endosperm divisions, but no clear evidence of its presence in embryo mitoses was found. The chromosome type of BFB cycle was initiated by fusion of two broken chromosome ends resulting in a dicentric or a ring chromosome. Chromosome type BFB cycles were detected in embryo mitoses and in root tips, but they did not persist until the next meiosis and were not transmitted to the progeny. Active BFB cycles induced breakage of other wheat chromosomes that resulted in additional reverse tandem duplications and dicentric and ring chromosomes. Four loci, on chromosome arms 2BS, 3DS, 4AL, and most likely on 7DL, were particularly susceptible to breakage. The BFB cycles produced high frequency of variegation for pigmentation of the aleurone layer of kernels and somatic chimeras for a morphological marker. With the exception of low mutation rate, the observed phenomena are consistent with the activity of a Ds-like element. However, it is not clear whether such an element, if indeed present, was of wheat or rye origin.

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Humphreys ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. Czarnecki ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
P. D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Spring Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Glenavon hard red extra strong spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is adapted to the Canadian prairies. It combines 2 to 6% higher grain yield with improved test weight compared to AC Corinne, Glenlea and Wildcat. It is resistant to moderately resistant to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust, resistant to loose smut, and of intermediate resistance to common bunt. Glenavon is eligible for all grades of the Canada Western Extra Strong wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Canada Western Extra Strong, hard red extra strong spring wheat, cultivar description, yield, disease resistance

scholarly journals Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Q. Wu ◽  
L.N. Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Drought Tolerant

 To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of –0.25, –0.50, and –0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15.  

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