An assessment of genome analysis based on chromosome pairing in hybrids of perennial Triticeae

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Preferential Pairing ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Relative Affinity ◽  
C Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Correlation

Genome analysis based on chromosome pairing in diploid hybrids of perennial Triticeae species was examined along with those interpretations based on data of triploid and tetraploid hybrids and (or) species. The mean arm pairing frequency, c, of diploid hybrids with known genome combinations was used as a measure of chromosome homology. The mean trivalent frequency and the averaged sum of trivalents and quadrivalents were used as indices of pairing in triploids and tetraploids, respectively, to assess the validity of the diploid c values. The relative affinity, x value, of the respective triploid hybrids was also used to assess the c value of a diploid combination. Positive correlation coefficients were found between c values of diploid hybrids and trivalent frequencies in triploid hybrids (r = 0.97) as well as between the former and sums of trivalents and quadrivalents in tetraploid hybrids or amphidiploids (r = 0.92). A lower correlation coefficient (r = 0.65) was found for the comparison between diploid and amphidiploid hybrids involving annual Triticeae species. The c values of diploid combinations were negatively correlated (r = −0.79) with the x values of triploid hybrids. These relationships indicate that chromosome relatedness can be measured by the level of pairing in diploid hybrids of perennial Triticeae. It is also suggested that if the diploid hybrid has a c value of about 0.5, a conclusion regarding the genome relationship should be based on additional evidence, such as karyotype data. It is shown that assignment of genome symbols cannot be guided by the presence or absence of preferential pairing in polyploids. Genes regulating chromosome pairing pose problems for genome analysis but should not invalidate either genome analysis as a whole or that of diploid hybrids in particular.Key words: genome, karyotype, meiosis, hybrid, amphidiploid, triploid, diploid, Triticeae.

The Correlation between Nasalance and a Differentiated Perceptual Rating of Speech in Dutch Patients with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelis H.D.M. Keuning ◽  
George H. Wieneke ◽  
Hans A. Van Wijngaarden ◽  
Philippe H. Dejonckere
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Cleft Palate Speech ◽  
Normal Text ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Correlation ◽  
Nasal Emission

Objective: The correlation between the nasalance score and the perceptual rating of several aspects of speech of speakers with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) by six speech-language pathologists was evaluated. Procedure: The overall grade of severity, hypernasality, audible nasal emission, misarticulations, and intelligibility were rated on visual analog scales. Speech samples with a normal distribution of phonemes (normal text [NT]) and those free of nasal consonants (denasal text [DT]) of 43 patients with VPI were used. Mean nasalance scores were computed for the speech samples, and Spearman correlation coefficients were computed between the mean nasalance score and the five parameters of the differentiated rating. Setting: The Institute of Phoniatrics, Utrecht University Hospital, The Netherlands. Results: The correlation coefficient between the mean nasalance and the perceptual rating of hypernasality ranged among judges from .31 to .56 for NT speech samples and .36 to .60 for DT speech samples. Only small differences were found between speech pathologists with and without expertise in cleft palate speech. The rating of the overall grade of severity appeared to correlate quite well with the rating of the intelligibility (rNT = .77, rDT = .79). Lower correlation coefficients, ranging from .34 to .71, were found between overall grade of severity and hypernasality, audible nasal emission, and mis-articulations. Conclusions: A low correlation between the nasalance and the perceptual rating of hypernasality was found. The parameter overall grade of severity appeared to be determined mainly by the parameter intelligibility. Expertise in rating of cleft palate speech does not guarantee a high correlation between instrumental measurement and perceptual rating.

The relationships of the M and Mu genomes of Triticum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kimber ◽  
D. Pignone ◽  
P. J. Sallee
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Preferential Pairing ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Relative Affinity

Triploid, tetraploid, and pentaploid hybrids involving M and Mu genome species were examined for meiotic chromosome pairing. Values of the relative affinity of the genomes involved were calculated and it is concluded that there is no preferential pairing of the M and Mu genomes. Consequently it is suggested that the Mu genome of Triticum uniaristatum be changed to Un.

A reassessment of genome relationships between Thinopyrum bessarabicum and T. elongatum of the Triticeae

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem P. Jauhar
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Preferential Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Synaptic Competition ◽  
Ring Bivalents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quadrivalent Frequency ◽  
Thinopyrum Bessarabicum

Chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency in diploid (2n = 2x = 14; JE genomes), amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 28; JJEE), and triploid (2n = 3x = 21; JJE) hybrids between Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14; JJ) and T. elongatum (2n = 2x = 14; EE) were analyzed. The diploid hybrids (JE) showed a mean pairing of < 0.01V + 0.30IV + 0.28III + 4.98II + 1.97I with 8.36 chiasmata per cell. The pairing was rather poor, most bivalents being rod-shaped; some were clearly hetero-morphic and loosely paired (probably pseudochiasmate). The diploid hybrids were sterile, showing the reproductive isolation of the parental species. The JJE triploid had a mean chromosome configuration of < 0.01VI + 0.06IV + 1.53III + 5.46II + 5.20I with a chiasma frequency of 13.45 per cell. Chromosomes of the duplicated genome JJ showed preferential pairing, forming mostly ring bivalents with two or even three chiasmata each, as in the T. bessarabicum parent; most chromosomes of the E genome remained as univalents. Thus, the E genome chromosomes offered little synaptic competition to the chromosomes of the duplicated JJ genome. The degree of preferential pairing was even stronger in the JJEE amphidiploids, which predominantly showed bivalent pairing with up to 14 ring bivalents in some cells. They had a mean pairing of 0.01VI + 0.55IV + 0.26III + 11.75II + 1.42I; the mean quadrivalent frequency per cell varied from 0.10 to 1.53. Thus J and E genomes essentially maintained their meiotic integrity at the 4x level. This pattern of chromosome pairing in hybrids at different ploidies and the sterility of diploid hybrids show that J and E are distinct genomes and that there is little justification for merging them, as suggested by previous workers. The J and E are homoeologous at best. The merger of Lophopyrum (E genome) with the genus Thinopyrum (J genome) would be improper. Although the J and E genomes are close enough to permit some intergenomic gene flow, which may be exploited in plant breeding, they are certainly not close enough to have the same genomic designation. The JJEE amphidiploids are meiotically stable and may be a useful source of genes for wheat improvement.Key words: genome, meiosis, chromosome pairing, phylogenetic relationships, Thinopyrum, interspecific hybrid, autoallo-triploid, amphidiploid.

scholarly journals The quality of life in Chinese juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients: psychometric properties of the pediatric quality of life inventor generic core scales and rheumatology module

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-hong Wu ◽  
Feng-qi Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jian-ming Lai ◽  
Gai-xiu Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Generic Core Scale ◽  
Remission Period ◽  
Pedsql 4.0 ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may seriously affects patients’ quality of life (QoL), but it was rarely focused and studied in China, so we explore JIA children’s QoL using Chinese version of the PedsQL4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, and analyzed the psychometric properties of these two Scales among Chinese JIA children. Methods We recruited 180 JIA patients from Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics and Hebei Yanda Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. The questionnaires include information related on JIA, PedsQL4.0 generic core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scales. According to the disease type, onset age of and course of JIA, we divided them into different groups, then compared the QoL status among different groups. Moreover, we analyzed the reliability and validity of these two scales in these 180 JIA children. Results The mean score of PedsQL4.0 generic core scale on these 180 patients was 82.85 ± 14.82, for these in active period was 72.05 ± 15.29, in remission period was 89.77 ± 9.23; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 77.05 ± 19.11, 84.33 ± 12.46 and 87.12 ± 10.23. The mean score of PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale on 180 patients was 91.22 ± 9.45, for these in active period was 84.70 ± 11.37, in remission period was 95.43 ± 4.48; the QoL score of systemic, polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients were 89.41 ± 11.54, 89.38 ± 10.08 and 93.71 ± 6.92. In the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core scale, the α coefficients of total scale and almost every dimension are all greater than 0.8 except for the school activity dimension of 0.589; the correlation coefficients of 22 items’ scores (total 23 items) with the scores of dimensions they belong to are greater than 0.5 (maximum value is 0.864), and the other one is 0.406. In PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale, except for the treatment and worry dimensions of 0.652 and 0.635, the α coefficients of other dimensions and the total scale are all greater than 0.7; the correlation coefficients of all items’ score were greater than 0.5 (the maximum is 0.933, the minimum is 0.515). Conclusions The QoL of Chinese JIA children is worse than their healthy peers, these in active period and diagnosed as systemic type were undergoing worst quality of life. The reliability and validity of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and PedsQL3.0 Rheumatology Module scale in Chinese JIA children are satisfactory, and can be used in clinical and scientific researches.

scholarly journals An Electromyographic Analysis of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles in Performance of Craniocervical Flexion

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Gwendolen Jull ◽  
Paul Dall'Alba ◽  
Alberto Rainoldi ◽  
Roberto Merletti
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reliability Estimates ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electromyographic Analysis ◽  
Electromyographic Signals

Abstract Background and Purpose. This study evaluated an electromyographic technique for the measurement of muscle activity of the deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles. Electromyographic signals were detected from the DCF, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and anterior scalene (AS) muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test, which involves performing 5 stages of increasing craniocervical flexion range of motion—the anatomical action of the DCF muscles. Subjects. Ten volunteers without known pathology or impairment participated in this study. Methods. Root-mean-square (RMS) values were calculated for the DCF, SCM, and AS muscles during performance of the CCF test. Myoelectric signals were recorded from the DCF muscles using bipolar electrodes placed over the posterior oropharyngeal wall. Reliability estimates of normalized RMS values were obtained by evaluating intraclass correlation coefficients and the normalized standard error of the mean (SEM). Results. A linear relationship was evident between the amplitude of DCF muscle activity and the incremental stages of the CCF test (F=239.04, df=36, P&lt;.0001). Normalized SEMs in the range 6.7% to 10.3% were obtained for the normalized RMS values for the DCF muscles, providing evidence of reliability for these variables. Discussion and Conclusion. This approach for obtaining a direct measure of the DCF muscles, which differs from those previously used, may be useful for the examination of these muscles in future electromyographic applications.

scholarly journals The lunar and solar diurnal variations of water-level in a well at Kew observatory, Richmond

1918 ◽  
Vol 94 (663) ◽  
pp. 476-478
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Nearest Point ◽  
Similar Relation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean

In a paper communicated to the Royal Meteorological Society, it was shown that the experimental well at Kew Observatory responded to the lunar fortnightly oscillation of mean level in the River Thames, which is 300 yards from the Observatory at its nearest point. The sensitiveness of the water-level to barometric pressure has also been investigated, and the results have been given in a paper recently read before the Royal Society. The present paper deals with the effects of the short-period tides in the solar and lunar series, S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , and M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 . Two-hourly measurements, both in lunar and solar time, were made on the traces obtained during the first two years, August, 1914-August, 1916, omitting days of very irregular movement. Monthly mean inequalities were then computed. Well marked solar and lunar diurnal variations were found in each month, taking the form of double oscillations with two maxima and two minima during the 24 hours. The range of movement was in each case found to be highly associated with the mean height of the water in the well, the correlation coefficients being 0·89 (lunar) and 0·90 (solar). A similar relation had been previously found to exist in the case of barometric pressure.

Estimating meiotic chromosome pairing and recombination parameters in telocentric trisomics

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sybenga ◽  
H. Verhaar ◽  
D.G.A. Botje
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Chromosome 1R

Telocentric trisomics (telotrisomics; one arm of a metacentric chromosome present in addition to two complete genomes) are used in theoretical studies of pairing affinities and chiasma formation in competitive situations and applied in genome analysis, gene localization, gene transfer, and breakage of close linkages. These applications require knowledge of the recombination characteristics of telotrisomics. Appropriate cytological and molecular markers and favorable chromosome morphology are not always available or applicable for quantitative analyses. We developed new mathematical models for extracting the maximum information from simple metaphase I observations. Two types of telotrisomics of the short arm of chromosome 1R of rye ( Secale cereale ), including several genotypes, were used as test material. In simple telotrisomics, pairing between morphologically identical complete chromosomes was more frequent than pairing between the telocentric and either of the normal chromosomes. In the telocentric substitution, morphologically identical telocentrics paired less frequently with each other than either one with the normal chromosome. Pairing partner switch was significant. Interaction between the two arms was variable. Variation within plants was considerable. Telotrisomics without markers are suitable for analyzing pairing preferences, for gene localization and gene transfer, and for breaking tight linkages, but less so for genome analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a treadmill with integrated force plates for kinetic gait analysis of sound and lame dogs at a trot

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. M. Moens ◽  
J. R. Runciman ◽  
N. S. Brebner
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Belt Speed ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Good Concordance

SummaryThe objective was to compare mean peak vertical force (PVF) obtained with a treadmill with two integrated force plates (TM) with the piezoelectric force platform (FP) for sound and lame dogs at a trot. The aim was also to report the inter-step variability (ISV) for both systems and the effect of lameness on these values. Six sound dogs (20.0–25.5 kg) and six dogs with a grade 2/5 forelimb lameness (17.0–36.1 kg) were used in the study. Dogs were acclimatized and assigned an individual target velocity (1.8–2.2 m/s). Mean PVF measurements were obtained for both TM and FP. Subject velocity was controlled by belt speed on TM and restricted to 0.25 M/s above or below the assigned target velocity for FP. Acceleration was limited to +/- 0.3 M/s2. For the sound dogs, concordance and correlation coefficients of the mean PVF for the front limbs was 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. Concordance and correlation for the rear limbs was 0.90 and 0.81, respectively. For the lame dogs, concordance and correlation for the front limbs was 0.73 and 0.59, respectively. Concordance and correlation for the rear limbs was 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. ISV was 0.94 with TM and 0.84 with FP for the sound dogs and 0.96 with TM and 0.87 with FP for the lame dogs. In conclusion, TM provided rapid PVF measurements, good concordance for the hind limbs, and substantial concordance for the forelimbs in both sound and lame dogs at a trot as compared to FP. Both systems demonstrated excellent ISV for both lame and sound dogs.

scholarly journals Shell Growth Pattern and Percentage Flesh Yield of the West African Clam, Galatea paradoxa (Born, 1778) from Itu Creek, Niger Delta Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
V.F. Akinjogunla ◽  
R.O. Moruf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Galatea Paradoxa

Shell Morphometry is a fundamental tool for the evaluation of phenotypic stocks. The shell growth pattern and percentage flesh yield of Galatea paradoxa from Itu Creek in Niger Delta were investigated using standard morphometric methods. The mean in centimeter (cm) of 9.71±0.09, 35.02±0.22, 23.21±0.12, 37.11±0.25, 29.31±0.16 and 7.32±0.04 were recorded for shell length, maximum width, maximum height, nacre length, nacre width and hinge length respectively. Mean live weight of 115.70±1.09 g, mean flesh weight of 37.91 ± 0.23g and mean shell weight of 66.82±0.97 g were recorded for this species. Galatea paradoxa showed negative allometric growth (b < 3) while the correlation coefficients (r) in all the shell variables were far below „1‟, indicating a week correlation between the parameters. About 19% of the live weight of the clam is made up of flesh by weight. Keywords: Bivalve, Clam, Shell dimension, Niger Delta.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

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