Genetic linkage between malathion and dieldrin resistance in Anopheles arabiensis

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Lines ◽  
C. F. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Insecticide Exposure

A strain of Anopheles arabiensis resistant to both malathion and dieldrin was crossed and backcrossed to a susceptible strain. The progeny were tested on each insecticide in turn. Less than 50% mortality in the second insecticide exposure among the backcross progeny indicated linkage between the resistance genes. In a backcross of A. gambiae × A. arabiensis hybrids a recombination rate of 7.5% was observed. A Y-translocation strain of A. arabiensis showed less than 2.8% recombination between the resistance genes. It is impossible to confirm the genotype of apparent recombinants using existing stocks, but the two resistance mechanisms are biochemically distinguishable. If the two genes are very closely linked, linkage disequilibrium could influence the consequences of switching to malathion spraying after dieldrin resistance has evolved.Key words: Anopheles, linkage, insecticide resistance, translocation.

scholarly journals Insecticide exposure impacts vector–parasite interactions in insecticide-resistant malaria vectors

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20140389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoues Alout ◽  
Innocent Djègbè ◽  
Fabrice Chandre ◽  
Luc Salako Djogbénou ◽  
Roch Kounbobr Dabiré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance

Currently, there is a strong trend towards increasing insecticide-based vector control coverage in malaria endemic countries. The ecological consequence of insecticide applications has been mainly studied regarding the selection of resistance mechanisms; however, little is known about their impact on vector competence in mosquitoes responsible for malaria transmission. As they have limited toxicity to mosquitoes owing to the selection of resistance mechanisms, insecticides may also interact with pathogens developing in mosquitoes. In this study, we explored the impact of insecticide exposure on Plasmodium falciparum development in insecticide-resistant colonies of Anopheles gambiae s.s. , homozygous for the ace-1 G119S mutation (Acerkis) or the kdr L1014F mutation (Kdrkis). Exposure to bendiocarb insecticide reduced the prevalence and intensity of P. falciparum oocysts developing in the infected midgut of the Acerkis strain, whereas exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane reduced only the prevalence of P. falciparum infection in the Kdrkis strain. Thus, insecticide resistance leads to a selective pressure of insecticides on Plasmodium parasites, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of genotype by environment interactions on vector competence in a natural Anopheles–Plasmodium combination . Insecticide applications would affect the transmission of malaria in spite of resistance and would reduce to some degree the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria control interventions.

scholarly journals Genome-wide gene expression profiling reveals that cuticle alterations and P450 detoxification are associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles arabiensis populations from Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eba Alemayehu Simma ◽  
Wannes Dermauw ◽  
Vasileia Balabanidou ◽  
Simon Snoeck ◽  
Astrid Bryon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Target Site Resistance

AbstractBACKGROUNDVector control is the main intervention in malaria control and elimination strategies. However, the development of insecticide resistance is one of the major challenges for controlling malaria vectors. Anopheles arabiensis populations in Ethiopia showed resistance against both DDT and the pyrethroid deltamethrin. Although a L1014F target-site resistance mutation was present in the voltage gated sodium channel of investigated populations, the levels of resistance and biochemical studies indicated the presence of additional resistance mechanisms. In this study, we used genome-wide transcriptome profiling by RNAseq to assess differentially expressed genes between three deltamethrin and DDT resistant An. arabiensis field populations (Tolay, Asendabo, Chewaka) and two susceptible strains (Sekoru and Mozambique).RESULTSBoth RNAseq analysis and RT-qPCR showed that a glutathione-S-transferase, gstd3, and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, cyp6p4, were significantly overexpressed in the group of resistant populations compared to the susceptible strains, suggesting that the enzymes they encode play a key role in metabolic resistance against deltamethrin or DDT. Furthermore, a gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that expression changes of cuticle related genes were strongly associated with insecticide resistance, although this did not translate in increased thickness of the procuticle.CONCLUSIONOur transcriptome sequencing of deltamethrin/DDT resistant An. arabiensis populations from Ethiopia suggests non-target site resistance mechanisms and pave the way for further investigation of the role of cuticle composition in resistance.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis populations from Dakar and its suburbs: role of target site and metabolic resistance mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kane Dia ◽  
O. Kalsom Guèye ◽  
E. Amadou Niang ◽  
S. Mocote Diédhiou ◽  
M. Demba Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Metabolic Resistance

scholarly journals Mapping insecticide resistance and characterization of resistance mechanisms in Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eba Alemayehu ◽  
Abebe Asale ◽  
Kasahun Eba ◽  
Kefelegn Getahun ◽  
Kora Tushune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms

Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance in a Strain of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Hinkle ◽  
Richard W. Wadleigh ◽  
Philip G. Koehler ◽  
Richard S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cat Fleas

Possible mechanisms of insecticide resistance were investigated in a known-resistant strain of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis Bouché. In the acetylcholinesterase study, ability of two insecticides, propoxur and chlorpyrifosoxon, to inhibit the activity of the enzyme was investigated using the Ellman method. In both cases, at least twice the amount of insecticide was required for 50% enzyme inhibition in the resistant fleas vs the susceptible fleas. Additionally, there was a significant difference in levels of glutathione transferase in the resistant strain of fleas compared with the susceptible strain. These results indicate that both insensitive acetylcholinesterase and detoxification via glutathione transferase conjugation may be involved in the insecticide resistance mechanisms of this strain of fleas.

scholarly journals A whole transcriptomic approach reveals novel mechanisms of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa A Messenger ◽  
Lucy Mackenzie Impoinvil ◽  
Dieunel Derilus ◽  
Delenasaw Yewhalaw ◽  
Seth Irish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance

The development of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is of increasing concern in Ethiopia because of its potential implications for vector control failure. To better elucidate the specificity of resistance mechanisms and to facilitate the design of control strategies that minimize the likelihood of selecting for cross-resistance, a whole transcriptomic approach was used to explore gene expression patterns in a multi-insecticide resistant population of Anopheles arabiensis from Oromia Region, Ethiopia. This field population was resistant to the diagnostic doses of malathion (average mortality of 71.9%) and permethrin (77.4%), with pools of survivors and unexposed individuals analyzed using Illumina RNA-sequencing, alongside insecticide susceptible reference strains. This population also demonstrated deltamethrin resistance but complete susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur, providing a phenotypic basis for detecting insecticide-specific resistance mechanisms. Transcriptomic data revealed overexpression of genes including cytochrome P450s, glutathione-s-transferases and carboxylesterases (including CYP4C36, CYP6AA1, CYP6M2, CYP6M3, CYP6P4, CYP9K1, CYP9L1, GSTD3, GSTE2, GSTE3, GSTE4, GSTE5, GSTE7 and two carboxylesterases) that were shared between malathion and permethrin survivors. We also identified nineteen highly overexpressed cuticular-associated proteins (including CYP4G16, CYP4G17 and chitinase) and eighteen salivary gland proteins (including D7r4 short form salivary protein), which may be contributing to a non-specific resistance phenotype by either enhancing the cuticular barrier or promoting binding and sequestration of insecticides, respectively. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in this lesser well-characterized major malaria vector species.

scholarly journals Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Diloma Soma ◽  
Barnabas Zogo ◽  
Domonbabele François de Sales Hien ◽  
Aristide Sawdetuo Hien ◽  
Didier Alexandre Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Susceptible Strain ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Abstract Background The rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso. Methods We measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population. Results An. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19). Conclusions If data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.

scholarly journals Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium and Identifying Recombination Hotspots Using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Data

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 2213-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Matthew Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Recombination Hotspots ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractWe introduce a new statistical model for patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among multiple SNPs in a population sample. The model overcomes limitations of existing approaches to understanding, summarizing, and interpreting LD by (i) relating patterns of LD directly to the underlying recombination process; (ii) considering all loci simultaneously, rather than pairwise; (iii) avoiding the assumption that LD necessarily has a “block-like” structure; and (iv) being computationally tractable for huge genomic regions (up to complete chromosomes). We examine in detail one natural application of the model: estimation of underlying recombination rates from population data. Using simulation, we show that in the case where recombination is assumed constant across the region of interest, recombination rate estimates based on our model are competitive with the very best of current available methods. More importantly, we demonstrate, on real and simulated data, the potential of the model to help identify and quantify fine-scale variation in recombination rate from population data. We also outline how the model could be useful in other contexts, such as in the development of more efficient haplotype-based methods for LD mapping.

Detection of polymorphic simple-sequence repeat markers that show linkage to a novel sugarcane brown rust disease resistance gene in resistant and susceptible genetic pools

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Xiao-Yan Wang ◽  
Hong-Li Shan ◽  
Rong-Yue Zhang ◽  
Chan-Mi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Genetic Pools ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Abstract Sugarcane brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is one of the main diseases of sugarcane in China. The identification and discovery of new resistance genes have important theoretical and practical significance for preventing outbreaks of brown rust and ensuring the sustainable production of sugarcane. To screen for polymorphic simple-sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers for localization of brown rust resistance genes, we used two populations that are suitable for genetic linkage map construction and mapping of new resistance genes to construct resistant and susceptible genetic pools. We then screened 449 pairs of primers to identify polymorphic SSR markers in the parental lines and the resistant/susceptible genetic pools. The results showed that 25 pairs of primers directed amplification of polymorphic DNA fragments between the parents of the cross combination ‘Yuetang 03-393’ × ‘ROC 24’, and 16 pairs of primers amplified polymorphic fragments between the parents of the cross combination ‘Liucheng 03-1137’ × ‘Dezhe 93-88’. Four pairs of primers (SMC236CG, SCESSR0928, SCESSR0636 and SCESSR2551) amplified polymorphic DNA fragments between the parental lines and the resistant/susceptible genetic pools in ‘Yuetang 03-393’ × ‘ROC 24’. The results of this study will establish a solid foundation for the mapping of new brown rust resistance genes, genetic linkage map construction and the development of closely-associated molecular markers in sugarcane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document