Genetic polymorphism in populations of Akodon rodents

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana I. Apfelbaum ◽  
Antonio Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Akodon Azarae ◽  
Rodent Populations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Variable Group

By means of starch gel electrophoresis, 16–20 loci coding for enzymes and hemoglobin have been investigated in six population samples of Akodon dolores, captured in a single site of the Córdoba province (Argentina) during a 3-year period and in three samples of an Akodon azarae population. Proportion of polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 0.278 to 0.389 in A. dolores and from 0.166 to 0.300 in A. azarae. Mean heterozygosity (H) ranged from 0.138 to 0.192 in A. dolores and from 0.099 to 0.118 in A. azarae. These values are very high compared with those reported for northern hemisphere rodent populations. The high value is remarkable since the loci sample is biased towards the less variable (group I) enzymes.Key words: polymorphism, Akodon, heterozygosity, isozymes.

Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. IV. Triploid Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lokki ◽  
Pekka Lankinen ◽  
Anssi Saura ◽  
Esko Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Bisexual Population ◽  
Starch Gel

AbstractThe genetic variability at 20 enzyme loci in natural populations of Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Altogether 135 weevils were analyzed. The samples originated from a diploid bisexual population in Austria, from four triploid parthenogenetic populations in the Carpathian mountains, and from three triploid parthenogenetic populations in central Sweden. Altogether 16 different genotypes were found in triploid parthenogenetic populations. Two major types, comprising 39 out of the 76 parthenogenetic individuals, occur both in Scandinavia and in central Europe. The less frequent types can be derived from these through mutations. O. salicis is a flightless insect, which has been assumed to have overwintered the Würm glaciation in icefree refugia in Scandinavia. The overall genetic similarity found in the material suggests that the parthenogenetic race spread to its isolated Scandinavian area in postglacial times.

Phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in the tick Ixodes ricinus

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Adaptive Explanation ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYTen variants of phosphoglucomutase were detected by starch-gel electrophoresis in extracts of the tick Ixodes ricinus. Agreement of phenotype frequencies with those predicted by the Hardy–Weinberg model indicated that the enzyme is coded by a single gene locus (Pgm) at which 10 alleles are segregating. Allelic proportions in 5 Irish tick samples indicated that both spatial and temporal genetic differentiation exist. It is suggested that this polymorphism may be of use as a marker for studying the relationships of I. ricinus populations in Europe, as well as in taxonomic studies. A hypothesis is advanced which offers a possible adaptive explanation of the very high Pgm heterozygosity in tick populations. It is suggested that if kinetic differences exist between the various enzyme variants, the polymorphism may act to maintain an array of individuals in each population with varying developmental rates and longevities. Such a genetic strategy could be one factor which determines that the host-infesting seasons are spread over several months, thus ensuring maximum feeding and reproductive rates in each population.

scholarly journals GENETIC POLYMORPHISM AND EVOLUTION IN PARTHENOGENETIC ANIMALS. I. POLYPLOID CURCULIONIDAE

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-508
Author(s):  
Esko Suomalainen ◽  
Anssi Saura
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Different Populations

ABSTRACT The genetic variability at enzyme loci in different triploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic weevil populations has been elucidated by starch gel electrophoresis. The overall genotype of individual weevils belonging to different populations has been determined for over 25 loci. The results are compared with those obtained for diploid bisexual races of either the same or closely related species. The variation within a parthenogenetic population differs from that in diploid, sexually reproducing populations, i.e. the allele frequencies are not in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicate that apomictic parthenogenetic populations can differentiate genetically. The genotypes within a population resemble each other more than genotypes belonging to different populations. It is evident that evolution still continues-even if slowed down—in parthenogenetic weevils. A comparison between the allele relationships in geographically isolated polyploid parthenogenetic populations and related diploid bisexual forms does not support the hypothetical hybrid origin of parthenogenesis and polyploidy in weevils. Parthenogenesis within a parthenogenetic weevil species is evidently monophyletic.

Allozyme relationships of some frogs (genus Rana) from Yunnan, China

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Sharbel ◽  
David M. Green ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe genetic relationships of four species of frogs, genus Rana, from Yunnan, China, were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis of isozymes. Rana chaochiaoensis, R. pleuraden, R. phrynoides and R. limnocharis, representing four different species groups, were compared to each other and to representative species from other parts of Asia: R. amurensis from eastern Siberia, R. japonica from Japan, and R. nigromaculata from Korea. Twenty-four isozyme loci were reliably detected and scored, of which all but one were variable. R. chaochiaoensis, R. japonica and R. amurensis, all members of the Eurasian "brown frog" group, clustered together as a group although genetic distances were comparatively high. The "pond frogs", R. nigromaculata and R. pleuraden, similarly clustered together. Both R. phrynoides and R. limnocharis were highly divergent from the other species, but R. phrynoides seemed to be more closely affiliated with the "pond frogs" than with the "brown frogs". The data indicate that the highly enigmatic 64-chromosome karyotype of R. phrynoides arose from among 26-chromosome ancestors. The relationships of R. limnocharis cannot be precisely defined. Genetic divergence among Asiatic Rana appears to be very high.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals: V. Triploid Adoxus obscurus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lokki ◽  
Anssi Saura ◽  
Pekka Lankinen ◽  
Esko Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Bisexual Population ◽  
Starch Gel

SUMMARYThe genetic variability at 16 enzyme loci in 52 Scandinavian triploid parthenogenetic populations of the beetle Adoxus obscurus has been studied by starch-gel electrophoresis. The overall genotypes of different beetles have been compared with each other and with a sample from a diploid bisexual population from Canada. Eighty per cent of the parthenogenetic beetles have the same overall genotype. The remainder belong to six genotypes, three of which are found in only one population. The variability within and between parthenogenetic populations of A. obscurus is much lower than in other comparable parthenogenetic insects studied by us. This is interpreted to be a consequence of the efficient migration of the genotypes with the highest fitness, leading to a replacement of less-adapted genotypes. A. obscurus is a flying insect, whereas the other parthenogenetic insects studied by us are sluggish flightless forms.

Fractionation of Plasminogen by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Slotta ◽  
J. D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Full Activity ◽  
Veronal Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Alkaline Range

SummaryWhen urea or ε-amino caproic acid were used as solublizing agents for plasminogen in electrophoretic experiments, only one broad band of the proenzyme was obtained on acetate cellulose, in starch block, and in acrylamide gel. In starch gel electrophoresis, however, both forms of plasminogen – the native or euglobulin and Kline’s or Pseudoglobulin plasminogen – separated into six bands. These migrated toward the cathode at room temperature in borate or veronal buffer in the alkaline range and showed full activity in fibrinagar-streptokinase plates.

scholarly journals PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS, SEGREGATION IN GENETIC CROSSES AND GENETIC DISTANCES AMONG FISHES OF THE GENUS XIPHOPHORUS (POECILIIDAE)

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-556
Author(s):  
Don C Morizot ◽  
Michael J Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Interspecific Backcross ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Group I ◽  
Starch Gel

ABSTRACT The products of 49 protein-coding loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis for populational variation in six species of Xiphophorus fishes and/or segregation in intra- and interspecific backcross and intercross hybrids. Electrophoretic variation was observed for 29 of the 35 locus products in a survey of 42 population samples. The highest frequency of polymorphic loci observed in noninbred populations was 0.143. After ten or more generations of inbreeding, all loci studied were monomorphic. Inbred strains generally exhibited the commonest electrophoretic alleles of the population from which they were derived. An assessment of genetic distances among Xiphophorus populations reflected classical systematic relationships and suggested incipient subspeciation between X. maculatus from different drainages as well as several species groups. Thirty-three loci were analyzed with respect to segregation in hybrids. The goodness of fit of segregations to Mendelian expectations at all loci analyzed (except loci in linkage group I) is interpreted as evidence for high genetic compatibility of the genomes of Xiphophorus species. It is anticipated that these data will result in a rapid expansion of the assignment of protein-coding loci to linkage groups in these lower vertebrate species.

scholarly journals THE INHERITANCE OF ENZYME VARIANTS FOR TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, NADP-DEPENDENT MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, NADP-DEPENDENT ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE, AND TETRAZOLIUM OXIDASE IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS, SYNGEN 1

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
D Borden ◽  
E T Miller ◽  
D L Nanney ◽  
G S Whitt
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Locus ◽  
Starch Gel

ABSTRACT The isozymic patterns of tyrosine aminotransferase, NADP malate dehydrogenase, NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase, and tetrazolium oxidase were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1. The genetics of the alleles controlling these enzymes was studied through a breeding program. Each enzyme locus was shown to assort vegetatively, as do other loci in this organism. A detailed analysis of the assortment process for the tyrosine aminotransferase locus indicated that the rate of stabilization of heterozygotes into pure types was essentially identical to previously-reported rates for other loci.

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