Chromosomal pairing at meiosis of F1 hybrid and backcross derivatives of Triticum aestivum × hexaploid Agropyron junceum

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charpentier ◽  
M. Feldman ◽  
Y. Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
Ph1 Gene ◽  
Derivatives Of

The degree and pattern of chromosomal pairing at first meiotic metaphase were analyzed in several lines of hexaploid Agropyron junceum (2n = 42; genome J1J1J2J2EE), in the F1 hybrid between this species and common wheat, and in the backcrossed progeny of the hybrid to common wheat. Hexaploid A. junceum exhibited a strict bivalent pairing despite the relatedness of its genomes. Chromosomes of the J1 and J2 genomes of Agropyron paired in the F1 hybrid and in the backcross derivatives, in the presence of the Ph1 gene of common wheat. It was concluded that the corresponding chromosomes of the J1 and J2 genomes are distant homologues. It is assumed that the strict bivalent pairing in A. junceum is brought about by a gene system, similar to that found in several autotetraploid species.Key words: Agropyron junceum, Triticum aestivum, common wheat, wheat × Agropyron hybrids, chromosome pairing, bivalentization.

Effect of chromosome 1B, chromosome 6B, and low temperature on the frequency of chromosome pairing at first meiotic metaphase in hexaploid triticale

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Julian B. Thomas ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes ◽  
S. Shigenaga
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Other Hand

Chromosome 1B in 'Rosner' and chromosome 6B in line 125 both reduced the frequency with which chromosomes were paired at first meiotic metaphase of hexaploid triticale. On the other hand, chromosome 6B in 'Rosner' and chromosomes 1B and 6B in line 110 had no such effect. The 1B pairing suppressor in 'Rosner' was located on the short arm of the chromosome (1Bs). Between 10 and 30 °C, pairing frequency was quite stable in 'Rosner' triticale in comparison with common wheat, although the level was consistently lower in the triticale. Some reduction of pairing frequency was noted at 10 °C in 'Rosner'. This effect of low temperature did not interact with 1B dosage to cause a disproportionate decrease in pairing frequency when plants with high 1B dosage were grown at 10 °C.

scholarly journals Association of yield-related traits in founder genotypes and derivatives of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Weiping Shi ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Jingye Cheng ◽  
Daizhen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Derivatives Of

Chromosome constitution and origin analysis in three derivatives of Triticum aestivum – Leymus mollis by molecular cytogenetic identification

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Changyou Wang ◽  
Chunhuan Chen ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Zengrong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chromosome Constitution ◽  
Disease Resistances ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Leymus Mollis

Leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) is an important tetraploid species in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) and a useful genetic resource for wheat breeding because of the stress tolerance and disease resistance of this species. The development of Triticum aestivum (common wheat) – L. mollis derivatives with desirable genes will provide valuable bridge materials for wheat improvement, especially regarding powdery mildew resistance genes, which are rarely documented in L. mollis. In the present study, three derivatives of common wheat cultivar 7182 and L. mollis, namely M47, M51, and M42, were subjected to chromosomal characterization via cytogenetic identification, the analysis of molecular markers, and genomic in situ hybridization. These derivatives were all morphologically and cytogenetically stable. M47 was highly resistant to powdery mildew and nearly immune to stripe rust at the adult stage, and the chromosome constitution of this derivative can be expressed as 2n = 56 = 42T.a + 14L.m (where T.a = T. aestivum chromosomes; L.m = L. mollis chromosomes). Compared to M47, M42 was also resistant to stripe rust but was susceptible to powdery mildew; the chromosome constitution of M42 was 2n = 54 = 42T.a + 12L.m, in which a pair of homoeologous group 7 L.m chromosomes was eliminated. Finally, M51 was susceptible to powdery mildew and stripe rust and had a chromosome constitution of 2n = 48 = 42T.a + 6L.m, in which four pairs of L.m chromosomes from homoeologous groups 2, 4, 5, and 7 were eliminated. The differing disease resistances of the three derivatives are discussed in this report in the context of their chromosomal variations; this information can thus contribute to breeding disease resistant wheat with the potential for applying these derivatives as useful bridge materials.

The effect of different doses of Ph1 on chromosome pairing in hybrids between tetraploid Agropyron elongatum and common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charpentier ◽  
M. Feldman ◽  
Y. Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes ◽  
Different Doses

Chromosome pairing at first meiotic metaphase was studied in F1 hybrids between tetraploid cytotypes of Agropyron elongatum and common wheat lines of the cultivar Chinese Spring, carrying zero, one, and two doses of Ph1. The bivalentization gene system of A. elongatum could not compensate for the absence of Ph1: hybrids deficient for this gene exhibited pairing between the Agropyron E1 and E2 chromosomes, between the wheat A, B, and D chromosomes, and between the Agropyron and the wheat chromosomes. In hybrids with one or two doses of Ph1, pairing was restricted to the Agropyron E1 and E2 chromosomes. It was concluded that E1 and E2 are distant homologues, thus further supporting the autoploidy nature of tetraploid A. elongatum. The genomic relationships in other polyploid species of the genus Agropyron is discussed in the light of this evidence.Key words: chromosome pairing, Triticum, common wheat, Agropyron.

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

Effect of the Pairing Gene Ph1 and Premeiotic Colchicine Treatment on Intra- and Interchromosome Pairing of Isochromosomes in Common Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M Vega ◽  
Moshe Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Polyploid Wheat ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Ph1 Gene

Abstract The analysis of the pattern of isochromosome pairing allows one to distinguish factors affecting presynaptic alignment of homologous chromosomes from those affecting synapsis and crossing-over. Because the two homologous arms in an isochromosome are invariably associated by a common centromere, the suppression of pairing between these arms (intrachromosome pairing) would indicate that synaptic or postsynaptic events were impaired. In contrast, the suppression of pairing between an isochromosome and its homologous chromosome (interchromosome pairing), without affecting intrachromosome pairing, would suggest that homologous presynaptic alignment was impaired. We used such an isochromosome system to determine which of the processes associated with chromosome pairing was affected by the Ph1 gene of common wheat—the main gene that restricts pairing to homologues. Ph1 reduced the frequency of interchromosome pairing without affecting intrachromosome pairing. In contrast, intrachromosome pairing was strongly reduced in the absence of the synaptic gene Syn-B1. Premeiotic colchicine treatment, which drastically decreased pairing of conventional chromosomes, reduced interchromosome but not intrachromosome pairing. The results support the hypothesis that premeiotic alignment is a necessary stage for the regularity of meiotic pairing and that Ph1 relaxes this alignment. We suggest that Ph1 acts on premeiotic alignment of homologues and homeologues as a means of ensuring diploid-like meiotic behavior in polyploid wheat.

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