Evolution of a mouse Y chromosomal sequence flanked by highly repetitive elements

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Nishioka ◽  
Estelle Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Key Words Mouse ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Mouse Genomic

Mammalian primary sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome. However, little is known about the molecular processes through which the Y chromosome exerts its action. We applied recombinant DNA techniques to isolate mouse Y chromosomal fragments and described previously a clone designated as AC11 (Y. Nishioka and E. Lamothe. 1986. Genetics, 113: 417–432). To obtain information on DNA sequences that flank AC11, we screened a mouse genomic library for the presence of AC11-related sequences and isolated over 50 positive clones. In this report we describe clones ACC2 and ACC3, both of which contain highly repetitive elements. Using a male-specific portion of these clones, we compared DNA's isolated from mice (Mus musculus, M. hortulanus, M. spretus, M. cookii, M. pahari, and M. platythrix), rat, hamster, and guinea pig and obtained results that agree with the phylogenetic relationships deduced from morphological and biochemical studies. The male-specific accumulation of the related sequences was found only in M. musculus, M. hortulanus, and M. spretus. Key words: mouse, Y chromosome, repetitive sequence, genome evolution.

Identification of sex in hop (Humulus lupulus) using molecular markers

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Polley ◽  
Martin W. Ganal ◽  
Elisabeth Seigner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Male Specific

The rapid identification of sex in the dioecious hop (Humulus lupulus) is important for the breeding of this cultivated plant because only unfertilized flowers of the female plants are used as an ingredient in the production of beer. It is thought that a sex-chromosome mechanism controls the development of male or female plants. We have compared pools of male and female plants derived from a hop cross to identify molecular markers associated with the Y or male-specific chromosome. Of 900 functional RAPD primers, 32 revealed fragments specific for male plants that were absent in female plants of this cross. Subsequently, the 32 positive primers were tested on unrelated male and female plants. Three of these 32 primers were specific for the Y chromosome in all lines. The Y-specific product derived from one of these primers (OPJ9) was of low copy in hybridization experiments and predominantly present in male plants. Primers developed from the DNA sequence of this product provide a marker for rapid sex identification in crosses of hop by means of PCR.Key words: chromosomes, RAPD, sex-specific DNA sequences, plant breeding, Y chromosome.

Sex determination in mice: Y and chromosome 17 interactions

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Edward J. Durbin ◽  
Laura L. Tres
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Type Chromosome

Mice provide material for studies of Y-chromosomal and autosomal sequences involved in sex determination. Eicher and coworkers have identified four subregions in the mouse Y chromosome, one of which corresponds to the Sxr fragment. This fragment demonstrates that only a small portion of the Y is necessary for male sex determination. The mouse Y chromosome also shows variants: the BALB/cWt Y chromosome, which causes nondisjunction of the Y in some germ cells leading to XO and XYY cells and resulting in many infertile true hermaphrodites; the YDom, a wild-type chromosome which can result in sex reversal on a C57BL/6J background; and Y-chromosomal variants detected with Y-derived genomic DNA clones among inbred strains. Two different autosomal loci affecting sex differentiation have been identified in the mouse by Eicher and coworkers. The first of these has not been mapped to a particular chromosome and has been designated Tda-1 (Testis-determining autosomal-1). This is the locus in C57BL/6J mice at which animals must be homozygous in order to develop as true hermaphrodites or sex-reversed animals in the presence of YDom. The other locus has been identified on proximal chromosome 17. This locus also caused hermaphrodites on the C57BL/6J background and it is most easily interpreted as a locus deleted in 7hp. It is located in a region on chromosome 17 containing other genes or DNA sequences that may be related to sex determination. These include both the Hye (histocompatibility Y expression) locus that affects the amount of male-specific antigen detected by serological and cell-mediated assays and a concentration of Bkm sequences. Despite the Y and chromosomal 17 localizations of Bkm sequences, there is no evidence that transcripts from these are involved in sex determination: RNA hybridizing to sense and anti-sense Bkm clones can be detected in day-14 fetal gonads of both sexes.

scholarly journals An Ac -like Transposable Element Family With Transcriptionally Active Y-Linked Copies in the White Campion, Silene latifolia

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 799-807
Author(s):  
Ellen J Pritham ◽  
Y Hi Zhang ◽  
Cédric Feschotte ◽  
Rick V Kesseli
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Element ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Hat Superfamily ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract An RFLP genomic subtraction was used to isolate male-specific sequences in the species Silene latifolia. One isolated fragment, SLP2, shares similarity to a portion of the Activator (Ac) transposase from Zea mays and to related proteins from other plant species. Southern blot analysis of male and female S. latifolia genomic DNA shows that SLP2 belongs to a low-copy-number repeat family with two Y-linked copies. Screening of a S. latifolia male genomic library using SLP2 as a probe led to the isolation of five clones, which were partially sequenced. One clone contains two large open reading frames that can be joined into a sequence encoding a putative protein of 682 amino acids by removing a short intron. Database searches and phylogenetic analysis show that this protein belongs to the hAT superfamily of transposases, closest to Tag2 (Arabidopsis thaliana), and contains all of the defined domains critical for the activity of these transposases. PCR with genomic and cDNA templates from S. latifolia male, female, and hermaphrodite individuals revealed that one of the Y-linked copies is transcriptionally active and alternatively spliced. This is the first report of a transcriptionally active transposable element (TE) family in S. latifolia and the first DNA transposon residing on a plant Y chromosome. The potential activity and regulation of this TE family and its use for Y chromosome gene discovery is discussed.

Molecular aspects of sex determination in mice: an alternative model for the origin of the Sxr region

1988 ◽  
Vol 322 (1208) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Male Specific

Using a combination of in situ mapping and DNA analysis with recombinant DNA probes specific for the Sxr region of the mouse Y chromosome, we show that both the gene(s) controlling primary sex determination and the expression of the male-specific antigen H-Y ( Tdy and Hya respectively) are located on the minute short arm of the mouse Y chromosome. We demonstrate that the H-Y - variant of Sxr (Sxr') arose by a partial deletion within the Sxr region and propose an alternative model for the generation of the original Sxr region.

scholarly journals Characterization of an associated microfibril protein through recombinant DNA techniques.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (14) ◽  
pp. 10087-10095
Author(s):  
S.K. Horrigan ◽  
C.B. Rich ◽  
B.W. Streeten ◽  
Z.Y. Li ◽  
J.A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Report of the committee on human gene mapping by recombinant DNA techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 210-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Skolnick ◽  
H.F. Willard ◽  
L.A. Menlove
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Human Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques; an introduction

Gene ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 323-324
Author(s):  
A.J. Podhajska
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques in diagnostic and preventive medicine

BioEssays ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hodgkinson ◽  
Peter Scambler
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

scholarly journals Influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yamada ◽  
M R Ziese ◽  
J F Young ◽  
Y K Yamada ◽  
F A Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Protein Immunization ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

We have tested the abilities of various polypeptides of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, constructed by recombinant DNA techniques, to induce influenza virus-specific secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. A hybrid protein (c13 protein), consisting of the first 81 amino acids of viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutinin (HA), induced H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific secondary CTL in vitro, although other peptides did not. Using a recombinant virus, the viral determinant responsible for recognition was mapped to the HA2 portion of c13 protein. Immunization of mice with c13 protein induced the generation of memory CTL in vivo. The CTL precursor frequencies of A/PR/8/34 virus- and c13 protein-immune mice were estimated as one in 8,047 and 50,312, respectively. These results indicate that c13 protein primed recipient mice, even though the level of precursor frequency was below that observed in virus-immune mice.

Isolation of a yeast gene involved in species-specific pre-tRNA processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5140-5149
Author(s):  
S S Wang ◽  
A K Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Nonsense Suppression ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Trna Processing ◽  
Trna Splicing ◽  
Trna Species ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Species Specific

To identify genes involved in pre-tRNA processing, we searched for yeast DNA sequences that specifically enhanced the expression of the SUP4(G37) gene. The SUP4(G37) gene possesses a point mutation at position 37 of suppressor tRNA(Tyr). This lesion results in a reduced rate of pre-tRNA splicing and a decreased level of nonsense suppression. A SUP4(G37) strain was transformed with a yeast genomic library, and the transformants were screened for increased suppressor activity. One transformant contained a plasmid that encoded an unessential gene, STP1, that in multiple copies enhanced the suppression of SUP4(G37) and caused increased production of mature SUP4(G37) product. Disruption of the genomic copy of STP1 resulted in a reduced efficiency of SUP4-mediated suppression and the accumulation of pre-tRNAs. Not all intron-containing pre-tRNAs were affected by the stp1-disruption. At least five of the nine families of pre-tRNAs were affected. Two other species, pre-tRNA(Ile) and pre-tRNA(3Leu), were not. We propose that STP1 encodes a tRNA species-specific product that functions as a helper for pre-tRNA splicing. The STP1 product may interact with pre-tRNAs to generate a structure that is efficiently recognized by splicing machinery.

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