CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN CHILOCORUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE). I. FLUORESCENT AND GIEMSA BANDING PATTERNS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Pericentric Heterochromatin ◽  
Giemsa Banding ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Karyotype Stability

Chromosomes of six species of Chilocorus have been examined for their reaction to Quinacrine (Q), and to Giemsa (G) after a variety of 'Denaturation-Renaturation' schedules and digestion with trypsin. Four types of chromatin can be distinguished with these techniques: 1, moderately stained with both Q and G; 2, brightly stained with Q and darkly stained with G; 3, unstained with Q but darkly stained with G; 4, unstained with Q but moderately stained with G. The last three of these types are restricted in chromosomally monomorphic species to the pericentric heterochromatin, but are variably distributed in the heterochromatic arms of C. stigma. Euchromatin per se does not react differentially. The relationship between karyotype stability and uniformity of banding patterns is discussed.

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE IN CHILOCORUS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE). II. THE ASYNCHRONOUS REPLICATION OF CONSTITUTIVE HETEROCHROMATIN

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Late Replication ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Asynchronous Replication ◽  
Chilocorus Stigma

Chromosome replication has been analysed in four species of Chilocorus. In C. orbus Csy., C. tricyclus Smith, and C. hexacyclus Smith, centric regions of all chromosomes are last to replicate, preceded in order by heterochromatic arms and euchromatic arms. In C. stigma Say, very late replication of centric regions can be detected only in otherwise wholly euchromatic chromosomes (= monophasics); in chromosomes with one arm heterochromatic (= diphasics), these arms are last to replicate. Based on pachytene bivalent morphology and chromosome banding patterns, and supported by autoradiographic data, models are presented for the general organisation of Chilocorus chromosomes. All chromosomes in the first three species are subdivided into euchromatic arm, centric heterochromatin, and either a second euchromatic arm (monophasics) or a heterochromatic arm (diphasics). Chilocorus stigma diphasics apparently lack distinct centric organisation, and are therefore divided into euchromatic and heterochromatic arms only.

The relationship among freezing tolerance, vernalization requirement, Ppd alleles and winter hardiness in European wheat cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 1353-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. GORASH ◽  
R. ARMONIENĖ ◽  
Ž. LIATUKAS ◽  
G. BRAZAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYWinter hardiness of wheat is a complex trait involving a system of structural, regulatory and developmental genes, which interact in a complex pathway. The objective of the present work was to study the relationship among the main traits determining the level of adaptation and the possibility for target manipulation of breeding material by using molecular markers and phenological parameters. Wheat cultivars from different ecoclimatic environments of Europe were included for analysis. Gene-specific assay showed that photoperiod sensitivity of the studied cultivars was determined by polymorphism in the Ppd-D1 allele. The study established the relationship among winter hardiness, LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of plants are killed), photoperiod sensitivity, vernalization duration and earliness per se genes in the environment of Lithuania. The cultivars from Northern and Western Europe exhibited stronger requirement for vernalization and photoperiod. Although the group of cultivars from the southern latitudes were characterized by earliness, they possessed a stronger level of LT50. The level of LT50 was found to be the most crucial component of winter hardiness, the other traits served as supplementary components.

Food Drive and Satiety in Yellow Mice

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Hollifield ◽  
William Parson
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Gene ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Fasting And Refeeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Reduced Activity

Spontaneous running activity during ad libitum feeding, fasting and refeeding was studied in inbred yellow mice. These studies suggest that the yellow gene per se is not associated with reduced activity and that inbred yellow mice have intact hypothalamic feeding centers. The relationship of these findings to obesity in yellow mice is discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Yu Hwang ◽  
Chung-Yu Chang ◽  
Lin-Li Chang ◽  
Shui-Feng Chang ◽  
Ya-Hui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
The Relationship

Sixty-three rifampicin-resistant (Rifr) isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Kaohsiung, Taiwan, were analysed for mutations in the core region (69 bp, codons 511–533) of the rpoB gene. Some 84.1 % (53/63) of the resistant isolates showed mutations in this region, especially in codons 531 (41.5 %), 526 (18.9 %), 516 (15.1 %) and 533 (7.5 %). Five novel alleles of a total of 16 different types of mutations were identified in Rifr isolates. Ten Rifr isolates (15.9 %) exhibited no mutations in the core region of rpoB. Also, they did not show mutations in another 365 bp fragment (codons 99–220) of rpoB. The agar proportion method was used to determine the relationship between the degree of rifampicin resistance and alterations in the core region of rpoB. The results revealed that the mean MIC was 92.38 μg ml−1 for the 53 isolates with a mutation in the core region, whereas the mean MIC of the other 10 isolates without mutations was only 24.8 μg ml−1. This indicates that the isolates with mutations in the core region had higher levels of resistance than those without mutations in this region. IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for typing of 55 Rifr M. tuberculosis isolates. Isolates contained two to 19 copies of IS6110, with sizes ranging from 600 to 16 000 bp. The majority (85 %) contained six to 16 copies. No strains lacking IS6110 were found. A total of 54 of 55 RFLP types were defined at the 90 % similarity level. The observation of varied IS6110-associated banding patterns indicates that an outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis did not occur in this area.

Implications of the Argument

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale C. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter summarizes the theoretical and practical implications of the trade expectations theory, including the relevance of its logic for the future of US–Chinese relations. It then considers the implications of this approach for international relations theory, focusing on its broader importance for thinking about liberal and realist theories that are not focused on economic interdependence per se. The chapter then turns to an examination of the contemporary US–China relationship. It contends that China's growing dependence on external raw materials and markets along with its expectations for the future are critical to predicting the likely shape of the relationship over the next two or three decades.

The Right of Philosophy and the Facts of History: Foucault, Derrida, Descartes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rockhill
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter proposes a counter-history of a seminal debate in the transition from structuralism to post-structuralism. It calls into question the widespread assumption that Derrida rejects Foucault’s structuralist stranglehold by demonstrating that the meaning of a text always remains open. Through a meticulous examination of their respective historical paradigms, methodological orientations and hermeneutic parameters, it argues that Derrida’s critique of his former professor is, at the level of theoretical practice, a call to return to order. The ultimate conclusion is that the Foucault-Derrida debate has much less to do with Descartes’ text per se, than with the relationship between the traditional tasks of philosophy and the meta-theoretical reconfiguration of philosophic practice via the methods of the social sciences.

Internet Gambling Addiction

2012 ◽  
pp. 735-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria J. Kuss ◽  
Mark Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Internet Gambling ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Relationship

As the Internet offers a new venue for gambling, the risks for engaging in pathological behaviors are potentially increased. In light of this, a systematic literature review was conducted in order to shed further light on the relationship between gambling on the Internet and possible addiction by assessing Internet gambling in general and addictive gambling on the Internet specifically. Based on previous research, it is argued that a combination of individual, situational, and structural characteristics determine whether and to what extent individuals engage in Internet gambling. The results suggest that there are more problem gamblers on the Internet than in land-based venues. A reason for this may be the structural characteristics of the Internet inherent to this technology, namely availability, ease of access, anonymity, and convenience. In conclusion, however, the Internet cannot be claimed to be addictive per sé, but rather to facilitate the engagement in addictive behaviors, including gambling.

Beauty and Its Problems: Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Aistė Čelkytė
Keyword(s):  
European History ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Concept Of Beauty ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Values

This chapter discusses various philosophical problems that form a relevant background for studying Stoic aesthetics. It starts with W. Tatarkiewicz’s claim that the Stoic concept of beauty is one of three distinct ways of understanding beauty in European history. Second, Paul Oskar Kristeller’s famous claim that there was no aesthetics per se until the 18th century is discussed, arguing that some of the issues that preoccupied the Stoics are also dealt with by contemporary aesthetics as well. This is followed by a discussion of some general philosophical issues concerning beauty, especially focusing on topics of the relationship between moral and aesthetic values and the possibility of metaphysical unity of all the manifestations of beauty. The chapter concludes with an explanation of the scope of this study and detailed summaries of chapter content.

scholarly journals On strict sub-Gaussianity, optimal proxy variance and symmetry for bounded random variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Julyan Arbel ◽  
Olivier Marchal ◽  
Hien D. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bounded Support ◽  
Uniform Distributions ◽  
Standard Variance ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

We investigate the sub-Gaussian property for almost surely bounded random variables. If sub-Gaussianity per se is de facto ensured by the bounded support of said random variables, then exciting research avenues remain open. Among these questions is how to characterize the optimal sub-Gaussian proxy variance? Another question is how to characterize strict sub-Gaussianity, defined by a proxy variance equal to the (standard) variance? We address the questions in proposing conditions based on the study of functions variations. A particular focus is given to the relationship between strict sub-Gaussianity and symmetry of the distribution. In particular, we demonstrate that symmetry is neither sufficient nor necessary for strict sub-Gaussianity. In contrast, simple necessary conditions on the one hand, and simple sufficient conditions on the other hand, for strict sub-Gaussianity are provided. These results are illustrated via various applications to a number of bounded random variables, including Bernoulli, beta, binomial, Kumaraswamy, triangular, and uniform distributions.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRUS AND HOST CELL

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
R. C. French ◽  
S. M. Lesley ◽  
A. F. Graham ◽  
C. E. van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Breakdown Mechanism ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Per Se ◽  
T7 Phage ◽  
The Relationship

Infection of E. coli with T2r, T4r+, T4r, T5, T6r+, or T6r phages induces the formation of a mechanism which extensively degrades P32 labelled T2r+ phage adsorbed to the cell shortly afterwards, about 50% of the P32 being converted to a form soluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid. Each of the above viruses is as effi cient in this respect as a preliminary infection with T2r+ phage itself. Previous infection of the cells with Tl, T3, or T7 phages does not stimulate this mechanism to break down labelled T2r+ virus. When Tl, T3, or T7 phage, then T2r+ phage, and finally P32 labelled T2r+ phage were added to cells, with an interval of several minutes between each addition, the results indicated that adsorption of T2r+ to the cell was not sufficient per se to stimulate the breakdown of labelled phage. Apparently actual infection of the cell by T2r+ virus was required before the breakdown mechanism was induced.

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