THE DURATION OF MEIOSIS IN A DIPLOID RYE, A TETRAPLOID WHEAT AND THE HEXAPLOID TRITICALE DERIVED FROM THEM

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bennett ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Mother Cells

Meiosis and pollen development were timed in diploid rye, Secale cereale L. cv. Prolific; tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv. Stewart; and a hexaploid, Triticale hexaploide cv. 6A190, derived from them. At 20 C the duration of meiosis was about 51 hr in Prolific rye, 31 hr in Stewart wheat, and 37 hr in 6A190 triticale. Pollen development at 20 C lasted about 16 days in Prolific rye, about 9.5 days in Stewart wheat, and about 10 days in 6A190 triticale. These times are in close agreement with estimates previously made for diploid rye, cv. Petkus Spring; tetraploid Triticum dicoccum; and hexaploid triticale cv. RosnerThe high nuclear DNA content of rye pollen mother cells (PMC's) determines a longer meiotic time in both diploid and tetraploid rye than that determined by the lower nuclear DNA contents of PMC's in diploid and tetraploid wheat. The data available may be interpreted to indicate that the relative effect of the wheat and rye genomes in determining the rate of meiotic development in wheat/rye amphiploids varies according to the ratio of wheat to rye genomes. In diploid and tetraploid rye and in 6A190 triticale the proportion of the total meiotic time taken by zygotene and pachytene together (about 40%) differs from the proportion of meiosis which they take in hexaploid wheat and octoploid triticale (about 25%). This difference may be causally correlated with differences between the meiotic stability of rye chromosomes in wheat/rye amphidiploids at the hexaploid and octoploid levels.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale kernel maturation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic patterns of embryo plus scutellum, endosperm, and internal and external coats of rye (Secale cereale L. and Secale vavilovii Grossh.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel maturation has been carried out. Each kernel part of each species showed a characteristic pattern, and slow pattern changes from the beginning of the study (5 days after pollination) until kernels reached maturity (dry kernels) were observed. The triticale peroxidase patterns were very similar to tetraploid wheat patterns, and only few rye isozymes were clearly observed, probably due to overlapping with wheat isozymes. The possible influence of rye genome on the expression of wheat isozymes in triticale is also discussed.

Influence of parental rye on the development of embryos and endosperm of wheat–rye hybrids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Taira ◽  
T. Lelley ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Meiotic Stability

Seven lines of rye (Secale cereale L.), six inbred (S9) and one open-pollinated, were used as pollen parents in crosses with two tetraploid wheat strains (Triticum turgidum var. durum cvs. 'Jori' and 'Langdon'). The rye lines were of diverse genetic background and exhibited significant differences in meiotic stability as measured by frequencies of chiasmata and univalent formation. The rate and extent of development of the embryo and endosperm tissue of hybrid ovules were not influenced by the level of meiotic stability of the rye parent, but rather by a genetic interaction between a specific rye genotype and wheat. This was indicated by the significant differences obtained in the frequency of normal embryo formation when different rye lines were used as parents in crosses to a common wheat cultivar. The specific effect of the wheat genotype on the mean seedset was shown by the significant differences obtained when different wheat cultivars were crossed with a given set of rye genotypes under the same environmental conditions. The prevailing ambient temperature significantly affected hybrid embryo and endosperm development in vivo.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale germination

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic peroxidase patterns of rye (Secale cereale L.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel germination has been carried out. Endosperm, embryo, coleoptile, and the first leaf have been analyzed. A drastic change in peroxidase patterns was observed during the first hours of germination in all the materials studied. The triticale peroxidase patterns were similar to tetraploid wheat female parent patterns. The chromosomal locations of two leaf peroxidase isozymes of hexaploid wheat 'Chinese Spring' are also reported. These two isozymes, C9 and C10, are associated with chromosome arms 3DS and 7DS, respectively.

COLD HARDINESS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
J. DVORAK ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The excellent cold hardiness of rye (Secale cereale L.) makes it a potential source of genetic variability for the improvement of this character in related species. However, when rye is combined with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to produce octaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, ABDR genomes), the superior rye cold hardiness is not expressed. To determine if the D genome of hexaploid wheat might be responsible for this lack of expression, hexaploid triticales (ABR genomes) were produced and evaluated for cold hardiness. All hexaploid triticales had cold hardiness levels similar to their tetraploid wheat parents. Small gains in cold hardiness of less than 2 °C were found when very non-hardy wheats were used as parents. This similarity in expression of cold hardiness in both octaploid and hexaploid triticales indicates that the D genome of wheat is not solely, if at all, responsible for the suppression of rye cold hardiness genes. There appears to be either a suppressor(s) of the rye cold hardiness genes on the AB genomes of wheat, or the expression of diploid rye genes is reduced to a uniform level by polyploidy in triticale. The suppression, or lack of expression, of rye cold hardiness genes in a wheat background make it imperative that cold-hardy wheats be selected as parents for the production of hardy triticales.Key words: Triticale, Secale, winter wheat, cold hardiness, gene expression

The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley

1973 ◽  
Vol 183 (1072) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Female Meiosis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mother Cells

Few recent investigations have been made of female meiosis in cereals, and almost nothing is known about the duration of female meiosis in higher plants. Consequently, the time and duration of female meiosis in Triticum aestivum , Hordeum vulgare and Secale cereale have been studied. The appearance of the embryo sac mother cell (e. m. c.) and of the meiotic nuclei during female meiosis in Hordeum vulgare is described and illustrated. In the species studied, each floret contains only one ovary with a single e. m. c., and meiosis is almost synchronous in the pollen mother cells from all three anthers. Conse­quently, it is possible to make precise comparisons between the stages of male and female development within individual florets. Data from these comparisons, together with know­ledge previously determined of the duration of male meiosis in these species, allowed the estimation of the time and duration of female meiosis fairly accurately for T. aestivum and H. vulgare and approximately for S. cereale . The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis. Furthermore, on average male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously. In S. cereale however, male meiosis preceeded female meiosis by about 15 h. Growing T. aestivum under environmental stress induced asynchrony between male and female development at meiosis. Synchrony was not re-established after a long period under normal conditions. Nuclear DNA content and ploidy level are known to be important factors determining or affecting the duration of male meiosis. These factors appear to play an important role in controlling the duration of female meiosis also.

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC AND CYTOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON THE MEIOSIS OF HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Thomas ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Paired Chromosome ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Prior Adaptation

Two groups of hexaploid triticale were synthesized from the crosses of two cultivars of diploid rye (Secale cereale L.) with (a): two cultivars of tetraploid macaroni wheat (durum-group of Triticum turgidum L.), and (b): extracted AABB tetraploids of three cultivars of hexaploid bread wheat (T. aestivum L. em. Thell.).The extracted triticales, as a group, showed the greater chromosome regularity in the division of their PMC's. This was attributed to the prior adaptation of the extracted AABB component to the hexaploid meiosis of bread wheat. There was much variation in chromosome behaviour among triticales which had in common the same parental cultivars of wheat and rye. This genetic variability most likely came from the heterogeneity of gametes that were contributed by the two outbred cultivars of rye.AI was delayed in PMC's in which there was a low level of synapsis at MI. This effect was related to the total number of chromosome arms that were paired in each cell (arm pairs), regardless of how many univalents each cell contained. Non-randomness in the distribution of paired chromosome arms suggested that some chromosomes (possibly derived from rye) were less likely to pair than others.The rate at which univalents were formed in cells with a particular number of arm pairs was clearly influenced both by the genotype and by the environment of the triticale in question.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis TSO1 Regulates Directional Processes in Cells During Floral Organogenesis

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard A Hauser ◽  
Jacinto M Villanueva ◽  
Charles S Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Cytoskeletal Function ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Flowers of the previously described Arabidopsis tso1-1 mutant had aberrant, highly reduced organs in place of petals, stamens, and carpels. Cells of tso1-1 flowers had division defects, including failure in cytokinesis, partial cell wall formation, and elevated nuclear DNA content. We describe here two new tso1 alleles (tso1-3 and tso1-4), which caused defects in ovule development, but had little effect on gross floral morphology. Early ovule development occurred normally in tso1-3 and tso1-4, but the shapes and alignments of integument cells became increasingly more disordered as development progressed. tso1-3 ovules usually lacked embryo sacs due to a failure to form megaspore mother cells. The cell division defects described for the strong tso1-1 mutant were rarely observed in tso1-3 ovules. The aberrations in tso1-3 mutants primarily resulted from a failure in directional expansion of cells and/or coordination of this process among adjacent cells. Effects of tso1-3 appeared to be independent of effects of other ovule development mutations, with the exception of leunig, which exhibited a synergistic interaction. The data are consistent with TSO1 acting in processes governing directional movement of cellular components, indicating a likely role for TSO1 in cytoskeletal function.

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap F. Hamming ◽  
Lodewijk J. D. M. Schelfhout ◽  
Cees J. Cornelisse ◽  
Cornelis J. H. van de Velde ◽  
Bernard M. Goslings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer
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