scholarly journals INDUCTION OF GENE POOL DIFFERENTIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alahiotis ◽  
M. Pelecanos
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Ecological Parameter ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
Large Groups

The selective effect of the ecological parameter "food medium" upon the gene pool of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated in nine cage populations by estimating the allozyme frequencies of the a-Gpdh and Adh loci. The differentiation observed was found to depend dramatically upon the action of the above mentioned environmental factor. Small differences may be mainly attributed to the effect of the differing genetic backgrounds of each gene pool. When the environment was restrictive, a dramatic gene pool differentiation was observed. A discussion is provided bearing upon the observed induction of a process which involves large groups of coadapted genes upon which selection actually acts. Furthermore, the role of nutrition, and especially yeast, was found to have a profound effect upon the observed genetic differentiation of the gene pool of D. melanogaster.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION AND THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETER "FOOD MEDIUM" IN CAGE POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alahiotis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Ecological Factor ◽  
Common Gene ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Ecological Parameter ◽  
Food Medium

Impressive effects of the ecological factor "food medium" upon the frequencies of the lethal-bearing second chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster were found in cage populations originated from a common gene pool. Allozyme frequencies for two second enzyme loci were also determined. The lethal frequencies found were higher when the environment was restrictive than when it was favorable. Moreover, the lethal frequencies were higher in populations of smaller size than in those of greater. The role of the lethal genetic variants in the structure of populations is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Artur Gurgul ◽  
Igor Jasielczuk ◽  
Ewelina Semik-Gurgul ◽  
Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko ◽  
Tomasz Szmatoła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Conservation Breeding

The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.

scholarly journals A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alahiotis ◽  
M. Pelecanos ◽  
A. Zacharopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Food Medium

Linkage disequilibrium was detected in 12 out of 30 cases involving gene alleles and inversions in three cage populations and in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster from Greece. The cage populations possessed practically the same gene pool at their origin and were maintained simultaneously under the effects of the ecological factors "food medium" and "humidity". It is discussed that the correlation of the same direction found between the frequencies of nonallelic elements of Adh locus and In(2L)22D-34A or In(2R)52A-56F in such different populations as American, Japanese (Mukai et al., 1971, 1974; Langley et al., 1974) and Greek, as well as cage populations under different environmental conditions, could be attributed to the effect of epistatic selection. Moreover, it seems that the In(2L)22D-34A has a tendency to interact genetically with the α-Gpdh locus, particularly when the populations are maintained under crowding conditions. However, further data are needed to assess whether other cases of the observed nonrandom associations can be better explained as transient associations generated by random drift, or as the result of epistatic selection.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ALLELE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF GENES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER THAT ARE INVOLVED IN IMAGINAL DISC DEVELOPMENT

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Shearn ◽  
Grafton Hersperger ◽  
Evelyn Hersperger ◽  
Ellen Steward Pentz ◽  
Paul Denker
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Reference Allele ◽  
Multiple Allele ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chromosome Mutations ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT The phenotypes of five different lethal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster that have small imaginal discs were analyzed in detail. From these results, we inferred whether or not the observed imaginal disc phenotype resulted exclusively from a primary imaginal disc defect in each mutant. To examine the validity of these inferences, we employed a multiple-allele method. Lethal alleles of the five third-chromosome mutations were identified by screening EMS-treated chromosomes for those which fail to complement with a chromosome containing all five reference mutations. Twenty-four mutants were isolated from 13,197 treated chromosomes. Each of the 24 was then tested for complementation with each of the five reference mutants. There was no significant difference in the mutation frequencies at these five loci. The stage of lethality and the imaginal disc morphology of each mutant allele were compared to those of its reference allele in order to examine the range of defects to be found among lethal alleles of each locus. In addition, hybrids of the alleles were examined for intracistronic complementation. For two of the five loci, we detected no significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. We infer that each of the mutant alleles at these two loci cause expression of the null activity phenotype. However, for the three other loci, we did detect significant phenotypic variation among lethal alleles. In fact, one of the mutant alleles at each of these three loci causes no detectable imaginal disc defect. This demonstrates that attempting to assess the developmental role of a gene by studying a single mutant allele may lead to erroneous conclusions. As a byproduct of the mutagenesis procedure, we have isolated two dominant, cold-sensitive mutants.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Player: Components of NF-κB Pathway as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7429
Author(s):  
Matthew Martin ◽  
Mengyao Sun ◽  
Aishat Motolani ◽  
Tao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Diagnostic Screening ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Made In

Over the last several decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most prevalent cancers. While significant progress has been made in both diagnostic screening and therapeutic approaches, a large knowledge gap still remains regarding the early identification and treatment of CRC. Specifically, identification of CRC biomarkers that can help with the creation of targeted therapies as well as increasing the ability for clinicians to predict the biological response of a patient to therapeutics, is of particular importance. This review provides an overview of CRC and its progression stages, as well as the basic types of CRC biomarkers. We then lay out the synopsis of signaling pathways related to CRC, and further highlight the pivotal and multifaceted role of nuclear factor (NF) κB signaling in CRC. Particularly, we bring forth knowledge regarding the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC, and its complex interaction with cancer cells. We also provide examples of NF-κB signaling-related CRC biomarkers, and ongoing efforts made at targeting NF-κB signaling in CRC treatment. We conclude and anticipate that with more emerging novel regulators of the NF-κB pathway being discovered, together with their in-depth characterization and the integration of large groups of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, the day of successful development of more ideal NF-κB inhibitors is fast approaching.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTANT POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256
Author(s):  
Rama S Singh ◽  
Donal A Hickey ◽  
Jean David
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Significant Genetic Differentiation ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Clines ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT We have studied allozyme variation at 26 gene loci in nine populations of Drosophila melanogaster originating on five different continents. The distant populations show significant genetic differentiation. However, only half of the loci studied have contributed to this differentiation; the other half show identical patterns in all populations. The genetic differentiation in North American, European and African populations is correlated with the major climatic differences between north and south. These differences arise mainly from seven loci that show gene-frequency patterns suggestive of latitudinal clines in allele frequencies. The clinal variation is such that subtropical populations are more heterozygous than temperate populations. These results are discussed in relation to the selectionist and neutralist hypotheses of genetic variation in natural populations.

scholarly journals Dual roles for the Drosophila PI 4-kinase Four wheel drive in localizing Rab11 during cytokinesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Polevoy ◽  
Ho-Chun Wei ◽  
Raymond Wong ◽  
Zsofia Szentpetery ◽  
Yeun Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Recycling Endosome ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Successful completion of cytokinesis relies on addition of new membrane, and requires the recycling endosome regulator Rab11, which localizes to the midzone. Despite the critical role of Rab11 in this process, little is known about the formation and composition of Rab11-containing organelles. Here, we identify the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-kinase III β Four wheel drive (Fwd) as a key regulator of Rab11 during cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes. We show Fwd is required for synthesis of PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) on Golgi membranes and for formation of PI4P-containing secretory organelles that localize to the midzone. Fwd binds and colocalizes with Rab11 on Golgi membranes, and is required for localization of Rab11 in dividing cells. A kinase-dead version of Fwd also binds Rab11 and partially restores cytokinesis to fwd mutant flies. Moreover, activated Rab11 partially suppresses loss of fwd. Our data suggest Fwd plays catalytic and noncatalytic roles in regulating Rab11 during cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Role of the Deubiquitylating Enzyme DmUsp5 in Coupling Ubiquitin Equilibrium to Development and Apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0120875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Olga Nagy ◽  
Margit Pál ◽  
Andor Udvardy ◽  
Octavian Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster
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