Genetics and cytology of unreduced gametes in cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.)

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lelley ◽  
A. A. Mahmoud ◽  
V. Lein
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Cross

An inbred genotype of cultivated rye was found that produces unreduced gametes in a very regular fashion. In the cross progeny of this line with another inbred line, which did not show unreduced gametes, the inheritance of this phenomenon was studied. The formation of unreduced gametes appears to be a recessive trait controlled by more than one gene. Chiasma frequency in 4n PMCs is exactly twice that in 2n PMCs. In first metaphase of 4n PMCs only bivalents (no multivalents) were seen. The possible mechanism leading to unreduced gametes and its evolutionary implications are discussed. Key words: rye, unreduced gametes, polyploidy, genetic control, chiasma frequency.

Evidence of nonchiasmate bonds at metaphase I in inbred rye

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cermeño ◽  
J. Orellana ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Chromosome 1R ◽  
Metaphase I

The loss of bound chromosome arms through early, middle, and late metaphase I has been analyzed in a plant of inbred rye (Secale cereale L.) heterozygous for a terminal heterochromatic C-band of the long arm of chromosome 1R. From the increase in the number of univalent pairs due to bound arm loss, and from the comparison between the frequencies of bound arms at metaphase I and recombinant chromosomes at anaphase I, it is concluded that some of the chromosome bonds appearing at metaphase I are actually nonchiasmate associations that can be considered as remnants of prophase pairing. Conclusions concerning recombination obtained solely from the analysis of chiasma frequency measured as bound arms may be invalid.Key words: inbred rye, C-heterochromatin, meiotic pairing, nonchiasmate bonds.

Genetic control of esterase isoenzymes in rye (Secale cereale L.)

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schmidt-Stohn ◽  
P. Wehling
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Interstitial chiasmata and centromere orientation in heterozygotes for a translocation in rye

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Goicoechea ◽  
A. Roca ◽  
T. Naranjo ◽  
R. Giraldez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Recombination Fraction ◽  
Translocation Breakpoint ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Alternate Orientation ◽  
Chiasma Interference ◽  
Metaphase I

The meiotic behaviour of plants heterozygous for translocation T242W of rye (involving 2RL and 6RL) and an interstitial C-band in 2RL has been analyzed. Chain and frying pan quadrivalents predominate. The following results have further been obtained: (i) double chiasmata occur in the interstitial segment carrying the C-band; (ii) from the frequency of being bound at metaphase I and the frequency of recombinant chromosomes at anaphase I, estimates of chiasma frequencies (and chiasma interference) in interstitial segments have been derived; (iii) estimates of the recombination fraction between the interstitial C-band and the translocation breakpoint have been obtained from offspring analysis; (iv) there is a difference in the frequency of alternate orientation between configurations with and without interstitial chiasmata (adjacent-2 has not been observed and a small but significant excess of alternate vs. adjacent-1 coorientation appears). Without intersitial chiasmata, alternate orientation predominates. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Key words: Secale cereale, translocations, chiasma frequency, centromere orientation.

Genetic control of cold hardiness and vernalization requirement in rye

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Brule-Babel ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Rye (Secale cereale L.) is recognized as the most cold-tolerant winter cereal species. However, little is known of the genetic control of cold hardiness and its interaction with vernalization requirement in rye. In the present study, the modes of inheritance of cold hardiness and vernalization requirement were investigated in crosses among one spring and two winter rye cultivars that represented a wide range of winter survivability. Differences in growth habit were found to be determined by a single dominant gene for the spring growth habit. Multiple alleles, or modifiers, for this major gene may also have been present. Cold hardiness was controlled by genes with mainly additive effects, but other factors may also have been involved. Cytoplasmic effects were not detected. Broad-sense heritability estimates were generally high (48–82%), indicating that selection for cold hardiness should be effective in breeding programs.Key words: Secale cereale L., dominance, additive gene action, heritability, cytoplasmic effects.

CYTOGENETICS OF A BARLEY × RYE HYBRID

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A viable hybrid with a somatic chromosome number of 14 was obtained by crossing Hordeum vulgare L. with Secale cereale L. Chromosome pairing in the hybrid was very low with an average chiasma frequency of 0.22. Phenotypically the hybrid resembled rye, the pollen parent, but the nucleolar characteristics were similar to barley.

GENETIC CONTROL OF CHIASMA FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION IN RYE SECALE CEREALE

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lelley
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cell Variance

In inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) a close negative correlation was found between mean chiasma number and their between-cell variance. No correlation was detected between mean chiasma number or chiasma variance and the positional distribution of chiasmata within the bivalents, that is, terminal or interstitial. It is concluded, therefore, that while the between-cell variance of chiasmata is a direct consequence of the mean chiasma frequency, the positional distribution of chiasmata within bivalents is probably subject to an independent control system.

Effet antioxydant et antihyperglycémiant du seigle (Secale cereale L.) et du sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) chez le rat Wistar rendu diabétique

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S273-S283
Author(s):  
Z. Mami-Soualem ◽  
N. Brixi ◽  
C. Beghdad ◽  
M. Belarbi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Stress Oxydant ◽  
Habitudes Alimentaires ◽  
Diabète Sucré ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Vitamine C ◽  
Fibres Alimentaires ◽  
Peroxydation Lipidique ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Le changement des habitudes alimentaires au cours de ces dernières années a abouti à l’apparition des maladies dites de civilisation, parmi elles le diabète sucré. Des approches diétothérapeutiques privilégient la consommation des produits céréaliers sous la forme la plus complète possible. Ce travail a pour but de tester l’efficacité des régimes expérimentaux préparés à base des grains complets des deux céréales, le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le seigle (Secale cereale L.), sur la correction de l’hyperglycémie et des marqueurs du stress oxydant associés au diabète chez le rat mâle Wistar. Les résultats montrent que les rats diabétiques, soumis au régime seigle pendant quatre semaines, présentent une diminution significative de la glycémie qui atteint les 53,95 % à la fin de l’expérimentation, ce qui fait que leur taux en glycémie se rapproche de celui des normoglycémiques. Le sorgho blanc présente, d’une part, une diminution significative de la peroxydation lipidique intracellulaire et, d’autre part, une augmentation de l’activité de la glutathion peroxydase, la glutathion réductase ainsi que la vitamine C. Ces approches méthodologiques peuvent, en améliorant la connaissance de l’importance des céréales (fibres alimentaires solubles et des polyphénols) dans l’évolution du diabète, aboutir à des recommandations et à une éducation nutritionnelle du diabétique.

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