Kernel-weight effects and transmission of a partial trisome involving the long arm of chromosome 5 in maize

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Translocation Breakpoint ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Chromosome 5

Effects of trisomy for a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5 of maize (Zea mays L.) were explored by using the B5La element derived from the B–A translocation TB-5La. In one family, the B5La chromosome was transmitted through the egg to half of the offspring; in two other families, the rate of transmission was 44 and 46%, respectively. From the reciprocal cross, only 5.6% of the progeny carried B5La. The presence of the allele Pr (purple aleurone) on the partial trisome made it possible to study the effect of trisomy for a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5 on kernel weight. The trisegmental kernels averaged 11% lighter than their disomic sibs on seven ears and were of the same weight on one ear. It appears that the particular alleles of genes on B5La originally reduced kernel weight, but one variant, presumably acquired by crossing over, did not. Crossover products involving an exchange between the translocation breakpoint on B5La and the pr locus occurred at a rate of 8.3%.

scholarly journals The Genetic Architecture of Maize (Zea mays L.) Kernel Weight Determination

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alvarez Prado ◽  
C. G. Lopez ◽  
M. L. Senior ◽  
L. Borras
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight

scholarly journals Nonreciprocal partial cross-incompatibility in maize

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitisri Sukhapinda ◽  
Peter A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Normal Seed ◽  
Controlling Elements

A case of cross-incompatibility among crosses in our genetics nursery was first observed in 1975. These crosses though involving controlling elements in maize (Zea mays L.) do not necessarily implicate these elements. When the derivative genotypes from the genetic stocks were crossed by specific male parents, ears with reduced seed set (RSS) were produced. In the reciprocal cross where these same genetic stocks were used as the male parent, ears with normal seed set (NSS) were obtained. The RSS effect is a heritable character caused by an incompatibility interaction between the female tissue and a specific pollen type. The genetic control of the incompatibility interaction has been hypothesized to be influenced by a cytoplasmic–chromosomal interaction in the female and a chromosomal factor in the pollen. The site of the incompatibility interaction is not on the silk surface because the incompatible pollen germinated and developed normally on the silk surface. Thus, the incompatibility interaction can occur either inside the silk or the ovule.

Cross-pollination effects on maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid yields

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
N Fertility

Recent studies have shown that pollen from a long-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid increased yield of a short-season hybrid by lengthening the effective grain-filling period, while the reciprocal cross did not alter this period or yield. This effect (metaxenia) was evaluated further in the studies reported here with hybrids of more diverse maturity and under both high and low N fertility. In the first year of this study (1989), sib- and cross-pollinations were made among B73Ht × Mo17 (B × 7) and two early-silking hybrids, LH59 × LH146 (L × 6) and Pioneer 3732 (3732) under N-sufficient (275 kg ha−1) and two lower N regimes (17 and 67 kg ha−1). Only a few significant effects were observed and these were noted at high N with one exception. With 3732 pollen, grain yield of B × 7 was decreased at 275 kg N ha−1, and physiological maturity occurred 3 d earlier. Yield of 3732 was increased by L × 6 pollen in comparison with B × 7 pollen. Kernel number and average kernel weight were not altered by pollen source. Pollen type did not affect yields under low N fertility, except for a reduction when B × 7 was pollinated by L × 6 at the 67-kg N ha−1 rate. In 1990, under N-sufficient fertility, B73Ht × LH156 (B × 6), a late-silking hybrid, and LH146 × LH82 (L × 2), an earlier hybrid, were sib- and cross-pollinated with B × 7 and 3732. The only significant effect observed was that L × 2 pollen increased B × 6 yield. Thus with the hybrids used, yields of early-season types were not altered by cross-pollination with long-season types. Previous results showing increased yields when 3732 was pollinated by B × 7 were not duplicated in either year, suggesting metaxenia effects are highly dependent upon environment.Key words: Metaxenia, xenia, cross-pollination, maize, yield, N levels

A STUDY ON THE STRUCTURE OF GENE Rp3 FOR RUST RESISTANCE IN ZEA MAYS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. S. Saxena ◽  
A. L. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Complex Locus

In maize (Zea mays L.) Rp3 expresses itself as a dominant gene for resistance to Puccinia sorghi Schw. culture 90laba and as a recessive gene for resistance to culture 933a. Suspecting that Rp3 is a complex locus consisting of two closely linked genes, efforts were made to separate the two putative genes by crossing over. Maize lines heterozygous for resistance and glossy leaf genes (Rp3 - Gl6/rp3 - gl6) were crossed with inbreds homozygous for susceptibility and glossy leaves (rp3 - gl6/rp3 - gl6). The testcross progeny, consisting of 4802 seedlings, was tested with culture 90laba. Fifty-seven recombinant seedlings, resistant to culture 90laba and glossy, were isolated and grown to maturity. These were selfed and their progeny tested to identify those that may have arisen from crossing over within region Rp3. No recombinants of this nature were found. If Rp3 is a complex locus, the two genes comprising it could not be more than 0.06 map units apart.

Some factors influencing electrolyte leakage from maize (Zea mays L.) kernels

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bruggink ◽  
H. L. Kraak ◽  
M. H. G. E. Dijkema ◽  
J. Bekendam
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Maize Kernels

AbstractEven though the embryo of a maize (Zea mays L.) kernel contributes relatively little to total kernel weight, it is a main source of electrolytes which leach from the kernel during imbibition. Ageing of maize kernels for 18 days at 40°C and a moisture content of about 15% results in an increase of electrolyte leakage which almost exclusively originates from the embryo. The effect of ageing is most apparent after prolonged periods of imbibition. Mechanical damage increases leakage early during imbibition, the effect of damage being considerably larger for aged than for unaged kernels. The large amount of electrolytes measured after the first hour of imbibition of undamaged kernels comes mainly from the pericarp. The electrolyte content of the pericarp is variety dependent and may interfere with quality testing by conductivity measurements.

Biplot analysis for multi-environment trials of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Safari Dolatabad ◽  
Rajab Choukan ◽  
Eslam Majidi Hervan ◽  
Hamid Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Two Sectors

Adapted maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids should be identified and chosen based on multi-environment trials analysing several traits. The objectives of this study were to identify mega-environments and suitable adapted maize hybrids based on both mean grain yield and grain yield stability and were to evaluate the 14 maize hybrids based on several desirable traits. Biplot analysis determined one mega-environment and two sectors that consist of one location in each sector for maize in Iran. The mega-environment included Kerman (KRM), Kermanshah (KSH), Moghan (MGN), Dezfol A (DZF A), Karaj (KRJ), Darab (DRB), Dezfol B (DZF B), Shiraz B (SHZ B), and Esfahan (ESF), where hybrid OSSK 602 was the best performing hybrid. The first sector included Khoramabad (KHM) where BC 678 was the best hybrid, and the second sector included Shiraz A (SHZ A) where ZP 599 was the hybrid with the highest performance. OSSK 602 was the best hybrid among all of the studied hybrids followed by ZP 677 and ZP 684. The genotype × trait biplot indicated that ZP 677 and OSSK 602 had greater thousand-kernel weight and grain number, whereas ZP 684 had longer day to maturity and larger cob diameter. KSC 700, KSC 704, and BC 678 had higher ear height and more days to tasseling than other hybrids. The genotype × trait biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and it was used in identifying hybrids that are good for some particular traits.

QTL Analysis of Kernel Ratio, Kernel Depth, and 100-Kernel Weight in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Qiang ZHANG ◽  
Li-Xia KU ◽  
Jun ZHANG ◽  
Zan-Ping HAN ◽  
Yan-Hui CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Kernel Weight

scholarly journals Effect of Farmyard Manure Application on Yield and Some Quality Characteristics of Popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) at the Organic Farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Gulgun Oktem ◽  
Abdullah Oktem
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Set Up

Aims: It was aimed to determine the effect of different levels of farmyard manure on yield and quality attributes of the popcorn (Zea mays L. everta Sturt) grown under second crop conditions. Study Design: The experiment was set up according to randomized complete blocks experimental design with 3 replicates. Place and Duration of Study: Research was conducted in 2018 under Harran Plain conditions as second crop, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Methodology: Antcin hybrid popcorn variety was used as a plant material. Farmyard manure (FYM) applications were 0 (control), 1 tone da-1 FYM, 2 tone da-1 FYM, 3 tone da-1 FYM, 4 tone da-1 FYM, 5 tone da-1 FYM and 6 tone da-1 FYM. In study, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio values were researched. Results: Farmyard manure levels were significant in all tested characteristics. Farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height (P≤0.05), stem diameter, grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, popping volume and protein ratio (P≤0.01). The highest plant height value was seen 6 tone da-1 application of FYM application whereas the lowest plant height value was found at control parcel. Stem diameter value ranged from 19.33 mm (control) to 23.87 mm (5 tone da-1 FYM). The highest grain yield value obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM (489.71 kg da-1) while the lowest value was seen at control parcel (219.95 kg da-1). But 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM applications were found in same statistical groups. 1000 kernel weight values ranged from 159.60 g to 204.67 g. The highest popping volume value was seen 6 tone da-1 FYM treatment. Protein ratio (%) values ranged from % 9.27 to %14.01. The highest protein ratio was obtained from 6 tone da-1 FYM while the lowest protein ratio value was found at control parcel. Conclusion: All farmyard manure levels effected positively on plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio. The highest grain yield value was seen at 6 tone da-1 FYM. But, 4, 5 and 6 tone da-1 FYM treatments were in the same statistical groups. There was no statistically significant increase in grain yield after 4 tone da-1 farmyard application (478.57 kg da-1). According to research results, considering grain yield, popping volume and protein ratio values, 4 tone da-1 farmyard manure was seen sufficient in organic popcorn cultivation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document