Potato breeding with haploids and 2n gametes

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1000-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Peloquin ◽  
Georgia L. Yerk ◽  
Joanna E. Werner ◽  
Elizabeth Darmo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Essential Components

Potato breeding methods that utilize haploids of Solanum tuberosum group Tuberosum or group Andigena and 2n gametes exploit the genetic diversity, including both valuable traits and allelic diversity, available in exotic germ plasm. Three essential components are involved: (i) the wild and cultivated 2x relatives of the cultivated 4x potato are a valuable source of genetic diversity; (ii) haploids (2n = 2x = 24) of cultivars (2n = 4x = 48) are effective in capturing diversity (germ plasm enhancement); (iii) 2n gametes, resulting from first division restitution, are an efficient method of transmitting this genetic diversity to cultivated 4x potatoes. Heterosis for total and marketable tuber yield and specific gravity occurs in 4x families from crosses between 4x cultivars and 2x haploid Tuberosum × 'Phureja' hybrids. Selected 4x clones from relatively small 4x × 2x families have been released as cultivars based on their earliness and heat tolerance in the tropics. Other 4x clones from 4x × 2x crosses, where the 2x parents were haploid – wild species hybrids, have good yield, excellent tuber type, high specific gravity, low reducing sugars, storage quality, and stress tolerance. The seedling vigor, uniformity, and large tuber yields of progeny from 4x × 2x crosses also makes this an effective breeding method for producing potatoes from true potato seed. This breeding method is also being successfully exploited in alfalfa, red clover, sweet potatoes, yams and several species of grasses, fruits, and ornamentals.Key words: potato, haploids, 2n gametes, germ plasm, allelic diversity.

Synaptic mutants in potato, Solanum tuberosum L. I. Expression and identity of genes for desynapsis

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jongedijk ◽  
M. S. Ramanna
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Recessive Inheritance ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Specific Influence

For tuber-bearing Solanum species, six monogenic recessive synaptic mutants, designated sy-1, sy-2, sy-3, sy-4, ds, and dsc have been reported in the literature. In the present investigation no indication for the existence of the mutant sy-1, affecting megasporogenesis only, was found. The mutant ds was confirmed to display typical desynaptic behaviour in microsporogenesis and shown to similarly affect megasporogenesis. It furthermore proved to be allelic to the mutants sy-3 and dsc. It is proposed that the mutants sy-3, ds, and dsc be uniformly designated ds-1, whereas the remaining mutants sy-2 and sy-4 (possibly identical) may be designated simply as synaptic mutant until their actual identity has been established. The observed F1 segregations generally support monogenic recessive inheritance of ds-1. However, in one cross progeny the expected mutant phenotype was not clearly expressed in contrast with its reciprocal, which might indicate cross-specific influence of the cytoplasm on ds-1 expression. The potential value and limitations of desynaptic (ds-1ds-1) mutants for potato breeding and true potato seed production are discussed.Key words: Solanum, (de)synaptic mutants, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, 2n gametes.

Synaptic mutants in potato, Solanum tuberosum L. III. Effect of the Ds-1/ds-1 locus (desynapsis) on genetic recombination in male and female meiosis

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jongedijk ◽  
R. C. B. Hutten ◽  
J. M. A. S. A. van der Wolk ◽  
S. I. J. Schuurmans Stekhoven
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny

By applying half-tetrad analysis to segregating tetraploid progeny that had been raised from 2x–4x and 2x–2x crosses, five marker loci (ym, y, Got-1, Got-2, and ds-1) were mapped to their respective centromeres in male and female meiosis of both normal synaptic and desynaptic (ds-1ds-1) diploid potato clones. Significant sex differences in genetic recombination for these loci did not occur in either normal plants or desynaptic mutants, which suggests that genetic exchange in both the sexes is governed by the same control system. In desynaptic mutants a severe reduction in crossing-over was observed for ym and.y (83.7 an 90.0% reduction, respectively), whereas recombination rates for Got-2 appeared to have systematically, although not significantly, increased. The ds-1 gene was concluded to substantially reduce the overall chiasma frequency and to differentially alter chiasma distribution along individual chromosomes. Based on segregation ratios in progeny from different types of testcrosses, first division restitution (FDR) and second division restitution (SDR) 2n gametes formed by normal synaptic plants were estimated to transmit on average about 82.7 and 36.1 %, respectively, of the parental heterozygosity to tetraploids. With desynapsis the average amount of heterozygosity transmitted by FDR 2n gametes amounted to 94.1%. SDR 2n gametes from desynaptic mutants are sterile as a result of aneuploidy. The ds-1 gene was demonstrated to particularly enhance the ability of FDR 2n gametes to preserve the genetic constitution of diploid parental clones with a minimum amount of reassortment. The potential value and limitations of the ds-1 gene for the production of true potato seed varieties and the experimental induction of diplosporic apomixis are discussed.Key words: Solanum, genetic markers, gene–centromere mapping, desynapsis, reduced recombination.

scholarly journals Performance of Commercially Available True Potato Seed Hybrids Grown from Tubers

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Love ◽  
Bruce K. Werner ◽  
Horia I. Groza ◽  
Asunta Thompson-Johns
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
French Fry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Fry Color ◽  
Foliar Traits

Nine commercially available true potato seed (TPS) hybrids were compared to four standard clonal cultivars with respect to mean and uniformity of foliar characteristics and tuber traits important to the North American potato industry. The TPS hybrids were planted using second vegetative generation tubers derived originally from botanical seed. Ten plants from each plot were individually evaluated for plant height, vine maturity, early blight symptoms, and verticillium wilt symptoms. Following harvest, yield was determined and the tubers were rated or measured for appearance, shape, specific gravity, and french fry color. The TPS hybrids had mean values for all tuber and foliar traits, except plant height, that were not significantly different from those of one or more of the cultivars; generally, values for the hybrids fell amid those of the cultivars. Two of the hybrids were taller on average than any of the four cultivars. In contrast to the means, trait uniformity of the TPS hybrids was consistently less than for the cultivars. For all foliar traits, except plant height, the TPS hybrids were substantially less uniform than the standard cultivars. For specific gravity and french fry color, two important processing quality traits, the hybrids tended to be less uniform than the cultivars; however, the difference was much less pronounced than for the foliar traits. Four of the hybrids were not significantly less uniform than one or more of the cultivars for french fry color and seven were not less uniform for specific gravity. For many market uses, the TPS hybrids appeared to have the tuber yield and quality characteristics needed to compete with standard clonally propagated cultivars.

Effect of supplemental nitrogen on true potato seed weight

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pallais ◽  
S. Villagarcia ◽  
N. Fong ◽  
J. Tapia ◽  
R. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed

On-farm Development of Potato Production from True Seed in Indonesia

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Gunadi ◽  
M. J. Potts ◽  
R. Sinung-Basuki ◽  
Greta A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Comparable Quality ◽  
Better Than

SummaryThree seasons of on-farm experimentation to develop potato production from botanical or true potato seed (TPS) under cool fertile conditions in West Java, Indonesia, are described. Twenty-three farmers experimented with two production systems: use of transplants, and use of seedling tubers produced in nursery beds. There was little yield difference between the systems, but an apparent progeny × system × season interaction was observed. All progenies were more resistant to late blight than the present cultivars grown from tubers. Appropriate matching of progeny and system gave seed of comparable quality with, but total yields slightly less than, certified imported seed of cv. Granola. Ware quality was slightly better than that of cv. Granola. Production costs were markedly less than for a tuber crop, making TPS ideal for small, resource-poor farmers.

Field evaluation of true potato seed progenies in the Philippines

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vander Zaag ◽  
B. Susana ◽  
Z. Ganga ◽  
S. Gayao
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed

Effect of Gibberellic Acid on the Growth Rate and Physiological Age of Tubers Cultivated from True Potato Seed

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios A. Alexopoulos ◽  
Ioannis C. Karapanos ◽  
Konstantinos A. Akoumianakis ◽  
Harold C. Passam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed

Effect of potato spindle tuber viroid on sexual reproduction and viroid transmission in true potato seed

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Grasmick ◽  
S. A. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Viroid Infection

The effect of potato spindle tuber viroid infection on pollen viability, fruit-set, botanical seed set, seed weight, and seed germination in potatoes was determined. Pollen collected from the infected cultivar 'Monona' was less viable than pollen collected from healthy plants. Pollen collected from infected plants reduced seed set significantly but did not reduce fruit development or seed set in all cultivars tested. For some cultivars, infected maternal plants increased the frequency of fruit development and seed weight compared with healthy controls. True potato seed from viroid-infected 'Katahdin' × 'Superior' crosses germinated at a higher rate than did seed from comparable uninfected parents. Progeny from viroid-infected parents that exhibited potato spindle tuber viroidlike symptoms did not always test positive for potato spindle tuber viroid by bioassay or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis tests. Efficiency of potato spindle tuber viroid detection by bioassay was highest for seedlings 2 weeks after imbibition. Potato spindle tuber viroid was detected in 100% of the progeny tested after true potato seed was stored at 4 °C for 12 years. Tests on selfed true potato seed from the viroid-infected cultivar 'Monona' demonstrated a transmission rate of 100% after subinoculation of initial bioassay plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Postharvest Application of Carvone on Potato Tubers Grown from True Potato Seed (TPS)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 166-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Karanisa ◽  
K. Akoumianakis ◽  
A. Alexopoulos ◽  
I. Karapanos
Keyword(s):  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Postharvest Application
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