Chromosome distribution between two restitution nuclei in a cell following colchicine treatment

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Davidson ◽  
E. Pertens ◽  
J.-P. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Distribution ◽  
Chromatid Segregation ◽  
Chromosome Position ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Prophase Nucleus ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Group Chromosome

Roots of Zea mays L., Secale cereale L., Vicia faba, L., Allium cepa L., and Hordeum vulgare L. were treated with colchicine. C-metaphases were observed in cells which had chromosomes present in two distinct groups, not the typical single group. Chromosome distribution into two groups was not followed by chromatid segregation: instead, the chromosomes underwent restitution and binucleate-interphase cells were formed. The distribution of chromosomes into two groups is functionally equivalent to chromosome nondisjunction. In some cases, the two groups contained different numbers of chromosomes; these gave rise to aneuploid nuclei. The results support the view that the pattern of chromosome distribution into two groups is not random; it may reflect chromosome position in the interphase or prophase nucleus. The results are related to (i) the formation of genotypic and phenotypic mosaics produced by treatment with other microtubule inhibiting drugs or in response to cell division mutants and (ii) the spatial distribution of chromosomes within the nucleus.

Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing: A Canadian Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McCartney ◽  
J Fraser ◽  
A Ohama
Keyword(s):  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Cost

Extension of the grazing season beyond the normal perennial grazing season has been identified as a potential mechanism to reduce the cost of production on Canadian cow-calf operations. This review will provide an overview of the potential use of warm-season and Brassica crops including corn (Zea mays), Golden German foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), kale (Brassica oleracea L.), forage rape (B. napus ssp. biennis L.) and turnip (B. rapa L.). These crops have a high yield potential, but the cost for grazing these crops has not been adequately compared with the cost of grazing oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and fall rye (Secale cereale L.). There are very few actual animal grazing trials evaluating the economics of using these crops in grazing systems in Canada, and this requires further research.Key words: Corn, millet, sorgum, sudan grass, fodder crops, brassicas

scholarly journals Entry into Mitosis in Vertebrate Somatic Cells Is Guarded by a Chromosome Damage Checkpoint That Reverses the Cell Cycle When Triggered during Early but Not Late Prophase

1998 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder ◽  
Richard W. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Checkpoint Control ◽  
Late Prophase ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Nuclear Envelope Breakdown ◽  
Prophase Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Events ◽  
A Cell

When vertebrate somatic cells are selectively irradiated in the nucleus during late prophase (<30 min before nuclear envelope breakdown) they progress normally through mitosis even if they contain broken chromosomes. However, if early prophase nuclei are similarly irradiated, chromosome condensation is reversed and the cells return to interphase. Thus, the G2 checkpoint that prevents entry into mitosis in response to nuclear damage ceases to function in late prophase. If one nucleus in a cell containing two early prophase nuclei is selectively irradiated, both return to interphase, and prophase cells that have been induced to returned to interphase retain a normal cytoplasmic microtubule complex. Thus, damage to an early prophase nucleus is converted into a signal that not only reverses the nuclear events of prophase, but this signal also enters the cytoplasm where it inhibits e.g., centrosome maturation and the formation of asters. Immunofluorescent analyses reveal that the irradiation-induced reversion of prophase is correlated with the dephosphorylation of histone H1, histone H3, and the MPM2 epitopes. Together, these data reveal that a checkpoint control exists in early but not late prophase in vertebrate cells that, when triggered, reverses the cell cycle by apparently downregulating existing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) activity.

The green manure value of seven clover species grown as annual crops on low and high fertility temperate soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ross ◽  
J. R. King ◽  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Temperate Soils ◽  
One Year

Annual and perennial clover species may differ in green manure value. Seven clover (Trifolium) species were grown as annual crops on low fertility (Breton) and high fertility (Edmonton) soils in Alberta. Four annual clovers [balansa (T. michelianum Savi), berseem (T. alexandrinum L.), crimson (T. incarnatum L.), and Persian (T. resupinatum L.)], three perennial clovers [alsike (T. hybridum L.), red (T. pratense L.), and white Dutch (T. repens L.)] and a non-legume reference crop [fall rye (Secale cereale L.)] were ploughed-down as green manure in autumn, and followed by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Annual clovers had greater biomass yields than perennial clovers, and berseem clover had the highest yield. At Breton, mean biomass N content was greater for perennial clovers (2.9 g N kg-1) than annual clovers (1.9 g N kg-1). Clover biomass at Breton yielded an average of 77 kg N ha-1, with N derived from the atmosphere averaging 88% by N difference method and 75% by 15N natural abundance method. At Edmonton, the green manures had few effects on soil nitrate and subsequent barley yields. At Breton, all clover green manures except balansa increased barley yields, and grain yields were greater following perennial clovers than annual clovers in one year. Annual clovers will provide forage biomass and add N in areas where rainfall is adequate, and they may be preferable under zero tillage. However there is no advantage of annual clovers, relative to perennial clovers, in terms of N supply.Key words: Green manure, clover, Trifolium species, nitrogen fixation

scholarly journals Research on the Allelophatic Effect Between the Invasive Species Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. (“Floarea Pustei”) and Some Agricultural Crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae HODIŞAN ◽  
Gavrilă MORAR ◽  
Cristina-Maria NEAG
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Germination And Growth

The paper presents the results of the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, in the interaction between the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) and five crop species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The tests consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from young Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. plants, as well as from different vegetative organs harvested from mature plants (roots, leaves and seeds). The results show a highly significant inhibiting effect on the germination of wheat, rye, barley and rape seeds and an insignificant one in lucerne seeds. A strong inhibiting effect upon the growth of plants in early stages of vegetation was established in wheat and rape and a stimulation of growth in the same stage of vegetation in barley and lucerne.

scholarly journals Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae HODIŞAN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Germination And Growth

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of T. terrestris on maize seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Tijana Petrovic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Dragica Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
High Incidence

Pathogenicity of P. terrestris was determined by the Knop?s medium slants method in test tubes. Isolates originated from the roots of maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense Pers.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) P.B.). A fragment of a fungal colony, cultivated on PDA, was placed on the bottom of Knop?s medium slant in each test tube and then sterilised a maize seed was placed 2 cm away from the inoculum. After 21-day inoculation of seeds, the intensity of the development of symptoms on maize seedlings was estimated. The reddish or dark pigment on the root, mesocotyl and/or coleoptyl of seedlings was an indicator for the infection by the fungus under in vitro conditions. Based on the pathogenicity test, the isolates were classified into the following three groups: slightly (3 isolates), moderately (6 isolates) and very pathogenic (6 isolates) to maize seedlings. The obtained results show that P. terrestris, originating from different hosts, can be a maize pathogen. These results can explain the high frequency and high incidence of this fungus on maize roots in Serbia.

PARENTAL EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOME DOUBLING FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY TRITICALE

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Independent Effects

Intergeneric hybridization between six hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and five inbred rye (Secale cereale L.) lines was used to study the influence of parental genotypes upon chromosome doubling after colchicine treatment. Significant differences were attributed to independent effects of the wheat and rye parents. Self-fertility of the derived amphidiploids was positively correlated with colchicine responsiveness.

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