DECREASE IN CHROMOSOMAL DNA CONTENT AT HIGHER POLYPLOIDY LEVEL IN VICIA FABA ROOT MERISTEMS

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Deka ◽  
S. K. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Root Meristems ◽  
Chromosomal Dna Content

The DNA content of the nucleus is expected to increase proportionately with the increase of ploidy. Estimation of the DNA content of the endopolyploid root meristem nuclei of Vicia faba has been done through cytophotometry from 2n to 16n level. Observations indicate that a decline in nuclear DNA content takes place at higher ploidy level while the overall karyological integrity of the chromosomes and their number are apparently maintained as normal.

Assessment of the cellular DNA content of whole mounted mouse and human oocytes and of blastomeres containing single or multiple nuclei

Zygote ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Winston ◽  
Martin H. Johnson ◽  
Peter R. Braude
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Cellular Dna

SummaryThe nuclear DNA content of intact, live or fixed, human and mouse oocytes and blastomeres has been measured rapidly and reliably. Chromosomal DNA has been stained with DAPI, the fluorescent emission from which has been measured photocytometrically.In vitrofertilised mouse oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were assessed for their DNA content. The mean values of 1C, 2C and 4C DNA content were clearly different, and it was possible to assign correctly individual values for DNA content to each class with 92%, 61% and 81% confidence respectively. Maintaining the cells as whole mounts allowed other morphological and structural features to be examined. When formation of multiple micronuclei was induced in mouse oocytes by their insemination in the presence of nocodazole, the additive signal from all the micronuclei in one zygote was equivalent to the expected DNA content. Application to early human blastomeres of this photocytometric technique for measurement of the total cellular DNA content revealed that multinucleated blastomeres contained 2C to 4C DNA levels, consistent with a diploid DNA content.

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Key Words Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Dna Amounts

Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 11 Salix species and 5 hybrids. One hundred and sixty nine individuals were studied including 159 individuals from a sequence of 32 communities along a stretch of river in France and 10 individuals from French and English collections for comparison. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. FCM was a significantly more practical and rapid technique than that of establishing the karyotype to survey many samples of Salix for variation in ploidy. The 2C DNA amounts for diploid species ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 pg, and tetraploid values ranged from 1.62 to 1.80 pg. The DNA values were consistent with the known ploidy levels. With the exception of a doubtful Salix xquercifolia, ploidy levels and DNA amounts of hybrids were intermediate compared with those of their parents. Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA values including instrumental variation was low (i.e., 6-11% at the same ploidy level). FCM appeared to be an accurate tool for determination of Salix triploid hybrids. However, it remains limited concerning hybrids from crosses between species of the same ploidy level. Results suggest that natural hybridization might not be frequent in the communities studied, although they have been subject to disturbance. Previous overestimates of hybridization frequency in willows were probably due to misinterpretation of the effects of the environment on Salix spp. morphology; however, the extent and mechanisms of introgression in the genus remain to be further investigated. Key words: flow cytometry, Salix, hybridization, nuclear DNA content, riparian vegetation, disturbance.

B-chromosome and C-band heterochromatin variation in Arizona maize populations adapted to different altitudes

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Porter ◽  
A. Lane Rayburn
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Dna Content Variation ◽  
Band Number

The B-chromosome and C-band numbers were determined in 12 Arizona Indian maize populations. These populations were originally collected from altitudes ranging from 100 to 5300 ft (1 ft = 0.3048 m). In addition, the total nuclear DNA amounts of these populations have been observed to vary by as much as 20%. The number of B-chromosomes was not significantly correlated with altitude, C-band number, or nuclear DNA amount. C-band number was significantly correlated with both altitude and genome size. It does not appear that the amount of C-band variation can account for the large nuclear DNA variation observed in these accessions. Additional A-chromosomal DNA sequences may be involved in the nuclear DNA content variation that exists among these accessions.Key words: heterochromatin, DNA content, evolution, repeated DNA.

scholarly journals Chromosome Number, Ploidy Level, and Nuclear DNA Content in 23 Species of Echeveria (Crassulaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Palomino ◽  
Javier Martínez-Ramón ◽  
Verónica Cepeda-Cornejo ◽  
Miriam Ladd-Otero ◽  
Patricia Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Amounts

Echeveria is a polyploid genus with a wide diversity of species and morphologies. The number of species registered for Echeveria is approximately 170; many of them are native to Mexico. This genus is of special interest in cytogenetic research because it has a variety of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. Additionally, there are no studies concerning nuclear DNA content and the extent of endopolyploidy. This work aims to investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of 23 species of Echeveria collected in 9 states of Mexico, analyzing 2n chromosome numbers, ploidy level, nuclear DNA content, and endopolyploidy levels. Chromosome numbers were obtained from root tips. DNA content was obtained from the leaf parenchyma, which was processed according to the two-step protocol with Otto solutions and propidium iodide as fluorochrome, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. From the 23 species of Echeveria analyzed, 16 species lacked previous reports of 2n chromosome numbers. The 2n chromosome numbers found and analyzed in this research for Echeveria species ranged from 24 to 270. The range of 2C nuclear DNA amounts ranged from 1.26 pg in E. catorce to 7.70 pg in E. roseiflora, while the 1C values were 616 Mbp and 753 Mbp, respectively, for the same species. However, differences in the level of endopolyploidy nuclei were found, corresponding to 4 endocycles (8C, 16C, 32C and 64C) in E. olivacea, E. catorce, E. juarezensis and E. perezcalixii. In contrast, E. longiflora presented 3 endocycles (8C, 16C and 32C) and E. roseiflora presented 2 endocycles (8C and 16C). It has been suggested that polyploidization and diploidization processes, together with the presence of endopolyploidy, allowed Echeveria species to adapt and colonize new adverse environments.

Diversity in nuclear DNA content and ploidy level ofHedychiumspecies and hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
M Nurul Islam-Faridi ◽  
Kanniah Rajasekaran ◽  
Cecil T. Pounders
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

scholarly journals Determining Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Rubus by Flow Cytometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rengong Meng ◽  
Chad Finn
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Nuclear DNA flow cytometry was used to differentiate ploidy level and determine nuclear DNA content in Rubus. Nuclei suspensions were prepared from leaf discs of young leaves following published protocols with modifications. DNA was stained with propidium iodide. Measurement of fluorescence of 40 genotypes, whose published ploidy ranged from diploid to dodecaploid, indicated that fluorescence increased with an increase in chromosome number. Ploidy level accounted for 99% of the variation in fluorescence intensity (r2 = 0.99) and variation among ploidy levels was much higher than within ploidy levels. This protocol was used successfully for genotypes representing eight different Rubus subgenera. Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schldl., a native blackberry species in the Pacific Northwest, which has been reported to have 6x, 8x, 9x, 10x, 11x, and 12x forms, was extensively tested. Genotypes of R. ursinus were predominantly 12x, but 6x, 7x, 8x, 9x, 11x, and 13x forms were found as well. Attempts to confirm the 13x estimates with manual counts were unsuccessful. Ploidy level of 103 genotypes in the USDA-ARS breeding program was determined by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry confirmed that genotypes from crosses among 7x and 4x parents had chromosome numbers that must be the result of nonreduced gametes. This technique was effective in differentiating chromosome numbers differing by 1x, but was not able to differentiate aneuploids. Nuclear DNA contents of 21 diploid Rubus species from five subgenera were determined by flow cytometry. Idaeobatus, Chamaebatus, and Anaplobatus were significantly lower in DNA content than those of Rubus and Cylactis. In the Rubus subgenus, R. hispidus and R. canadensis had the lowest DNA content and R. sanctus had the highest DNA content, 0.59 and 0.75 pg, respectively. Idaeobatus had greater variation in DNA content among diploid species than the Rubus subgenus, with the highest being from R. ellipticus (0.69 pg) and lowest from R. illecebrosus (0.47 pg).

scholarly journals Relation between nuclear DNA content and rate of cell growth during interphase in four species of Angiospermae

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marciniak ◽  
M. Olszewska ◽  
R. J. Osiecka ◽  
J. Białas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

Among four species of <i>Angiospermae</i> with known nuclear DNA content (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> - 2.6 pg, <i>Helianthus annuus</i> - 12.0 pg, <i>Vicia faba</i> — 38.0 pg, and <i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i> - 93.7 pg) the cell growth in the intermitotic period of the cell cycle has been observed to be the fastest in <i>Vicia faba</i>, slower in <i>Helianthus annuus</i> and the slowest in <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> and <i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i>.

Determination of Ploidy Level and Nuclear DNA Content in Tunisian Populations of Atriplex halimus L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheiria Hcini ◽  
David J. Walker ◽  
Sadok Bouzid ◽  
Elena González ◽  
Nora Frayssinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Atriplex Halimus
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