GENETIC VARIABILITY IN A HETEROGENEOUS POPULATION OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
S. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Composite Crosses

Two populations, dryland (D) and irrigated (I), were developed by propagating Composite Cross XXI (CCXXI) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under contrasting soil moisture levels. Both populations were characterized by low outcrossing rates (less than 1%) and high levels of genetic variability. The means of these two populations did not show much divergence for six quantitative characters. However, substantially greater variability was observed in the D population for grain size and yield. Exposure to greater fluctuations of soil moisture and reduced intergenotype competition under dryland conditions were considered responsible for maintaining greater variability in the D population. The results indicated that continuous propagation of heterogeneous populations such as composite crosses of barley under low rainfall (average annual precipitation of about 350 mm) conditions is more effective in reducing genetic erosion and maintaining agriculturally useful variability than under more favorable rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Serbian Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Collection during a 40-Year Long Breeding Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Brbaklić ◽  
Dragana Trkulja ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Vojislava Momčilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Breeding Material

Determination of genetic diversity and population structure of breeding material is an important prerequisite for discovering novel and valuable alleles aimed at crop improvement. This study’s main objective was to characterize genetic diversity and population structure of a collection representing a 40-year long historical period of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding, using microsatellites, pedigree, and phenotypic data. The set of 90 barley genotypes was phenotyped during three growing seasons and genotyped with 338 polymorphic alleles. The indicators of genetic diversity showed differentiation changes throughout the breeding periods. The population structure discriminated the breeding material into three distinctive groups. The principal coordinate analysis grouped the genotypes according to their growth habit and row type. An analysis of phenotypic variance (ANOVA) showed that almost all investigated traits varied significantly between row types, seasons, and breeding periods. A positive effect on yield progress during the 40-year long breeding period could be partly attributed to breeding for shorter plants, which reduced lodging and thus provided higher yield stability. The breeding material revealed a considerable diversity level based on microsatellite and phenotypic data without a tendency of genetic erosion throughout the breeding history and implied dynamic changes in genetic backgrounds, providing a great gene pool suitable for further barley improvement.

scholarly journals Community structure of epigeic arthropods in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. e0304-e0304
Author(s):  
Vladimír Langraf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Aim of study: The study of epigeic arthropods provides information on how ecosystems respond to different management practices. Changes in the structure of epigeic groups reflect changes in the ecological status of habitats. We assessed the influence of semi-natural habitats and environmental variables on the dispersion of the epigeic groups. Area of study: Southwestern part of Slovakia Material and methods: Between 2018 and 2020, six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) fields were selected each year. Five pitfall traps were placed on each field and environmental variables (soil pH and moisture, light conditions, soil N, P, K) were analysed. We collected 8,730 individuals belonging to 14 taxonomic groups. The variables of the study sites (habitat, locality name, cadastral area, altitude, coordinates of localities) were also analysed. Main results: We observed a decrease in the average number of individuals in the direction from pitfall traps 1 (semi-natural areas) to 5 (barley crop) between July and August. The number of individuals was similar in May and June. The dispersion of epigeic arthropods was affected by soil moisture, pH soil, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. In the beetles model group, which was represented by the highest number of individuals, we confirmed an increasing number of individuals with increasing values of K, P, N and soil moisture. The neutral pH of the soil was optimal for beetles. Research highlights: The ecotone rule does not apply during all months, so we have contributed new information about the ecotone rule. Agricultural intensification affects soil arthropods, a taxonomic group with an important role in the functioning of agricultural ecosystems.

Evaluation of barley cultivars for resistance to ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pageau ◽  
J.-M. Wauthy ◽  
J. Collin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Adaptation Test

From 1988–1990, entries of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) adaptation test were evaluated under conditions of natural infection for resistance to the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea L. (Fr.) Tul.). The study was conducted at four sites in the Lac-St-Jean region of Quebec, Canada, where the disease is endemic. Cultivars Laurier (3-yr test), Maskot and Sabina (2-yr test) were the most resistant with sclerotial content below 0.10%. Cultivars Albany and Leger (3-yr test), Symko and Morrison (2-yr test) were the most susceptible. Results indicate there is genetic variability for ergot resistance in barley. This resistance may be useful in control of ergot under conditions of natural infection. Key words: Barley, ergot, resistance

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