Isolation and characterization of wheat–Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E and 5E addition and substitution lines

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Tuleen ◽  
G. E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5

Isozyme markers were used to develop Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring–Elytrigia elongata (= Agropyron elongatum, 2n = 14, genome E) disomic 3E and 5E addition lines. Subsequently, all possible lines containing 3E and 5E substituted for wheat homoeologues and several 3E and 5E ditelosomic addition and substitution lines were developed. Plants containing chromosome 3E substituted for wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 are similar to 'Chinese Spring' in vigor and fertility while plants containing 3EL substituted for chromosomes of group 3 are less fertile than 'Chinese Spring'. This indicates that both arms of 3E are involved in sporophytic compensation. Plants containing chromosome 5E substituted for wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 are as vigorous but less fertile than 'Chinese Spring'. 5EL (5A) and 5EL (5B) plants are lower in fertility than 5E (5A) and 5E (5B) plants, indicating that both arms of 5E are involved in sporophytic compensation. 5E (5D) and 5EL (5D) plants are similar in fertility. Male gametophytes in which 3E or 5E replaces a wheat homoeologue function at a lower rate than normal gametes.Key words: wheat, Triticum, Elytrigia elongata, alien chromosome addition lines.

scholarly journals Use of isozymes as chromosome markers in the isolation and characterization of wheat-barley chromosome addition lines

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
A. K. M. R. Islam ◽  
K. W. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

SUMMARYThe alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), aminopeptidase (AMP), endopeptidase (EP), and esterase (EST) zymogram phenotypes of Chinese Spring wheat, Betzes barley, Chinese Spring-Betzes heptaploids, and a number of presumptive Betzes chromosome additions to Chinese Spring were determined. It was found that four disomic chromosome addition lines could be distinguished from one another and from the other three possible lines on the basis of the zymogram phenotypes of these isozymes.The structural gene Adh-H1 was located in Betzes chromosome 4, the genes Got-H2 and Amp-H1 in chromosome 6, and the gene Ep-H1 in chromosome 1. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between Betzes chromosomes 4, 6, and 1 and the Chinese Spring chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4, 6, and 7, respectively.

scholarly journals Chromosomal locations of eleven Elytrigia elongata (= Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
Neal A. Tuleen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Valuable Role

SUMMARYThe zymogram phenotypes of 11 enzymes were determined for 22 Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Elytrigia elongata disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Eleven isozyme structural genes were located in specific arms of six E. elongata chromosomes, as follows: Gpi-E1 in 1ES, Est-E1 in 3ES, Got-E3 in 3EL, Adh-E1 and Lpx-E1 in 4ES, Adh-E2 and Lpx-E2 in 5EL, Amp-E1 in 6Eα, Adh-E3 and Got-E2 in 6Eβ, and Ep-E1 in 7EL. The E. elongata chromosomes present in five disomic addition lines have previously been designated 1E, 2E, 4E, 6E, and 7E to indicate their homoeology with Chinese Spring chromosomes. The results of this study support these designations. The development of disomic putative 3E and 5E addition lines is reported. The added chromosomes designated IV, V, and VI that are present in three of the seven original disomic T. aestivum-E. elongata addition lines are translocated. Evidence that VL and VIL are opposite arms of 2E and that IV is partially homoeologous to 3E has been published. The results reported in this paper indicate that IVS = 3ES, IVL = 7EL, VS = 3ES, and VIS = 5ES and are consistent with VL and VIL being opposite arms of 2E. The synteny relationships of the 11 E. elongata isozyme genes identified in this study are fully consistent with those of homoeologous T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring genes and thus provide evidence that the gene synteny groups which these two species inherited from their common ancestor are conserved. This study further documents the valuable role that studies of isozyme genes can play in the isolation, characterization, and maintenance of alien chromosomes, telosomes, and chromosomal segments in wheat strains.

scholarly journals The genetic control of hexokinase isozymes in wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Glucose Phosphate Isomerase ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines

SUMMARYIn extracts of mature wheat grains, 13 hexokinase isozymes were distinguished by IEF. The genes controlling the production of five isozymes were located on chromosome arms 1BS, 1DS and 3BS by nullisomic analysis. The three loci, part of two homoeoallelic series (Hk-1 and Hk-2) are designated Hk-B1, Hk-D1 and Hk-B2 respectively. Analysis of chromosome 1D short-arm terminal deletions indicated the Hk-D1 locus to be located proximally to the glucose phosphate isomerase locus, Gpi-D1 on the shortarm. Three variant HK phenotypes were distinguished amongst 55 hexaploid wheats examined. Analysis of seven Chinese Spring/Agropyron elongatum chromosome addition lines showed that Ag. elongatum isozymes were expressed in the wheat background in additions IV and V.

Standard karyotype of Triticum longissimum and its cytogenetic relationship with T. aestivum

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Friebe ◽  
Neal Tuleen ◽  
Jiming Jiang ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Standard Karyotype ◽  
Fertility Genes

C-banding polymorphism was analyzed in 17 accessions of Triticum longissimum from Israel and Jordan, and a generalized idiogram of this species was established. C-banding analysis was further used to identify two sets of disomic T. aestivum – T. longissimum chromosome addition lines and 13 ditelosomic addition lines and one monotelosomic (6S1L) addition line. C-banding was also used to identify T. aestivum – T. longissimum chromosome substitution and translocation lines. Two major nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) on 5S1 and 6S1 and one minor NOR on 1S1 were detected by in situ hybridization using a 18S–26S rDNA probe. Sporophytic and gametophytic compensation tests were used to determine the homoeologous relationships of T. longissimum chromosomes. The T. longissimum chromosomes compensate rather well and fertility was restored even in substitution lines involving wheat chromosomes 2A, 4B, and 6B that contain major fertility genes. Except for the deleterious gametocidal genes, T. longissimum can be considered as a suitable donor of useful genes for wheat improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Triticum longissimum, homoeology, C-banding, in situ hybridization.

CYTOGENETICS OF SOLID STEM IN COMMON WHEAT: II. STEM SOLIDNESS OF MONOSOMIC LINES OF THE VARIETY S-615

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
M. D. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Solid Stem ◽  
Group 5

Lines of a variety of common wheat, S-615, monosomic for chromosomes III and XVI of homoeologous group 3 had culms less solid in the top internode than normal S-615. Monosomics of homoeologous group 5, namely, V, IX, and XVIII, were less solid in the bottom four internodes than S-615. These five chromosomes carry genes for solid stem in this variety. Monosomics XIX, XX, and XXI, the D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous groups 6, 2, and 7 respectively, were more solid than the normal check in both top and lower internodes, indicating that the missing chromosomes carry genes for hollow stem. Chromosome XIII, a homoeologue of XX, which in Chinese Spring has a gene for hollow stem, does not affect the amount of pith in the culm of S-615.The concept of the culm phenotype in a given environment resulting from an interaction of genes promoting pith development and those opposing it makes it possible to reconcile results of genetic experiments on solid stem in wheat that previously appeared contradictory.

Mapping barley genes to chromosome arms by transcript profiling of wheat–barley ditelosomic chromosome addition lines

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Bilgic ◽  
Seungho Cho ◽  
David F. Garvin ◽  
Gary J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome 4H

Wheat–barley disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines have been used as genetic tools for a range of applications since their development in the 1980s. In the present study, we used the Affymetrix Barley1 GeneChip for comparative transcript analysis of the barley cultivar Betzes, the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, and Chinese Spring – Betzes ditelosomic chromosome addition lines to physically map barley genes to their respective chromosome arm locations. We mapped 1257 barley genes to chromosome arms 1HS, 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 3HL, 4HS, 4HL, 5HS, 5HL, 7HS, and 7HL based on their transcript levels in the ditelosomic addition lines. The number of genes assigned to individual chromosome arms ranged from 24 to 197. We validated the physical locations of the genes through comparison with our previous chromosome-based physical mapping, comparative in silico mapping with rice and wheat, and single feature polymorphism (SFP) analysis. We found our physical mapping of barley genes to chromosome arms to be consistent with our previous physical mapping to whole chromosomes. In silico comparative mapping of barley genes assigned to chromosome arms revealed that the average genomic synteny to wheat and rice chromosome arms was 63.2% and 65.5%, respectively. In the 1257 mapped genes, we identified SFPs in 924 genes between the appropriate ditelosomic line and Chinese Spring that supported physical map placements. We also identified a single small rearrangement event between rice chromosome 9 and barley chromosome 4H that accounts for the loss of synteny for several genes.

scholarly journals The genetic control of triosephosphate isomerase of hexaploid wheat and other Triticeae species

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pietro ◽  
Gary E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryThe zymogram phenotypes of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were determined for a large number of aneuploid derivatives of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ and for six wheat-alien species chromosome addition series. Examination of the available compensating nullisomic-tetrasomic and homoeologous groups 3 and 5 ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring disclosed that T. aestivum possesses two systems of dimeric TPI isozymes, designated TPI-1 and TPI-2. The genes TPI-A1, TPI-B1 and TPI-D1 were located in Chinese Spring chromosome arms 3Ap, 3Bp and 3Dp, respectively and the genes TPI-A2, TPI-B2 and TPI-D2 in chromosome arms 5Aq, 5Bq and 5Dq, respectively. TPI-1 genes were also located in Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes chromosome 3H, T. longissimum chromosome G, Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E, and Secale cereale cvs. Imperial and Dakold chromosome 3R. TPI-2 genes were found in Betzes chromosome 5H, T. umbellulatum chromosome 5U, T. longissimum chromosome F, and Imperial and Dakold chromosome 5R. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between the alien chromosomes in which the genes are located and the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3 and 5 of Chinese Spring, respectively. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a TPI-R2 gene in each of the T. aestivum cv. Kharkov -S. cereale cv. Dakold chromosome addition lines studied suggesting that this gene is present in the wheat genome in each member of this addition series.

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