ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF OAT PROLAMINES AND SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN AVENA

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kim ◽  
J. Mossé
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Starch Gel

Starch gel electrophoretic studies on seed prolamines of 17 different di-, tetra-, and hexaploid Avena species were undertaken to determine species relationships and the evolutionary process of the polyploids. Significant intraspecific variation was observed. Electrophoregrams of each species were obtained by superposing all the bands found in the same species and in total, 17 bands were observed. Clear differences were found between species in their patterns, which allowed determination of the bands specific to three genomes (A, C and D). Like the diploids, the tetraploids can be divided into two groups on the basis of electrophoretic patterns: A. barbata and A. magna-A. murphyi. It is evident that A. magna-murphyi group is derived from both the A and C genome species of diploids while A. barbata is derived from the A genome species only. The similarity between A. magna and A. murphyi was also confirmed. The hexaploids were derived from A. magna-murphyi group and a D genome ancestor although the last one is not discovered yet.

ANALYSIS OF SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN AVENAE BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY AND DISC ELECTROPHORESIS

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Dass
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Disc Electrophoresis ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Esterase Patterns

Thin-layer chromatographic studies on flavonoids, and disc electrophoretic studies on proteins and esterase isoenzymes were conducted with Avena to determine species relationships and genome homologies. Distinctness of Avena ventricosa and A. pilosa was observed in comparison to other diploid species. Closeness of the diploid species of the A. strigosa group (including hirtula and wiestii) was evident from the similarity of their protein and esterase spectra. The tetraploid species, A. barbata and A. abyssinica, were found to be very close to A. hirtula and A. strigosa, respectively, by TLC studies. Proteins and esterases also showed that the tetraploid species are very close to the A. strigosa group of diploid species. The contribution of a genome by the A. strigosa group to the tetraploids and hexaploids was confirmed. The hexaploids showed different protein and esterase patterns. The involvement of A. ventricosa as the C genome donor to the hexaploids was shown by the protein and esterase spectra. A few extra protein bands observed may have been from the D genome.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines using cloned repetitive DNA sequences

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Irigoyen ◽  
C Linares ◽  
E Ferrer ◽  
A Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Fish Mapping ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) employing multiple probes was used with mitotic or meiotic chromosome spreads of Avena sativa L. cv. SunII and its monosomic lines to produce physical chromosome maps. The probes used were Avena strigosa pAs120a (which hybridizes exclusively to A-genome chromosomes), Avena murphyi pAm1 (which hybridizes exclusively to C-genome chromosomes), A. strigosa pAs121 (which hybridizes exclusively to A- and D-genome chromosomes), and the wheat rDNA probes pTa71 and pTa794. Simultaneous and sequential FISH employing two-by-two combinations of these probes allowed the unequivocal identification and genome assignation of all chromosomes. Ten pairs were found carrying intergenomic translocations: (i) between the A and C genomes (chromosome pair 5A); (ii) between the C and D genomes (pairs 1C, 2C, 4C, 10C, and 16C); and (iii) between the D and C genomes (pairs 9D, 11D, 13D, and 14D). The existence of a reciprocal intergenomic translocation (10C–14D) is also proposed. Comparing these results with those of other hexaploids, three intergenomic translocations (10C, 9D, and 14D) were found to be unique to A. sativa cv. SunII, supporting the view that 'SunII' is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and from cultivars of the A. sativa species. FISH mapping using meiotic and mitotic metaphases facilitated the genomic and chromosomal identification of the aneuploid chromosome in each monosomic line. Of the 18 analyzed, only 11 distinct monosomic lines were actually found, corresponding to 5 lines of the A genome, 2 lines of the C genome, and 4 lines of the D genome. The presence or absence of the 10C–14D interchange was also monitored in these lines.Key words: Avena sativa, monosomics, FISH mapping, genomic identification, intergenomic translocations.

Further hybrids involving the perennial autotetraploid oat Avena macrostachya

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Chromosome pairing in the triploid hybrid Avena damascena × A. macrostachya is very similar to the chromosome pairing observed in previously reported triploid hybrids involving the A genome diploid taxa A. atlantica and A. prostrata, indicating that little more than residual homology remains between these A genome diploids and either of the genomes of A. macrostachya. The chromosome pairing in the hybrid between A. macrostachya and the C genome diploid A. ventricosa is similar to that observed in the previously reported hybrid A. eriantha × A. macrostachya. In both these hybrids, the frequency of trivalents is greater than that observed in hybrids involving the A genome species and A. macrostachya, which is indicative of closer homology of A. macrostachya to the C genome diploids than the A genome diploids.Key words: Avena, hybrids, interspecific chromosome pairing, phylogeny.

Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Avena species

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fominaya ◽  
C. Vega ◽  
E. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Intercalary Heterochromatin ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
C Banding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome

Giemsa C-banding was used to identify individual somatic chromosomes in eight diploid species of Avena. Two patterns of heterochromatin distribution were found. The chromosomes of five A genome species (A. strigosa, A. hirtula, A. longiglumis, A. damascena, and A. canariensis) possessed mainly telomeric bands, whereas those from three C genome species (A. clauda, A. pilosa, and A. ventricosa) were characterized by higher chromatin condensation and several intercalary heterochromatin bands. The divergent evolution between the two groups is confirmed after C-banding. The unique C-banding patterns of several chromosomes in each species will be a useful tool for the study of meiotic behaviour in interspecific hybrids among Avena spp.Key words: C-banding, Avena, heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Comparative Functional Studies on Two Diploid Cotton Genomes Reveals Functional Differences of Basic Helix-loop-helix Proteins in Arabidopsis Trichome Initiation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anh Phu Nam Bui ◽  
Vimal Kumar Balasubramanian ◽  
Thuan-Anh Nguyen-Huu ◽  
Tuan-Loc Le ◽  
Hoang Dung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Tetraploid Cotton ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
A Genome

Background: The cultivated tetraploid cotton species (AD genomes) was originated from two ancestral diploid species (A and D genomes). While the ancestral A-genome species produce spinnable fibers, the D- genome species do not. Cotton fibers are unicellular trichomes originating from seed coat epidermal cells, and currently there is an immense interest in understanding the process of fiber initiation and development. Current knowledge demonstrates that there is a great of deal of resemblance in initiation mechanism between by Arabidopsis trichome and cotton fiber. Methodology: In this study, we performed comparative functional studies between A genome and D-genome species in cotton by using Arabidopsis trichome initiation as a model. Four cotton genes TTG3, MYB2, DEL61 and DEL65 were amplified from A-genome and D-genome species, and transformed into their homolog trichomeless mutants Arabidopsis ttg1, gl1, and gl3egl3, respectively. Results: Our data indicated that the transgenic plants expressing TTG3 and MYB2 genes from A-genome and D-genome species complement the ttg1 and gl1 mutants, respectively. We also discovered complete absences of two functional basic helix loop helix (bHLH) proteins (DEL65/DEL61) in D- diploid species and one (DEL65) that is functional in A-genome species, but not from D-genome species. This observation is consistent with the natural phenomenon of spinnable fiber production in A- genome species and absence in D-genome species.

Isolation and identification of Triticeae chromosome 1 receptor-like kinase genes (Lrk10) from diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species of the genus Avena

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W Cheng ◽  
K C Armstrong ◽  
G Drouin ◽  
A McElroy ◽  
G Fedak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Genome Group

The DNA sequence of an extracellular (EXC) domain of an oat (Avena sativa L.) receptor-like kinase (ALrk10) gene was amplified from 23 accessions of 15 Avena species (6 diploid, 6 tetraploid, and 3 hexaploid). Primers were designed from one partial oat ALrk10 clone that had been used to map the gene in hexaploid oat to linkage groups syntenic to Triticeae chromosome 1 and 3. Cluster (phylogenetic) analyses showed that all of the oat DNA sequences amplified with these primers are orthologous to the wheat and barley sequences that are located on chromosome 1 of the Triticeae species. Triticeae chromosome 3 Lrk10 sequences were not amplified using these primers. Cluster analyses provided evidence for multiple copies at a locus. The analysis divided the ALrk EXC sequences into two groups, one of which included AA and AABB genome species and the other CC, AACC, and CCCC genome species. Both groups of sequences were found in hexaploid AACCDD genome species, but not in all accessions. The C genome group was divided into 3 subgroups: (i) the CC diploids and the perennial autotetraploid, Avena macrostachya (this supports other evidence for the presence of the C in this autotetraploid species); (ii) a sequence from Avena maroccana andAvena murphyi and several sequences from different accessions of A.sativa; and (iii) A. murphyi and sequences from A. sativa andAvena sterilis. This suggests a possible polyphyletic origin for A. sativa from the AACC progenitor tetraploids or an origin from a progenitor of the AACC tetraploids. The sequences of the A genome group were not as clearly divided into subgroups. Although a group of sequences from the accession 'SunII' and a sequence from line Pg3, are clearly different from the others, the A genome diploid sequences were interspersed with tetraploid and hexaploid sequences.Key words: phylogeny, genome evolution, speciation, oat.

COLD HARDINESS IN Triticum AND Aegilops SPECIES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
A Genome

A total of 237 Triticum and Aegilops accessions were cold-acclimated and screened for cold hardiness. These included 90 A genome accessions (T. monococcum L. and T. beoticum Boiss.), 26 AG genome accessions of T. timopheevi (Zhuk.) Zhuk., 44 D genome accessions of Ae. squarrosa L., and 77 accessions made from 22 Aegilops species. The greatest degree of cold hardiness was found in the polyploid Aegilops species; particularly Ae. cylindrica Host (CD genome). One Ae. cylindrica accession was equal to the hardy winter wheat cultivar Norstar (T. aestivum L., ABD genome). Triticum timopheevi accessions possessed only poor levels of cold hardiness. Two of the diploid progenitor species of common wheat, T. monococcum and Ae. squarrosa, had poor to intermediate levels of cold hardiness. The D genome species was, on average, more hardy than the A genome species. Several polyploids have achieved a level of cold hardiness greater than that found in any of the diploid species. It is speculated that these hardiness levels have been achieved, in part, by the chance incorporation of hardy diploids in the original hybridization. However, the evolution of new genie forms or an integrated genetic system between the genomes of the polyploid was probably equally important to the development of highly cold hardy types. The utility of related species for the improvement of cold hardiness in common wheat is discussed.Key words: Triticum, Aegilops, cold hardiness, winter wheat, interspecific hybridization

Chromosomal organization of a sequence related to LTR-like elements of Ty1-copia retrotransposons in Avena species

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Linares ◽  
Antonio Serna ◽  
Araceli Fominaya
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Chromosomal Organization ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Slot Blot Analysis ◽  
Copia Retrotransposons

A repetitive sequence, pAs17, was isolated from Avena strigosa (As genome) and characterized. The insert was 646 bp in length and showed 54% AT content. Databank searches revealed its high homology to the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of the specific family of Ty1-copia retrotransposons represented by WIS2-1A and Bare. It was also found to be 70% identical to the LTR domain of the WIS2-1A retroelement of wheat and 67% identical to the Bare-1 retroelement of barley. Southern hybridizations of pAs17 to diploid (A or C genomes), tetraploid (AC genomes), and hexaploid (ACD genomes) oat species revealed that it was absent in the C diploid species. Slot-blot analysis suggested that both diploid and tetraploid oat species contained 1.3 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of the A-genome chromosomes. The hexaploid species contained 2.4 × 104 copies, indicating that they are a component of both A- and D-genome chromosomes. This was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses using pAs17, two ribosomal sequences, and a C-genome specific sequence as probes. Further, the chromosomes involved in three C-A and three C-D intergenomic translocations in Avena murphyi (AC genomes) and Avena sativa cv. Extra Klock (ACD genomes), respectively, were identified. Based on its physical distribution and Southern hybridization patterns, a parental retrotransposon represented by pAs17 appears to have been active at least once during the evolution of the A genome in species of the Avena genus.Key words: chromosomal organization, in situ hybridization, intergenomic translocations, LTR sequence, oats.

scholarly journals A Microsatellite Map of Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion S Röder ◽  
Victor Korzun ◽  
Katja Wendehake ◽  
Jens Plaschke ◽  
Marie-Hélène Tixier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Microsatellite Map ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Primer Sets

Abstract Hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the world's most important crop plants and displays a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism. We report the development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers using procedures optimized for the large wheat genome. The isolation of microsatellite-containing clones from hypomethylated regions of the wheat genome increased the proportion of useful markers almost twofold. The majority (80%) of primer sets developed are genome-specific and detect only a single locus in one of the three genomes of bread wheat (A, B, or D). Only 20% of the markers detect more than one locus. A total of 279 loci amplified by 230 primer sets were placed onto a genetic framework map composed of RFLPs previously mapped in the reference population of the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) Opata 85 × W7984. Sixty-five microsatellites were mapped at a LOD >2.5, and 214 microsatellites were assigned to the most likely intervals. Ninety-three loci were mapped to the A genome, 115 to the B genome, and 71 to the D genome. The markers are randomly distributed along the linkage map, with clustering in several centromeric regions.

Determination of subfreezing temperature and gel retrogradation characteristics of potato starch gel

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112037
Author(s):  
Jikai Jiang ◽  
Haiyan Gao ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Starch Gel
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