Chromosomal variation in pine voles, Microtus (Pitymys) pinetorum, in the eastern United States

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
John W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Microtus Pinetorum

As part of a study of the population biology of pine voles (Microtus (Pitymys) pinetorum), 65 voles were karyotyped from seven apple orchard populations in the eastern United States. All animals had 62 chromosomes. Voles from New Hampshire and New York had 62 autosomal arms, whereas those from Virginia and North Carolina had 64. Voles from one population in southern Pennsylvania had 62, 63, or 64 arms in approximate Hardy–Weinberg proportions. The polymorphism resulted from the presence or absence of secondary arms on the largest pair of autosomes. There appears to be no reproductive isolation between the cytotypes in the Pennsylvania population.Key words: Microtus pinetorum, Pitymys, chromosomal variation, karyotype.

Shakers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nicoletta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
State Prisons

Arriving in the colony of New York in 1774 from England, Ann Lee and her eight followers set about creating a model communal society in what would become the United States. Officially known as the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, the Shakers believed in Christ’s imminent return. Their support of pacifism, near equality between the sexes that allowed women to take on leadership roles, and perfectionism set them apart from most Americans. Within a decade, they had begun creating a Kingdom of Heaven on Earth through their worship, work ethic, and construction of orderly villages with buildings and furniture meant to reinforce religious belief and shape and control behavior. From humble beginnings, the sect created a total of twenty-two communities beginning in the 1780s, spreading from Maine to Indiana and as far south as Georgia and Florida, though these latter two sites and the one in Indiana were short lived. During periods of religious revivalism in the United States in the late 18th and early19th centuries, the Shakers attracted hundreds of converts who gave up their worldly possessions to live celibate, communal lives. After a peak population of over three thousand in the1840s, the Shakers have dwindled to just three members inhabiting the only surviving living community of Sabbathday Lake, near New Gloucester, Maine. The Shakers’ demographic and economic success over several decades left a legacy of buildings at numerous locations throughout the eastern United States. Some of these villages have become museum sites, most notably Hancock, Massachusetts; Mount Lebanon, New York; Canterbury, New Hampshire; and Pleasant Hill and South Union, both in Kentucky. Other Shaker buildings remain as private residences and parts of retirement communities and state prisons. In many ways, Shaker architecture reflects contemporary regional vernacular building practices, such as the closely spaced anchor bents in the framing of the earliest meetinghouses in Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, and eastern New York State, and the rather grand masonry structures of the dwelling houses and trustees’ offices in Kentucky. The linear arrangement of buildings, their large size, and separate entrances for men and women distinguished Shaker buildings from those of the outside world, though stylistically they appeared much like non-Shaker buildings. The Shakers organized building interiors to use space efficiently with many built-in cabinets and drawers, installed pegboards on walls for storage and to help keep floors clear for cleaning, and included separate staircases to demarcate men’s and women’s areas. The buildings, especially the meetinghouses and dwelling houses, reminded Shakers of their commitment to their faith and to their distinctive way of living and encouraged them to “put their hands to work and their hearts to God,” a saying attributed to Ann Lee. Nevertheless, the Shakers were not immune from influences from the outside world. They needed to interact with outsiders to encourage the economic success of their villages and to attract converts. As their population shrank in the latter half of the 19th century, they turned increasingly to hired help to assist with building construction and other aspects of daily life. The Shakers also embraced stylistic changes in architecture and furniture; their buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries reflect these influences with added ornamentation inside and out, as well as embellished furnishings either made by the Shakers or purchased from non-Shaker furniture makers. Rather than undercut any appreciation of the simple style for which the Shakers are best known, these changes show the group as always practical and responsive to changes in mainstream society.

scholarly journals Recent Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans in the Eastern United States Reveal Clonal Populations and Reappearance of Mefenoxam Sensitivity

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1323-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hui Hu ◽  
Frances G. Perez ◽  
Ryan Donahoo ◽  
Adele McLeod ◽  
Kevin Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ras Gene ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Us

Isolates of Phytophthora infestans (n = 178) were collected in 2002 to 2009 from the eastern United States, Midwestern United States, and eastern Canada. Multilocus genotypes were defined using allozyme genotyping, and DNA fingerprinting with the RG-57 probe. Several previously described and three new mulitilocus genotypes were detected. The US-8 genotype was found commonly on commercial potato crops but not on tomato. US-20 was found on tomato in North Carolina from 2002 through 2007 and in Florida in 2005. US-21 was found on tomato in North Carolina in 2005 and Florida in 2006 and 2007. US-22 was detected on tomato in 2007 in Tennessee and New York and became widespread in 2009. US-22 was found in 12 states on tomato and potato and was spread on tomato transplants. This genotype accounted for about 60% of all the isolates genotyped. The US-23 genotype was found in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Delaware on both tomato and potato in 2009. The US-24 genotype was found only in North Dakota in 2009. A1 and A2 mating types were found in close proximity on potato and tomato crops in Pennsylvania and Virginia; therefore, the possibility of sexual reproduction should be monitored. Whereas most individuals of US-8 and US-20 were resistant to mefenoxam, US-21 appeared to be intermediately sensitive, and isolates of US-22, US-23, and US-24 were largely sensitive to mefenoxam. On the basis of sequence analysis of the ras gene, these latter three genotypes appear to have been derived from a common ancestor. Further field and laboratory studies are underway using simple sequence repeat genotyping to monitor current changes in the population structure of P. infestans causing late blight in North America.

Three forgotten earthquakes

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-692
Author(s):  
Gerald R. MacCarthy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract For a given maximum intensity, most earthquakes of the Eastern United States are felt over much wider area than their western counterparts. Several of these eastern shocks, have, because of their relatively low maximum intensities, received little or no attention in seismological literature. Three such earthquakes will be described in terms of contemporary accounts: those of March 9, 1828, April 29, 1852, and of August 31, 1861. In no case did the maximum intensity exceed about VI on the Mercalli Scale, yet each was felt over many thousands of square miles. The 1828 shock affected at least 190,000 square miles, and was reported from Pennsylvania to South Carolina. That of 1852 affected about 187,000 square miles, and was reported from New York to North Carolina. That of 1861 affected at least 280,000 square miles, and was reported from Maryland to the Georgia-Alabama border. All three were felt from the Atlantic Coastal Plain westward into Ohio.

NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE FOUR-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER, EULIA QUADRIFASCIANA FERN. (LEPID.)

1927 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
S. W. Frost
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Life History ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The four-banded leaf-roller, Eulia quadrifasciana Fern., is very closely related and similar in habits to the red-banded leaf-roller, Eulia velutinana Walk. It was described by Fernald (1882) as Lophoderus quadrifasciana but was later placed in the genus Eulia by Kearfott (1905). Fernald (1908) put Lophoderus Steph., in synonymy with Eulia Hubn. For at least eight years following the original description it seems to have attracted little attention. Sanderson (1904) recorded it for the first time as a pest of apple in Delaware. The same year Fletcher (1900) reported it somewhat abundant in Canada. Subsequently it has been recorded from Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Illinois and it is apparently common throughout north eastern United States. It has been found somewhat common in Pennsylvania by the writer (1922) who mentions it in connection with Eulia mariana Fern., as a pest of apple.

The Age of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Northeastern United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hart ◽  
C. Margaret Scarry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Susquehanna River ◽  
Ams Dates

AbstractA radiocarbon date of A.D. 1070 ± 60 was linked to the remains of maize (Zea mays), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and squash (Cucñrbita pepo) at the Roundtop site in the Susquehanna River valley of New York by William Ritchie in 1969 and 1973 publications. This date established the presence of beans in the Northeast at an earlier time than in most other areas of the eastern United States, where they are generally rare before A.D. 1300. Subsequently beans have been reported in pre-A.D.1300 contexts from at least eight other sites in the Northeast. Recent calibrated AMS dates on beans from Roundtop are no earlier than A.D. 1300 (Hart 1999a). Given that the original Roundtop date was responsible for the acceptance of early beans in the Northeast, the AMS dates suggested that beans may not become archaeologically visible there until ca. A.D. 1300. AMS dates on beans from four other sites, reported here, substantiate the Roundtop results. Beans and by extension maize-beans-squash intercropping are not evident in the Northeast before ca. A.D. 1300.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Biological Control of Fire Blight in the Eastern United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Sundin ◽  
Nicole A. Werner ◽  
Keith S. Yoder ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Bacterial Endospores ◽  
Control Options

The bacterial antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, Pantoea agglomerans C9-1, and Pantoea agglomerans E325 and preparations of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 containing bacterial endospores and lipopeptide metabolites were evaluated for efficacy in controlling fire blight in Michigan, New York, and Virginia. When examined individually, the biological control materials were not consistently effective in reducing blossom infection. The average reduction in blossom infection observed in experiments conducted between 2001 and 2007 was variable and ranged from 9.1 to 36.1%, while control with streptomycin was consistent and ranged from 59.0 to 67.3%. Incidence of blossom colonization by the bacterial antagonists was inconsistent, and <60% of stigmata had the antagonists present in 12 of 25 experiments. Consistent control of blossom infection was observed when the biological control materials were integrated into programs with streptomycin, resulting in a reduction of the number of streptomycin applications needed to yield similar levels of control. Our results indicate that the prospects for biological control of fire blight in the eastern United States are currently not high due to the variability in efficacy of existing biological control options.

Pseudohelotium pineti. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Leningrad Oblast ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudohelotium pineti found on dead and whitened needles of Pinus sylvestris. Some information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Manitoba, Sasktachewan), USA (Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia), India (Jammu and Kashmir), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Komi Republic, Leningrad Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Karelia), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (Pinus spp.).

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Hosts: maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales), Ukraine, Canada (Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua).

Xylosandrus crassiusculus. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: polyphagous on many tree and shrub species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (USA, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama and Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amapa, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, French Guiana and Uruguay) and Oceania (Australia, Queensland, Guam, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea and Samoa).

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