Meiosis in interspecific Hordeum hybrids. IV. Tetraploid (4x × 4x) hybrids

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Jan Flink ◽  
Tomas Landström
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Hordeum Brevisubulatum ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

The meiotic pairing behaviour of 31 interspecific combinations of tetraploid Hordeum species are reported. The autoploid H. bulbosum with the II genomic constitution has no homology to the other species. The constitution of tetraploid H. murinum is not clear, but it is not homologous to other tetraploids. Hordeum marinum is a probable autoploid (XX) but with a very strong genetic regulation of pairing. The X genome is possibly found in H. secalinum and H. capense, both of which also possess the H genome in several diploids. Hordeum fuegianum, H. tetraploidum, H. jubatum, H. brachyantherum, and H. roshevitzii are segmental alloploids all with the same two partly homoeologous genomes. Hordeum depressum is probably a segmental alloploid with the H genome and with a very strong pairing regulation. Hordeum brevisubulatum is a pure autoploid with two homologous H genomes.Key words: Hordeum, interspecific hybrids, meiosis, tetraploids.

Meiosis in interspecific Hordeum hybrids. I. Diploid combinations

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Von Bothmer ◽  
Jan Flink ◽  
Thomas Landström
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

The meiotic pairing behaviour of 39 new interspecific combinations between diploid Hordeum species are reported. On the basis of this data, four "basic genomes" are probably present in the genus. Hordeum bulbosum and H. vulgare have the same genome (I); H. marinum ("X") and H. murinum ("Y") each have one distinct genome. All other diploid taxa have either the same or a somewhat modified form of genome H. In this latter group of diploids, the South American taxa together with H. pusillum and H. intercedens in North America constitue a homogeneous group with respect to genomic structure, which differs somewhat from that found in the other Asiatic and North American species. Hordeum roshevitzii from Central Asia is unique, showing high affinity to both the Asiatic and to the American taxa. Evidence suggesting genetic regulation of chromosome pairing (both pairing promoting and pairing reducing) was obtained from a number of the diploid hybrids.Key words: Hordeum, interspecific hybrids, meiosis, diploids.

The Effect of Homoeologous Meiotic Pairing in Tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum L. × H. vulgare L. Hybrids on Alien Introgressions in Offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Scholz ◽  
Galina Pendinen
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Introgression Breeding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

The pairing behaviour of the individual chromosome arms of Hordeum vulgare (Hv) with their homoeologous arms of H. bulbosum (Hb) at metaphase I of meiosis in tetraploid Hb × Hv hybrids and the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosome arms in selfed offspring were studied on differentially visualized chromosomes after fluorescent in situ hybridisation. The frequencies of paired Hv-Hb arms in the F2 and F3 hybrids were correlated with the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosomes in progenies. Self-generation of hybrids, the number of Hv and Hb chromosomes, and the number of recombined Hv chromosomes of the hybrids strongly influenced the Hv-Hb pairing frequency in meiosis. Within the offspring of F2 and F3 hybrids both Hv plants and hybrids were detected. In contrast, all progenies of the F4 hybrid were hybrids which exhibited centromere misdivisions. The highest frequencies of homoeologous pairing in hybrids and most recombinants were obtained for the barley chromosome 1HL. Recombinants for 4HL, 5HS, 6HS, and 7HS were rarely found. Meiotic pairing and recombinants involving chromosome 1HS were never observed. The results of this study demonstrate that fertile tetraploid interspecific hybrids with a high intergenomic pairing at meiosis are valuable basic material for introgression breeding in barley.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of chromosome distribution to the poles in interspecific hybrids with variable chromosome pairing

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Sficas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Variable Amount ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Opposite Tendency

A probability distribution of chromosome separation to the poles was developed to test the randomness of movement of univalents in asynaptic material where a variable amount of meiotic pairing occurs. Two tables were calculated, one for 24 chromosomes which can be used for any even number equal or less than 24, and the other for 19 chromosomes which can be used for any odd number equal or less than 19.Three Nicotiana hybrids, namely N. glutinosa × N. otophora, N. glutinosa, N. sylvestris, and N. tabacum × N. glutinosa, and one polyhaploid were investigated. All hybrids had a tendency towards an equal distribution of unpaired chromosomes to the poles. The polyhaploid N. tabacum (with a substituted N. plumbaginifolia chromosome) had an opposite tendency, i.e. towards a flatter distribution than expected from random distribution of univalents. A short discussion of the problem is given.

Differences in meiotic pairing induction between the A genomes of Triticum boeoticum Boiss. and T. urartu Tum. using diploid species of the subtribe Triticineae as analysers

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lucas ◽  
J. Jahier
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Haynaldia Villosa ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Mother Cells

The number of associations between chromosome arms in the pollen mother cells of the hybrid Triticum boeoticum × T. urartu is similar to that in the pollen mother cells of the parental accessions. The latter two species were crossed with the following diploid species: T. tauschii, T. comosum, T. umbellulatum, and Haynaldia villosa. The meiotic behaviour of the hybrids showed that the chromosomes of T. urartu share more homology with the diploid Triticum species than do those of T. boeoticum. On the other hand, there is more pairing in the hybrid T. boeoticum × H. villosa than in T. urartu × H. villosa. These results confirm that T. boeoticum and T. urartu are distinct species. Key words: Triticineae, interspecific hybrids, meiotic behaviour, speciation.

Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids by meiotic analysis and genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
Robert L Conner ◽  
André Laroche ◽  
René Petroski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Partial Amphiploid ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

A combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and meiotic pairing analysis of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids was employed to identify the genomic constitution and relationships between partial amphiploids derived from wheat and wheatgrass crosses. On the basis of similarities in the meiotic behavior and GISH patterns, the alien chromosomes of two of eight partial amphiploids, TAF46 and 'Otrastayuskaya 38', were judged to originate from Th. intermedium, whereas Th. ponticum was one of the parents of the other six partial amphiploids; PWM706, PWM206, PWM209, PWMIII, OK7211542, and Ag-wheat hybrid. Each of these partial amphiploids was found to contain a synthetic alien genome composed of different combinations of St-, J-, or Js-genome chromosomes. For relatedness of partial amphiploid lines, meiotic analysis of F1 hybrids and GISH results were generally complementary, but the latter offered greater precision in identifying constituent genomes.Key words: wheat, Thinopyrum, partial amphiploids, GISH, meiotic analysis.

Genetic control of meiotic chromosome pairing in polyploids in the genus Hordeum

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Major Locus ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Existing Data

Existing data on meiosis in hexaploid and tetraploid species of Hordeum, their respective polyhaploids, and intergeneric – interspecific hybrids indicate that a meiotic pairing control system exists in this genus. The system is probably polygenic and it is therefore unlikely that a major locus such as Ph in Triticum controls chromosome pairing. It is more efficient in the tetraploids than hexaploids, permitting some intergenomic pairing in the latter. In the polyhaploids the pairing control is somewhat hemizygous ineffective. The pairing of homoeologous chromosomes in the wild polyploid Hordeum species is generally inhibited by H. vulgare and variably enhanced by genomes of Secale species.Key words: Hordeum, synapsis regulation, intergeneric hybrid, polyhaploids, hemizygous.

Interspecific hybridizations in the Elymus semicostatus group (Poaceae)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Subgroup Ii

Meiotic pairing in 16 interspecific hybrids in the genus Elymus is reported. The hybrids were made among seven species in the Elymus semicostatus group, viz., E. semicostatus, E. validus (subgroup I), E. abolinii (subgroup II), E. fedtschenkoi, E. nevskii, E. praeruptus (subgroup III), and E. panormitanus (subgroup IV). All species are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and possess the SY genomes. Meiotic pairing was distinctly higher in hybrids made within subgroups than between subgroups, but the genomes in E. panormitanus have differentiated from those in the other species. These results generally support the subdivision of the E. semicostatus group based on morphological data but also indicate that the subgroups are more distantly related than previously believed, and that the group may be nonmonophyletic.Key words: meiotic pairing, interspecific hybridization, relationships, Triticeae, Poaceae.

Structural hybridity and supernumerary chromosomes in a diploid Tradescantia hirsuticaulis

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Structural Hybridity ◽  
Supernumerary Chromosomes

Cytological study of a diploid (2n = 12) population of Tradescantia hirsuticaulis Small from Stone Mountain, Georgia, revealed striking variation in four plants growing in a cluster, indicating that they constitute different genotypes. The occurrence of B chromosomes, fragments, and aneusomaty in the plants is associated with structural hybridity in the chromosomes. Two plants were homozygotes with simple meiotic pairing, one was heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, and the other was a heterozygote for two interchanges as well as for inversions. The behavior and the origin of B chromosomes, fragments, and structural hybridity are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of auxin activty in tumourous and normal callus cultures from sunflower and tobacco plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chirek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Auxin Level ◽  
Avena Coleoptile ◽  
Auxin Activity ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Different Types

In normal and tumourous calluses of sunflower and tobacco the level of extractable auxins was determined by <i>Avena coleoptile</i> straight growth test. Auxin activity was detected practically in two zones: I - at position with R<sub>f</sub> 0.2-0.4 and II - at position with R<sub>f</sub> 0.6-0.9. The tumour tissues of sunflower and tobacco plants, representing different types of neoplastic growth exhibit a 3 times higher auxin activity as compared with that of the corresponding normal tissues. Tobacco tissues, on the other hand, had a higher auxin level than the corresponding sunflower tissues and they exhibited different proportions in the activity of zones I and II, which points to a dominance of genetic regulation of hormone metabolism in these plants.

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