Chromosome numbers in Antennaria (Asteraceae:Inuleae) from western North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Chinnappa
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Chromosome numbers were determined for 26 taxa of Antennaria from western North America. These were found to include diploid and polyploid species and their putative hybrids. First counts are reported for A. stenophylla (2n = 28) and A. sedoides (2n = 56). Four polyploid complexes, the A. rosea, A. alpina, A. neodioeca, and A. parvifolia aggregates, were found to have sporophytic chromosomes numbers which included all ploidy levels from diploid (2n = 28) to decaploid (2n = 140). This represents the entire range of euploidy known to occur in the genus. Much of the variation that is encountered in the species of Antennaria is the result of extensive hybridization between diploid and polyploid populations comprised of sexual and partially apomictic individuals, respectively.Key words: Asteraceae, Antennaria, dioecy, agamospermy, polyploid complex.

scholarly journals Cytogenetics and Genome Size Evolution in Illicium L.

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Connor F. Ryan ◽  
Lauren E. Deans ◽  
Nathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Basal Angiosperm ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Improvement Programs

Illicium is an ancient genus and member of the earliest diverging angiosperms known as the Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales (ANA) grade. These adaptable, broadleaf evergreen shrubs, including ≈40 species distributed throughout Asia and North America, are valued for diverse culinary, medicinal, and ornamental applications. The study of cytogenetics of Illicium can clarify various discrepancies and further elucidate chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome and genome size evolution in this basal angiosperm lineage and provide basic information to guide plant breeding and improvement programs. The objectives of this study were to use flow cytometry and traditional cytology to determine chromosome numbers, ploidy levels, and relative genome sizes of cultivated Illicium. Of the 29 taxa sampled, including ≈11 species and one hybrid, 2C DNA contents ranged from 24.5 pg for Illicium lanceolatum to 27.9 pg for Illicium aff. majus. The genome sizes of Illicium species are considerably higher than other ANA grade lineages indicating that Illicium went through considerable genome expansion compared with sister lineages. The New World sect. Cymbostemon had a slightly lower mean 2C genome size of 25.1 pg compared with the Old World sect. Illicium at 25.9 pg, providing further support for recognizing these taxonomic sections. All taxa appeared to be diploid and 2n = 2x = 28, except for Illicium floridanum and Illicium mexicanum which were found to be 2n = 2x = 26, most likely resulting from dysploid reduction after divergence into North America. The base chromosome number of x = 14 for most Illicium species suggests that Illicium are ancient paleotetraploids that underwent a whole genome duplication derived from an ancestral base of x = 7. Information on cytogenetics, coupled with phylogenetic analyses, identifies some limitations, but also considerable potential for the development of plant breeding and improvement programs with this genus.

Chromosome Numbers in Some Cacti of Western North America-VIII

Haseltonia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A Baker ◽  
Jon P Rebman ◽  
Bruce D Parfitt ◽  
Donald J Pinkava ◽  
Allan D Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Western North America

DNA content in Tradescantia

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Martínez ◽  
Héctor D. Ginzo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Vegetative Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

There is a wide variation in the nuclear DNA content and chromosome size between the species belonging to the T. crassifolia and T. virginiana alliances (all the species but one are native to Central and North America). Also the DNA content per genome decreases when the ploidy level increases within the same specific polyploid complex with three ploidy levels (2x, 4x, and 6x). In contrast, no variation was found in the DNA content per genome between different ploidy levels in the T. fluminensis alliance (all the species are native to South America) where they range from 6x to 22x. Since all the species described here are perennials with various life forms, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the DNA content and their vegetative adaptation to the environment. The more specialized species (geophytes and hemicryptophytes) have a higher amount of DNA than the chamaephytes adapted to live in relatively more mesic regions. In the species living in Central and North America there is a positive correlation between the increase in DNA content and the latitude of their native regions.Key words: Tradescantia, DNA content, geographical distribution, life forms, polyploidy.

Chromosome Numbers in Some Cacti of Western North America-III

1977 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Pinkava ◽  
Lyle A. McGill ◽  
Timothy Reeves
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Western North America

STUDIES ON SOLIDAGO L.: IV. THE CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF CERTAIN TAXA OF THE GENUS SOLIDAGO

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean R. Beaudry ◽  
Denise L. Chabot
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Western North America

The authors report the chromosome numbers of 25 taxa of the genus Solidago which had not yet been studied from this standpoint, and review the literature. The chromosome numbers of 42 taxa have now been published. The basic number of the genus is nine. Thirty-three taxa are diploid (2n = 18), five are tetraploid (2n = 36), three are aggregate taxa containing both diploid and tetraploid cytodemes, and one is hexaploid (2n = 54). Polyploidy has thus contributed to the evolution of the genus Solidago but it seems that most of the species have differentiated gradually. S. decemflora DC. of western North America differs from S. nemoralis Ait. of the same continent by morphological characters, its geographical distribution, and its chromosome number, the first taxon being tetraploid and the second diploid; the two are thus good species and not only varieties of the same species. The S. rigida of authors is an aggregate made up of two entities which are distinguished not only by their morphology and geographical distribution but also by their chromosome numbers; the eastern one (S. rigida L.) is tetraploid, whereas the western one (S. parvirigida Beaudry) is diploid. The bog and marsh goldenrods, S. Purshii and S. uliginosa, also possess different chromosome numbers, the first being diploid and the second tetraploid.

Hybridization Studies in the Aster Occidentalis (Asteraceae) Polyploid Complex of Western North America

Brittonia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine A. Allen ◽  
Milton L. Dean ◽  
Kenton L. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Polyploid Complex

scholarly journals Cytogeography of the Solidago rugosa Mill. Complex (Asteraceae: Astereae) in Eastern North America

Taxonomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-301
Author(s):  
John C. Semple ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Rachel E. Cook ◽  
Bambang Agus Suripto
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Allegheny Mountains ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
First Time

Chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time from 117 individuals of Solidago rugosa and S. fistulosa. Including 178 previously published reports for the two species plus S. latissimifolia, chromosome numbers have been determined from 295 individuals from 269 locations. Only diploids (2n = 18) were found throughout the range of S. fistulosa on the coastal plain in the eastern U.S.A. (44 counts). Diploids (2n = 18) were found in the northern portion of the range of S. latissimifolia, and tetraploids (2n = 36) and hexaploids (2n = 54) were found in the central and southern portions of the range (nine counts in total). Diploids (2n = 18) were found throughout the range of S. rugosa in much of eastern North America in four of the five varieties (northern var. rugosa, var. sphagnophila; southern var. aspera and var. celtidifolia). Tetraploids (2n = 36) were found in all four of these varieties and exclusively in var. cronquistiana in the southern high Appalachian Mountains. Hexaploids (2n = 54) were found in var. sphagnophila at scattered locations. One possible hexaploid in var. rugosa was found in the Allegheny Mountains. The diversity in ploidy levels was independent of the size of the range and the diversity of growing conditions among the three species of S. subsect. Venosae.

Chromosome Numbers in Some Cacti of Western North America

Brittonia ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Pinkava ◽  
Malcolm G. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Western North America
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