THE GENETICS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN MAN

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Genetics Of Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

The genetics of diabetes mellitus in man has been reviewed. The evidence for genetic heterogeneity on clinical, biochemical and HLA (histocompatibility leukocyte antigens) data is presented. An attempt is made to interpret the meaning of the associations of the disease and certain HLA antigens and the complement factor, properdin in populations and in families. The population data can be best explained by the linkage disequilibrium hypothesis requiring tight linkage between the DS (diabetes susceptibility) locus and those in the MHC (major histocompatibility complex). Linkage between the DS locus and MHC from family data is estimated to be about 14%, which is not likely tight enough to be compatible with the population data; and a one locus or one allele hypothesis and genetic heterogeneity is postulated as the best explanation of the incompatibility between population and family data. It is still impossible to precisely define the exact genetic hypothesis for diabetes in man.

scholarly journals The Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex in Organ Transplantation- Donor Specific Anti-Major Histocompatibility Complex Antibodies Analysis Goes to the Next Stage -

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Nakamura ◽  
Takayuki Shirouzu ◽  
Katsuya Nakata ◽  
Norio Yoshimura ◽  
Hidetaka Ushigome
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

Organ transplantation has progressed with the comprehension of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). It is true that the outcome of organ transplantation largely relies on how well rejection is managed. It is no exaggeration to say that to be well acquainted with MHC is a shortcut to control rejection. In human beings, MHC is generally recognized as human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Under the current circumstances, the number of alleles is still increasing, but the function is not completely understood. Their roles in organ transplantation are of vital importance, because mismatches of HLA alleles possibly evoke both cellular and antibody-mediated rejection. Even though the control of cellular rejection has improved by recent advances of immunosuppressants, there is no doubt that antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), which is strongly correlated with donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA), brings a poor outcome. Thus, to diagnose and treat AMR correctly is a clear proposition. In this review, we would like to focus on the detection of intra-graft DSA as a recent trend. Overall, here we will review the current knowledge regarding MHC, especially with intra-graft DSA, and future perspectives: HLA epitope matching; eplet risk stratification; predicted indirectly recognizable HLA epitopes etc. in the context of organ transplantation.

HLA Antigens in Spanish Patients with Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 367s-368s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fernandez-Cruz ◽  
M. Luque Otero ◽  
L. Llorente Perez ◽  
C. Fernandez Pinilla ◽  
N. Martell Claros
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

1. Human leucocyte AB antigens were determined by means of a lymphocyte toxicity test in 84 patients with essential hypertension and in 1000 blood donors. 2. The prevalence of HLA B8 was 16.4% in hypertensive patients and 8.9% in controls (P = 0.07). 3. The prevalence of HLA B12 was 34.5% in hypertensive patients and 26.9% in the control group (N.S.). In WHO stage III hypertension HLA B12 was found in six out of 10 patients. 4. The prevalence of HLA B15 was 1.2% in hypertensive patients and 6.4% in controls (P < 0.05). 5. In view of a previous report of HLA antigens in a Spanish diabetic population, this study does not support the suggestion of a genetic and possibly HLA-linked connection between essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus among the Spanish population. 6. A positive family history of hypertension tended to be more common in those patients with essential hypertension associated with HLA B8.

scholarly journals HLA-Antigens in Thyrotoxic Patients with Overt Diabetes Mellitus

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 811-818
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki HOSOJIMA ◽  
Eiji MIYAUCHI ◽  
Hiroshi OKADA ◽  
Sadahide AZUKIZAWA ◽  
Shinpei MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Overt Diabetes

scholarly journals The Use of Peptide-Major-Histocompatibility-Complex Multimers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg S. Gojanovich ◽  
Sabrina L. Murray ◽  
Adam S. Buntzman ◽  
Ellen F. Young ◽  
Benjamin G. Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

scholarly journals Stability of antigens on leukocytes in banked platelet concentrates: decline in HLA-DR antigen expression and mixed lymphocyte culture stimulating capacity following storage

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
ME Sherman ◽  
WH Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Class I ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Platelet Storage ◽  
Leukocyte Antigens

Abstract Repeatedly transfused thrombocytopenic patients frequently form antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and become unresponsive to random donor platelet transfusions. Although exposure to foreign antigens borne on donor leukocytes appears necessary to provoke primary sensitization, the stability of leukocyte antigens during routine platelet storage is largely unknown. Accordingly, we serially measured the expression of surface markers on leukocytes derived from platelet concentrates during storage using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Our results indicate that the expression of class I HLA antigens, Leu-4 (T cell), and HLe-1 (pan leukocyte) remained stable on lymphocytes under standard platelet storage conditions, but that the percentage of lymphocytes bearing class II HLA antigens declined significantly over time. This decline in lymphocyte HLA class II expression was associated with a significantly diminished ability of stored leukocytes to stimulate blastogenesis in mixed lymphocyte culture. However, leukocytes retained the ability to respond in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) following storage. We also performed studies on lymphocytes cultured in the presence of cyclohexamide, which suggested that the expression of class I HLA antigens and B2 microglobulin are highly sensitive to the inhibition of protein synthesis, whereas the expression of class II HLA antigens, Leu- 4, and HLe-1 are not. Our results may prove useful in understanding the mechanisms that lead to platelet refractoriness and in designing strategies to prevent HLA alloimmunization.

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