EFFECT OF CULTIVAR COMBINATION ON MEIOSIS IN BARLEY-WHEAT HYBRIDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

Hordeum vulgare cultivars Betzes, Bonus, and Emir were crossed with Triticum aestivum cultivars Chinese Spring and Koga. Variable cultivar effects on chiasma frequency in hybrids were observed. Chiasma frequencies per cell varied from 0.38 in the Emir × Chinese Spring hybrid to 3.27 in the Bonus × Koga hybrid. Paired configurations involved homeologous wheat chromsomes.

PRODUCTION, MORPHOLOGY AND MEIOSIS OF RECIPROCAL BARLEY-WHEAT HYBRIDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Genome ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The intercrossing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) yielded hybrids at a frequency of 0.80% of pollinated florets for the barley-wheat combinations and 0.23% for the reciprocal cross. An increase in homoeologous pairing of wheat chromosomes was observed in both hybrids compared with the pairing observed in wheat haploids indicating that the barley genome had pairing promoting properties. Cytological abnormalities such as hyperploid meiotic cells and isochromosomes were attributed to abnormalities at premeiotic mitosis.

GENETIC VARIATION IN TRITICUM AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Driscoll ◽  
C. J. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Genetic differences which affect the extent of homoeologous chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids have been demonstrated between varieties of Triticum aestivum. Each of seven varieties of Triticum was crossed with the same strain of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences in chiasma frequencies between varieties were found. Varieties Eureka, Gamut and Chinese Spring constitute one group with a relatively low chiasma frequency and varieties A. R. Falcon, Federation and Poso constitute a distinct second group with a relatively high chiasma frequency. The variety Bearded Yalta is intermediate to the two groups. Thus, this genetic variation appears to be common among varieties of Triticum. Presumably this variation does not become subject to natural selection as long as chromosome pairing in the parental varieties remains strictly homologous.

CHROMOSOMES OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT CARRYING GENES FOR CROSSABILITY WITH BETZES BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

Chromosome substitution lines of the variety Hope in Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed onto Betzes barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.). Three substitution lines of Hope involving chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D gave no seed-set indicating that their counterparts in Chinese Spring were responsible for crossability with barley and that they function in complementary fashion. Other chromosomes of Hope had minor effects on crossability with barley.

Promotion of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops variabilis

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farooq ◽  
N. Iqbal ◽  
T. M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum variety Lu-26 and ph1b mutant of the cultivar Chinese Spring were produced with three accessions, A, B, and E, of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences were found in the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiotic metaphase I. Hybrids between wheat variety Lu-26 and accessions A and B of Ae. variabilis showed very little pairing, as indicated by the chiasma frequency of 1.0 and 1.5 per cell, respectively. Hybrids between Lu-26 and accession E, on the other hand, showed significantly increased homoeologous pairing (mean chiasma frequency, 12.6/cell). The level of such pairing was essentially the same as that between the hybrids of ph1b 'Chinese Spring' × Ae. variabilis accessions A and B. However, when the ph1b mutant was hyridized with accession E, the level of chromosome pairing increased significantly (mean chiasma frequency, 17.52/cell). This is indicative of the presence of pairing promoter gene(s) in Ae. variabilis accession E, which are epistatic to the wheat Ph1 allele and positively interact with its mutant form to further increase the ph1b ceiling to homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum, ph1b mutant, Aegilops variabilis, intergeneric hybrids, homoeologous pairing.

A bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) × cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) hybrid with homoeologous chromosome pairing

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sethi ◽  
R. A. Finch ◽  
T. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing

Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' mutant ph1b lacking the major wheat homoeologous pairing prevention gene was pollinated with Hordeum vulgare line 'Tuleen 346,' a triple interchange homozygote with all chromosomes distinct from one another. Two wheat-like hybrids, one with 28 and one with 31 chromosomes, were produced. Homoeologous chromosome pairing occurred in the hybrids, but no evidence of interspecific chromosome pairing was observed. Both hybrids were sterile, but pollination of the 28-chromosome hybrid with 'Chinese Spring' pollen gave a few seeds. Within the F1 hybrids, chromosome numbers varied slightly, especially among pollen mother cells, and barley showed partial dominance of nucleolus organizer regions in somatic cells. The 31-chromosome hybrid was awned possibly indicating extra dosage of a homoeologous group-2 chromosome.Key words: wheat, barley, hybrid, homoeologous pairing.

scholarly journals The genetic control of triosephosphate isomerase of hexaploid wheat and other Triticeae species

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pietro ◽  
Gary E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryThe zymogram phenotypes of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were determined for a large number of aneuploid derivatives of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ and for six wheat-alien species chromosome addition series. Examination of the available compensating nullisomic-tetrasomic and homoeologous groups 3 and 5 ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring disclosed that T. aestivum possesses two systems of dimeric TPI isozymes, designated TPI-1 and TPI-2. The genes TPI-A1, TPI-B1 and TPI-D1 were located in Chinese Spring chromosome arms 3Ap, 3Bp and 3Dp, respectively and the genes TPI-A2, TPI-B2 and TPI-D2 in chromosome arms 5Aq, 5Bq and 5Dq, respectively. TPI-1 genes were also located in Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes chromosome 3H, T. longissimum chromosome G, Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E, and Secale cereale cvs. Imperial and Dakold chromosome 3R. TPI-2 genes were found in Betzes chromosome 5H, T. umbellulatum chromosome 5U, T. longissimum chromosome F, and Imperial and Dakold chromosome 5R. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between the alien chromosomes in which the genes are located and the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3 and 5 of Chinese Spring, respectively. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a TPI-R2 gene in each of the T. aestivum cv. Kharkov -S. cereale cv. Dakold chromosome addition lines studied suggesting that this gene is present in the wheat genome in each member of this addition series.

Ultrastructure of Plant Leaf Tissue Infected with Mite-Borne Viral-Like Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 178-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer ◽  
L. R. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Aceria Tulipae

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).

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