MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN MONOPLOID SUGARBEET

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Behavior

The meiotic behavior of a monoploid plant of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) was studied. At meta-anaphase I univalents, bivalents and trivalents, and secondary associations of up to three chromosomes were observed, with an average of 8.65 I + 0.16 II + 0.01 III per cell or 0.18 chiasmata per cell. Chromosomes migrated to the poles at anaphase I in all possible numerical groupings. Various numbers of laggards, dividing laggards, bridges, and fragments occurred at both divisions. It appears that two or more duplications are present in the genome of this monoploid plant.

Meiotic behavior of a tiny fragment chromosome that carries a transposed centromere

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majorie P. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Key Words Meiosis ◽  
Normal Maize ◽  
Degree Of Condensation

A supernumerary, tiny chromosome with a transposed centromere, in an apparently normal maize background, was observed through meiotic stages from pachytene through anaphase II. Departures from normal meiotic chromosome behavior were noted for this tiny chromosome. These included failure of the usual degree of condensation at pachytene, failure of synapsis, and most strikingly the ability of sister centromeres to interact with the spindle on schedule with the normal dyads at anaphase I, so that monads were commonly distributed to the poles for telophase I and then often lagged at anaphase II. Possible significance of the unusual behavior is discussed. Key words: meiosis, fragment, centromere.

Meiotic chromosome behavior of Haworthia limifolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Afrin Nazli ◽  
Kamini Kumar*
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Chromosomal Behaviour

Haworthia limifolia is a xerophytic plant belonging to the family Liliaceae and is indigenous to Africa. It is use extensively for its medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal properties and used for the treatment of sores, superficial burns, as a blood purifier and to promote pregnancy in women and cattles. In present investigation chromosomal behaviour of H. limifolia in meiosis was studied. In diplotene stage chiasmata was observed showing the possibilities of genetic recombination. Chromosome clumps were observed in diakinesis indicating sticky nature of chromosomes. Meiotic abnormalities like stickiness, precocious movement, formation of bridges and laggards were also reported in both meiosis I and II. A fairly high percentage of pollen sterility that is 73.41% was recorded resulting in failure of fruit formation. This plant could be designated as facultative apomict (Swanson, 1957) as the only means of reproduction found was asexual or vegetative.

Intergeneric hybrids of Hordeum vulgare with Agropyron caninum and A. dasystachyum

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Spindle Fibre ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Agropyron Caninum

Hybrids were obtained by pollinating Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes with Agropyron caninum (4x) and A. dasystachyum (4x) at frequencies of 1.4 and 6.1% of pollinated florets, respectively. The hybrids were sterile and phenotypically resembled the paternal parent, except for floret structure which was intermediate between the parental types. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was very low and thus provided no indication of homoeology between parental genomes. Abnormal meiotic chromosome behavior in meiocytes that occurred in sectors on the 'Betzes' × A. dasystachyum hybrid was attributed to abnormal spindle fibre function.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron caninum, Agropyron dasystachyum.

Mode of reproduction and meiotic chromosome behavior in Acroceras macrum

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-344
Author(s):  
Silvana C. Ferrari Usandizaga ◽  
Eric J. Martínez ◽  
Mara Schedler ◽  
Ana I. Honfi ◽  
Carlos A. Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Mode Of Reproduction

scholarly journals Oligo-painting and GISH reveal meiotic chromosome biases and increased meiotic stability in synthetic allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus with dysploid parental karyotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzheng Zhao ◽  
Yunzhu Wang ◽  
Yunfei Bi ◽  
Yufei Zhai ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Inbred Family

Abstract Background Meiosis of newly formed allopolyploids frequently encounter perturbations induced by the merging of divergent and hybridizable genomes. However, to date, the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes have not been studied in detail. The allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38) was obtained from interspecific hybridization between C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14) and C. hystrix (HH, 2n = 24) followed by chromosome doubling. The results of this study thus offer an excellent opportunity to explore the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes. Results In this report, we describe the meiotic properties of five chromosomes (C5, C7, H1, H9 and H10) and two genomes in interspecific hybrids and C. ×hytivus (the 4th and 14th inbred family) through oligo-painting and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We show that 1) only two translocations carrying C5-oligo signals were detected on the chromosomes C2 and C4 of one 14th individual by the karyotyping of eight 4th and 36 14th plants based on C5- and C7-oligo painting, and possible cytological evidence was observed in meiosis of the 4th generation; 2) individual chromosome have biases for homoeologous pairing and univalent formation in F1 hybrids and allotetraploids; 3) extensive H-chromosome autosyndetic pairings (e.g., H-H, 25.5% PMCs) were observed in interspecific F1 hybrid, whereas no C-chromosome autosyndetic pairings were observed (e.g. C-C); 4) the meiotic properties of two subgenomes have significant biases in allotetraploids: H-subgenome exhibits higher univalent and chromosome lagging frequencies than C-subgenome; and 5) increased meiotic stability in the S14 generation compared with the S4 generation, including synchronous meiosis behavior, reduced incidents of univalent and chromosome lagging. Conclusions These results suggest that the meiotic behavior of two subgenomes has dramatic biases in response to interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization, and the meiotic behavior harmony of subgenomes is a key subject of meiosis evolution in C. ×hytivus. This study helps to elucidate the meiotic properties and evolution of nascent allopolyploids with the dysploid parental karyotypes.

Bromus pictus of the B. setifolius complex (section Pnigma): numerical taxonomy and chromosome evidence for species rank

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2493-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Naranjo ◽  
F. H. Arias ◽  
F. E. Gil ◽  
A. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Components Analysis

Two biotic sympatric taxa of the Bromus setifolius complex, which are presently considered as varieties, were studied using cytological and numerical taxonomy methods. The numerical taxonomy analysis (cluster and principal components analysis) based on 35 characters showed the existence of two phenetically significant groups. One is formed by individuals that correspond to B. setifolius Presl. and the other by individuals with the characters of Bromus pictus Hook. All plants of B. setifolius had 2n = 4x = 28, and all the B. pictus individuals had 2n = 10x = 70. Other cytological differences between the two taxa were found, e.g., karyotype formulae, type of satellites, basic genome length, asymmetry, C-banding patterns, and meiotic chromosome behavior. Cytological differences, which parallel the constant morphological features exhibited by each taxa, justify specific status. Taking into acount other characters, such as perenniality, breeding system, and reproductive isolation barrier, the relationships and evolution of these taxa are discussed. Key words: Bromus setifolius, Bromus pictus, numerical taxonomy, karyotype, C-banding.

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