Maize microsporogenesis

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming T. Chang ◽  
M. Gerald Neuffer
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pollen Mitosis ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Maize Tassel ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Second Pollen Mitosis ◽  
First Pollen Mitosis

The use of maize (Zea mays L.) pollen for basic scientific research has been well documented, but the progression of clear cytological features of maize microsporogenesis has not been fully documented. This study was undertaken to identify cytologically the different developmental stages of maize pollen and to correlate them with morphological features of the developing maize tassel. Morphological changes in the length of the tassel, floret, and anther were recorded and correlated with six cytologically defined stages of microsporogenesis: premeiosis, meiosis, uninucleate stage, first pollen mitosis, second pollen mitosis, and mature pollen.Key words: cytogenetics, gametophyte, maize, microsporogenesis, pollen.

Extrême précocité et conditions thermiques du développement apical et floral chez Claytonia caroliniana var. caroliniana

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1516-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav M. Grandtner ◽  
Camille Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Pollen Mitosis ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
Second Pollen Mitosis ◽  
First Pollen Mitosis

The apical and floral development of Claytonia caroliniana var. caroliniana has been studied concurrently with soil temperature, in a sugar maple forest of the Stoneham mountain, Québec. Apical cellular activity begins early in May, while the flowering stems of the year are present. At the beginning of July, external apical development becomes visible. In the first days of August, 9 months before flowering, the foliar and floral structures of the next year are already present in the soil. Meiosis takes place at the beginning of October and first pollen mitosis follows shortly after, in the middle of the same month. From that time, well developed individuals, without chlorophyll, are present just under the litter. They can occasionally turn green and reach the upper surface of the litter in November or December, where they will spend wintertime under the snow, at a temperature oscillating between 0 and −4 °C. This behaviour is quite close to the survival strategy of hemicryptophytes. The active epigeous growth period begins in the middle of April, with the melting of snow. Second pollen mitosis and flowering take place at this time, rapidly followed by seed setting, dissemination, and destruction of the aerial portion of the plant. Cytoecological investigations to study possible influence of environmental factors on chromosomal anomalies in primordia should thus be conducted during the year preceding the flowering of Claytonia.

Mapping QTLs for root system architecture of maize (Zea mays L.) in the field at different developmental stages

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguang Cai ◽  
Fanjun Chen ◽  
Guohua Mi ◽  
Fusuo Zhang ◽  
Hans Peter Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Root System Architecture

Differential effects of specific chromosomal deficiencies on the development of the maize pollen grain

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kindiger ◽  
J. B. Beckett ◽  
E. H. Coe Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Pollen Mitosis ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
First Pollen Mitosis

A study was made of the differential effects of specific chromosomal deficiencies on the development of the maize pollen grain. Twenty-six B–A translocations involving 17 of the 20 chromosome arms were used to produce hypoploid plants in which one half of the microspores had a predictable chromosomal deletion. Breakpoints of the translocations were proximally located in most cases, although some were more distal. Deficient and normal male gametophytes from these hypoploids were studied cytologically to characterize developmental changes. Generally, loss of part of a chromosome arm caused abnormal microspore development, a slowing of the normal mitotic or developmental processes in the male gametophyte, or a termination of development. Slowing of development was observed as early as the quartet stage in deficient microspores from TB-1Sb and TB-9Sd hypoploids, while in others the developmental delay occurred later, mostly during the first pollen mitosis. The abnormal or blocked development associated with other deficiencies began as early as the quartet stage in deficient microspores of TB-1La hypoploids and as late as the first mitotic telophase in those of TB-6Lb, TB-6Lc, TB-9La, and TB-9Lc. The developmental modifications induced by the diverse deficiencies are dependent on the particular segment lost, demonstrating that components of normal microspore development identified in this study are controlled by genes located in specific parts of the genome.Key words: pollen, gametophyte, deletion, B–A translocations.

Investigating the response of tropical maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars against elevated levels of O3 at two developmental stages

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Abha Singh ◽  
S. B. Agrawal ◽  
J. P. Shahi ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tropical Maize

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Polygalacturonase Gene Family in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10722
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Quancan Hou ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Tianye Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Segmental Duplications

Polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15) is a crucial enzyme for pectin degradation and is involved in various developmental processes such as fruit ripening, pollen development, cell expansion, and organ abscission. However, information on the PG gene family in the maize (Zea mays L.) genome and the specific members involved in maize anther development are still lacking. In this study, we identified 55 PG family genes from the maize genome and further characterized their evolutionary relationship and expression patterns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmPGs are grouped into six Clades, and gene structures of the same Clade are highly conserved, suggesting their functional conservation. The ZmPGs are randomly distributed across maize chromosomes, and collinearity analysis showed that many ZmPGs might be derived from tandem duplications and segmental duplications, and these genes are under purifying selection. Furthermore, gene expression analysis provided insights into possible functional divergence among ZmPGs. Based on the RNA-seq data analysis, we found that many ZmPGs are expressed in various tissues while 18 ZmPGs are highly expressed in maize anther, and their detailed expression profiles in different anther developmental stages were further investigated by using RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide valuable information for further functional characterization and application of the ZmPGs in maize.

scholarly journals Rapid Acquisition, Management, and Analysis of Spatial Maize (Zea mays L.) Phenological Data—Towards ‘Big Data’ for Agronomy Transformation in Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri E. Z. Tonnang ◽  
Tesfaye Balemi ◽  
Kenneth F. Masuki ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed ◽  
Julius Adewopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Mobile Smartphone ◽  
Collection And Management

Mobile smartphones, open-source set tools, and mobile applications have provided vast opportunities for timely, accurate, and seamless data collection, aggregation, storage, and analysis of agricultural data in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we advanced and demonstrated the practical use and application of a mobile smartphone-based tool, i.e., the Open Data Kit (ODK), to assemble and keep track of real-time maize (Zea mays L.) phenological data in three SSA countries. Farmers, extension agents, researchers, and other stakeholders were enlisted to participate in an initiative to demonstrate the applicability of mobile smartphone-based apps and open-source servers for rapid data collection and management. A pre-installed maize phenology data application based on the ODK architecture was provided to the participants (n = 75) for maize data collection and management over the maize growing season period in 2015–2017. The application structure was custom designed based on maize developmental stages such as planting date, date of emergence, date of first flowering, anthesis, grain filling, and maturity. Results showed that in Ethiopia, early maturing varieties took 105 days from sowing to maturity in low altitudes, whereas late-maturing varieties took up to 190 days to complete developmental stages in high altitude areas. In Tanzania, a similar trend was observed, whereas in Nigeria, most existing varieties took an average of 100 days to complete their developmental stages. Furthermore, the data showed that the durations from sowing to emergence, emergence to flowering, flowering to maturity were mainly dependent on temperature. The values of growing degree for each phase of development obtained from different planting dates were almost constant for each maize variety, which showed that temperature and planting time are the main elements affecting the rate of maize development. The data aggregation approach using the ODK and on-farm personnel improved efficiency and convenience in data collection and visualization. Our study demonstrates that this system can be used in crop management and research on many spatial scales, i.e., local, regional, and continental, with relatively high data collation accuracy.

Influence de l'âge sur les caractéristiques photosynthétiques de la feuille de maïs, Zea mays L

Agronomie ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier BETHENOD ◽  
Christine JACOB ◽  
Jean-Claude RODE ◽  
Jean-François MOROT-GAUDRY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L
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