THE EFFECT OF MITOMYCIN ON THE FERTILITY AND THE INDUCTION OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS IN MICE AND THEIR FIRST GENERATION PROGENY

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Savković ◽  
S. Green ◽  
J. Pečevski ◽  
N. Marić
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Heterozygous Translocation

The dose dependent effects of chronic application of Mitomycin C(MC) on the induction of chromosomal translocations in treated animals and F1 males and on their fertility have been examined. The C3H strain mice used in the present experiments were treated with MC during eight successive weeks in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg of body weight. 75 males were treated (25 males per dose and 25 males as controls). Immediately after the chronic treatment they were mated with normal females and were tested for their reproductive performance. The fertility of males was estimated from the number of pregnant females after one week of being together. After that all males were sacrificed and prepared for cytological analysis. No chromosomal translocations were found in diakinesis-metaphase I of meiosis. Data from the study of fertility showed that all treated males were fertile, but all females were not pregnant. The testes of all sterile, semisterile and fertile F1 males showed that F1 males could not be identified as heterozygous translocation carriers.

scholarly journals Maternal GHRH plasmid administration changes pituitary cell lineage and improves progeny growth of pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. E224-E231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir S. Khan ◽  
Marta L. Fiorotto ◽  
Kathleen K. Cummings ◽  
Melissa A. Pope ◽  
Patricia A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Pituitary Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Developmental Physiology ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
Dose Dependent

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that administration of a myogenic plasmid that encodes a protease-resistant growth hormone-releasing hormone (HV-GHRH) to pregnant rat dams augmented long-term growth in first-generation progeny. In the present study, gilts were injected intra-muscularly at day 85 of gestation with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg of the HV-GHRH-expressing plasmid and were then electroporated. Piglets were weighed and bled periodically from birth to 100 kg. Piglets from gilts treated with 1 and 5 mg of HV-GHRH plasmid were larger at birth and weaning compared with controls. These two groups reached 100 kg 9 days earlier than the other groups. GHRH levels were increased at birth in piglets from treated gilts. IGF-I levels were significantly increased in the 5-mg group beginning at 21 days of age compared with controls. Pituitaries from the 5-mg group contained a significantly increased number of somatotrophs and lactotrophs from birth to 100 kg. This study confirms that enhanced maternal GHRH production results in intergenerational growth augmentation and that the magnitude of the response is dose dependent. The similarity of the response across species suggests that the effect is likely exerted as a fundamental component of gestational and developmental physiology.

Inbreeding effects among inbred and outbred laboratory colonies of Peromyscus maniculatus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 820-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Ribble ◽  
John S. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
And Control

We examined the effects of sibling matings upon reproductive performance among inbred and outbred laboratory colonies of Peromyscus maniculatus. The inbred colony was founded by 12 females collected from one locality in Alberta and bred for 20 generations, with 35–45 pairs each generation. The outbred colony consisted of first-generation mice born of wild-caught females from diverse areas in Alberta. Consistent with theoretical expectations, there were no differences in reproductive performance between sibling and control (outbred) pairs within the inbred colony of mice. In contrast, sibling pairs had significantly fewer young per litter than control pairs within the outbred colony. Reproductive performance measures (proportion breeding, days from pairing to first litter, number of litters, and total number of offspring produced) were also significantly lower among sibling pairs from the outbred colony than among sibling pairs from the inbred colony. Lastly, we predicted that reproductive performance of the control pairs from the outbred colony would be less than that of control pairs from the inbred colony, due to outbreeding depression. Contrary to our predictions, average litter survival rates were greatest among the outbred colony control pairs. We suggest that the benefits of inbreeding or outbreeding extend broadly across the inbreeding–outbreeding continuum in natural populations of northern Peromyscus.

Urethane-induced lung adenomas in the first-generation progeny of irradiated male mice

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Vorobtsova ◽  
E.M. Kitaev
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Generation Progeny

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of the Antarctic tardigrades, Acutuncus antarcticus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae), revived after being frozen for over 30 years and of their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-847
Author(s):  
Megumu Tsujimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Kagoshima ◽  
Hiroshi Kanda ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
Satoshi Imura
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Generation Offspring

Abstract Studies on the long-term survival of animals often focus on the specific instance of survival of animals only, and descriptions of subsequent reproduction are generally not reported. In this study, we recorded the reproductive performance of the first-generation offspring of the resuscitated individual (SB-1) and the hatchling of the resuscitated egg (SB-3) of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, after being frozen for 30.5 years. By providing further detailed description of the reproduction of SB-1 and SB-3 after revival, and then comparing the reproductive performance with that of their first-generation offspring, the possible indications of the damage accrued during the long-term preservation in SB-1 and SB-3 were more specifically detected. Additionally, the DNA analysis revealed two distinctively different mitochondrial genetic sequences of A. antarcticus between the SB strains and the LSW strain. The observed differences in some of the reproductive parameters between the two genetic types suggested a possible relationship between the life-history traits and genetic type in the species A. antarcticus. Further experiments using the SB-1 and SB-3 strains reared for a long period to exclude the instant effect of preservation are expected to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the long-term survival of animals.

Heritability of Glyphosate Resistance in Indiana Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Populations

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Steven G. Hallett ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
High Level

Horseweed has rapidly become a major weed in soybean and cotton production fields of the United States, and Indiana farmers ranked horseweed as one of the five worst weeds in their fields during a mail survey in 2003. Glyphosate resistance in horseweed is conferred by a single, incompletely dominant gene. Horseweed populations possess a high level of variability in their response to glyphosate. Horseweed has also evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and biotypes resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate are in many of the same areas. An experiment was designed to determine whether glyphosate resistance can be transferred by pollen. We found glyphosate-resistant plants in 1.1 to 3.8% of the progeny. Segregation ratios fit the expected 3 : 1 resistant : sensitive ratios confirming that glyphosate resistance in horseweed can transfer to closely located glyphosate-susceptible biotypes under open-pollinated conditions at low frequencies. The hypothesis of a follow-up experiment was that first-generation progeny of parent plants, selected on a continuum of low to high phenotypic response to glyphosate, will inherit respective low to high phenotypic responses to glyphosate. The variability in field-collected populations (low-level to high-level glyphosate resistance) ranged from 2 to 14 times the commonly recommended field use rate of glyphosate. However, low- and high-levels of glyphosate resistance were not observed in first-generation progeny. We conclude that differential glyphosate responses observed among parental populations was due to different frequencies of the resistance allele within the populations, rather than the presence of different resistance alleles.

scholarly journals The effects of inbreeding on the components of litter size in mice

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Size At Birth

Twenty-four lines were bred from a base population of outbred Q mice by continued full-sib mating. Inbreeding depression in litter size at birth was observed. This decline in litter size was analysed in terms of ovulation rate, the incidence of preimplantation mortality and the incidence of postimplantation mortality. Pregnant females were dissected at 17½ days' gestation and the numbers of corpora lutea, or eggs, and of live and dead embryos were counted. Matings were arranged so that separate estimates of the effects of inbreeding in the mother and in the litter on the components of litter size could be obtained.In the first generation of inbreeding when the inbreeding coefficient of the litter was raised from 0 to 25% decline in litter size was attributable to an increased incidence of preimplantation mortality.In the second and fourth generations decline in litter size was attributable to (1) a reduction in the number of eggs ovulated by the inbred mothers, (2) an increased incidence of preimplantation mortality which resulted from inbreeding in the mother. No evidence of significant effects on mortality of inbreeding in the litter was obtained in the later generation of inbreeding.These findings are discussed in the context of previous work on the effects of inbreeding and crossing on litter size and its components in mice and pigs.

THE EFFECTS OF CYSTEAMINE AND AET Cl HCl ON THE INDUCTION OF MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME REARRANGEMENTS IN IRRADIATED MALE MICE

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Savkovic ◽  
J. Pecevski
Keyword(s):  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Chemical Agents

Two established chemical protective agents, β-mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine) and β-aminoethylisothiuronium (AET) Cl HCl were tested for their ability to induce chromosome translocations in totally irradiated mice with 600 R. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cysteamine and AET Cl HCl themselves induce reciprocal translocations and whether these chemical agents have an equally protective effect against X-ray-induced chromosomal translocations in the first meiotic metaphase. The incidence of translocations after whole-body irradiation with a 600 R was 9.07% in animals protected with cysteamine and irradiated; 3.68%; and in those protected with AET Cl HCl and irradiated with the same dose, 5.45%. Not a single chromosome rearrangement was recorded among the animals treated with cysteamine and AET without irradiation.

scholarly journals The XO and OY chromosome constitutions in the mouse

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Mean

A study was made of reproductive performance and embryonic mortality in XO and XX females. In the stock used, the mean litter size of XO females (4·46) was greatly below that of XX ones (8·17). One series of pregnant females of both karyotypes was dissected after 15 days' gestation, and another series after 3½days' gestation. In the former, there was a significantly greater amount of embryonic mortality in XO females both before implantation and at the small and large mole stages. By far the greater amount occurred before implantation. The data from dissections after 3½ days' gestation concerned pre-implantation embryos, since normal embryos at this point are at the late morula or early blastocyst stage. The embryos from XO females contained a large group of obviously and characteristically abnormal ones; they comprised 60/280 of the embryos from XO females, compared with 4/189 of the XX ones. They appeared to have developed abnormally from a very early stage, probably the two-cell stage, and were considered to represent the missing OY class of zygotes. In addition, it was concluded that there was probably an abnormally low segregation of nullo-X gametes from XO females.

scholarly journals Rate of NO scavenging alters effects of recombinant hemoglobin solutions on pulmonary vasoreactivity

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Resta ◽  
Benjimen R. Walker ◽  
Mark R. Eichinger ◽  
Michael P. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Microvascular Permeability ◽  
Human Hemoglobin ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilation ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamic ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

Many hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) produce systemic and pulmonary hypertension and may increase microvascular permeability as a consequence of nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. In this study, we examined the effects of two recombinant human hemoglobin solutions, rHb1.1 and rHb2.0 for injection (rHb2.0), with different rates of NO scavenging on vasoconstrictor reactivity and vascular permeability in isolated, saline-perfused rat lungs. We hypothesized that rHb1.1, a first-generation HBOC with an NO scavenging rate similar to that of native human hemoglobin, would exacerbate pulmonary vasoconstriction and permeability and that rHb2.0, a second-generation HBOC with an NO scavenging rate ∼20- to 30-fold lower than that of rHb1.1, would minimally influence these responses. Consistent with this hypothesis, rHb1.1 enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity to both hypoxia and thromboxane mimetic U-46619 in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, rHb2.0 produced little or no change in reactivity to these stimuli. Furthermore, whereas rHb1.1 abrogated pulmonary vasodilation to the NO-donor S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), dose-dependent responses to SNAP were preserved, albeit attenuated, in lungs treated with rHb2.0. Finally, the capillary filtration coefficient was unaltered by either rHb1.1 or rHb2.0. We conclude that pulmonary hemodynamic responses to rHb2.0 are greatly reduced compared with those observed with rHb1.1, consistent with rHb2.0 having a diminished capacity to scavenge NO. In addition, neither hemoglobin solution measurably altered microvascular permeability in this preparation.

scholarly journals Tolerance to the Herbicide Glufosinate in Transgenic Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and Enhancement of Tolerance in Progeny

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Zeldin ◽  
Thomas P. Jury ◽  
Rodney A. Serres ◽  
Brent H. McCown
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Generation Progeny ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Stable Transmission ◽  
Growing Shoot

The American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) was genetically transformed with the bar gene, conferring tolerance to the phosphinothricin-based herbicide glufosinate. Plants of one `Pilgrim' transclone grown under greenhouse conditions were significantly injured by foliar treatments of 100 mg·L-1 glufosinate, although the injury was less severe when compared to untransformed plants. However, the same transclone grown outdoors in coldframes survived foliar sprays of 500 mg·L-1 glufosinate and higher, while untransformed plants were killed at 300 mg·L-1. Actively growing shoot tips were the most sensitive part of the plants and at higher dosages of glufosinate, shoot-tip injury was evident on the transclone. Injured transgenic plants quickly regrew new shoots. Shoots of goldenrod (Solidago sp.) and creeping sedge (Carex chordorrhizia), two weeds common to cranberry production areas, were seriously injured or killed at 400 mg·L-1 glufosinate when grown in either the greenhouse or coldframe environment. Stable transmission and expression of herbicide tolerance was observed in both inbred and outcrossed progeny of the above cranberry transclone. Expected segregation ratios were observed in the outcrossed progeny and some outcrossed individuals demonstrated significantly enhanced tolerance over the original transclone, with no tip death at levels up to 8000 mg·L-1. Southern analysis of the original transclone and two progeny selections with enhanced tolerance showed an identical banding pattern, indicating that the difference in tolerance levels was not due to rearrangement of the transgene. The enhanced tolerance of these first generation progeny was retained when second generation selfed progeny were tested.

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