Genetic analysis of epicuticular wax production in alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
D. A. Johnson ◽  
M. D. Rumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Wax Production

Epicuticular wax production increases in drought-stressed plants and has been identified as a potential drought resistance selection criterion. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic variances and narrow-sense heritability of epicuticular wax production in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). These parameters were determined from a 14 parent diallel cross that included all possible progeny combinations. Cross progenies, selfed progenies, and reciprocal crosses were grown in a space-plant nursery at Logan, Utah. Epicuticular wax was determined gravimetrically after washing 100 cm2 of leaves (2.5 g) in carbon tetrachloride. General combining ability was significant (P < 0.05), and estimated heritability was 35% from one harvest in 1985. Specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were not significant. A subset of six parents and their progenies were sampled for two harvests in 1986. The general combining ability by harvest interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for epicuticular wax production, indicating that the true narrow-sense heritability may be lower than 35%. The range in epicuticular wax production among harvests was as great as among progenies. A greater diversity of genetic material would be useful in a selection program for epicuticular wax production in alfalfa.Key words: Medicago sativa, heritability, drought resistance, genetic variability, diallel analysis.

scholarly journals Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Fruit Quality in Pear

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Bell ◽  
Jules Janick
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Selection Of

Narrow-sense heritability estimates were computed for five fruit quality characteristics and their weighted total index. Grit content and skin russeting were moderately heritable traits, while flesh texture, flavor, appearance, and the weighted total score were of relatively low heritability. Within sub-populations of crosses, defined by the species ancestry of the parents, the relative magnitudes of heritabilities for each trait varied, but were in general agreement with those for the entire population. The general combining ability variances were 4.5 to 12.0 times those for specific combining ability, although both were statistically significant for all traits and the weighted quality index. The species ancestry of a parent had no effect on its general combining ability rank. While selection of individual seedlings on the basis of their own phenotype will result in genetic improvement for grit and russet, selection based on a combination of full-sib family means and individual phenotypes is recommended for flavor, texture, appearance, and overall fruit quality.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heritability of selected rice varieties for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshdfar ◽  
Babak Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was conducted to determine the combining ability and heritability of rice grain yield, its components and some grain quality traits such as amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and head rice recovery (HRR). The study was commenced by crossing the selected rice varieties based on a full diallel mating design. The F1 was harvested at the end of the season. In the following season, the crossed, reciprocal and parental lines were planted in randomly complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method showed highly significant differences for GCA for number of panicles per plant (PN), amylose content, gelatinization temperature and head rice recovery. Highly significant differences were also observed for both SCA and REC for all evaluated characters. The results showed that the grain yield (GY), number of filled grains (FGN), 100-grain weight (HGW) and GC were controlled by non-additive gene action, while the inheritance of PN, AC, GT and HRR were largely controlled by additive gene effects, although non- additive genetic components and reciprocal effect were also involved, which suggest that a selection process could be done in the early generations. The two improved lines (RI18442-1 and RI18430-46) were found to be good general combiners for GY and FGN, while the best combiners for PN was Tarom Mohali and IR50 and for HGW was RI18430-46. The best combinations for GY were RI18430-46 ? IR50, Tarom Mohali ? RI18447-2 and Daylamani ? RI18430-46. The good hybrids were Tarom Mohali ? IR50, Line23 ? RI18447-2 and Line23 ? Backcross line for AC. Narrow sense heritability showed that the GY and GC had the lowest values while the other traits had either moderate or high heritability, which indicates selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favorable genes. In present study, narrow sense heritability was high for AC and moderate for GT, PN and HRR.

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

scholarly journals Diallel Anaysis of Oil Production Components in Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Wilson ◽  
Michael R. Baring ◽  
Mark D. Burow ◽  
William L. Rooney ◽  
Charles E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Ability Estimates ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Very High

Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) has the potential to become a major source of biodiesel, but for market viability, peanut oil yields must increase. Oil yield in peanut is influenced by many different components, including oil concentration, seed mass, and mean oil produced per seed. All of these traits can potentially be improved through selection as long as there is sufficient genetic variation. To assess the variation for these traits, a diallel mating design was used to estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability, and heritability. General combining ability estimates were significant for oil concentration, weight of 50 sound mature kernels (50 SMK), and mean milligrams oil produced per SMK (OPS). Specific combining ability was significant for oil concentration. Reciprocal effects were detected for OPS. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were very high for oil concentration and 50 SMK and low for OPS. The low OPS heritability estimate was caused by the negative correlation between oil concentration and seed size. Consequently, oil concentration and seed mass alone can be improved through early generation selection, but large segregating populations from high oil crosses will be needed to identify progeny with elevated oil concentrations that maintain acceptable seed sizes.

GENETIC VARIANCE OF PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN ALFALFA HERBAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
S. R. BOWLEY ◽  
B. D. McKERSIE
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Protein hydrolysis can be extensive during ensiling of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) herbage. Such hydrolysis lengthens the ensiling phase and reduces the quality of the resultant feed. The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the genetic variance and narrow-sense heritability (via a half-sib analysis) of proteolytic activity in an alfalfa breeding population (OAC-A83); and (2) to estimate the genetic diversity among related Medicago subspecies (M. falcata, M. varia, M. praefalcata and M. glomerata), M. sativa introductions, and two cultivars, Iroquois and OAC Minto. An in vitro procedure was used to quantify proteolytic activity, which was expressed as milligrams of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble leucine equivalents per gram fresh leaf weight, released during a 7-d incubation. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were found among the half-sib families of OAC-A83. The narrow-sense heritability of proteolytic activity was low (13.9%). The expected response to selection for low proteolytic activity, if the top 10% of the plants were recombined, was 5% of the OAC-A83 population mean. Although significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained among the Medicago introductions, none of the introductions or subspecies tested had lower proteolytic activity than that found in the two cultivars tested (Iroquois and OAC Minto). It was concluded that, although possible, genetic improvement of proteolytic potential in alfalfa may not be easily obtained. In the short term, rapid lowering of silage pH (e.g., bacterial inoculants or acid additives) will likely remain the most effective means of controlling protein degradation in alfalfa silage.Key words: Medicago sativa L., silage, ensiling, soluble nonprotein nitrogen, heritability, alfalfa

scholarly journals Heritability of Dollar Spot Resistance in Creeping Bentgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Spot Disease

The dollar spot disease incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is an important disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. Despite recent research, the genetic mechanism of dollar spot resistance in turfgrasses is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine narrow-sense heritability and predicted gain from selection for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass and (ii) evaluate inheritance characteristics of dollar spot disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as the detection of major genes, heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible bent-grass clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with one isolate of S. homoeocarpa applied at a rate of 0.25 g m-2 of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed over both years. Progeny from resistant × resistant crosses had significantly less disease severity than resistant × susceptible and susceptible × susceptible crosses. High narrow-sense heritability estimates (0.79 [2002], 0.79 [2003]) and large mean squares for general combining ability support the idea that additive gene action plays a significant role in disease resistance and support previous research that dollar spot resistance is most likely quantitatively inherited.

Potential to increase yield in lucerne (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa) through introgression of Medicago sativa subsp. falcata into Australian adapted material

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Mackie ◽  
P. M. Pepper ◽  
K. F. Lowe ◽  
J. M. Musial ◽  
J. A. G. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Heterotic Group ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Residual Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Diallel Design

The effect of interspecific heterosis in crosses between Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and M. sativa subsp. falcata was assessed. Three sativa and 3 falcata plants were crossed in a diallel design. Progeny dry matter yield and natural plant height were assessed in a replicated field experiment at Gatton, Queensland. Yield data were analysed using the method of residual maximum likelihood (REML) and Griffing’s model 1. There were significant differences between the reciprocal, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. As expected, S1 populations were lower yielding than their respective intraspecific cross and falcata × falcata crosses were significantly lower yielding than sativa × sativa crosses. Some of the interspecific crosses indicated substantial SCA effects, yielding at least as well as the best sativa × sativa crosses. We have demonstrated the potential usefulness of unselected M. sativa subsp. falcata as a heterotic group in the improvement of yield in northern Australian adapted lucerne material, and discuss how it could be incorporated into future breeding to overcome the yield stagnation currently being experienced in Australian programs.

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