CORRELATED RESPONSE TO NATURAL SELECTION IN LABORATORY POPULATIONS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hani Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Old Adult

Intra- and interpopulation correlations between productivity and period of productivity were significant. One-day-old pupae and one-day-old adult weights were not associated with productivity. The intrapopulation correlation coefficients between productivity and developmental time were found to be significant. However, all of them (except one) were negative. Significant interpopulation relationships were noted when productivity was correlated with 13-day larval weight and with developmental time. Positive and negative correlations were found between productivity-larval weight and productivity-developmental time, respectively. It is concluded that developmental time is the most important factor in controlling productivity in T. castaneum under the constant conditions of the present investigation.

THE RELATION BETWEEN DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS IN THE FLOUR BEETLE TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batia Lavie ◽  
Uzi Ritte
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Successful Colonization

Assuming that dispersal from optimal environments evolved as a colonizing device, it is expected that dispersants will possess reproductive characteristics enhancing the probability of successful colonization. Two approaches were used to clarify the relationship between dispersal behavior and two major components of reproductive fitness (developmental time and fecundity) in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum: (a) comparison between two lines, one selected for low dispersal and the other selected for high dispersal, for several components of reproductive fitness, and (b) calculation of the correlation coefficients between each fitness component investigated and dispersal behavior. The results obtained by both approaches indicate, as expected, shorter developmental time and higher fecundity for dispersants than for nondispersants.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Fortified Wheat Flour on the Biology and Physiology of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S5200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed ◽  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
H.M. Salman Saleem ◽  
Mohammad Shahid ◽  
M. Usman Ghazanfar
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Fortified Flour ◽  
And Control

Iron overload in the fortified flour can influence the life stages and physiology of the insects. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercially available premix iron fortified flour as well as effect of different concentrations of post-mix iron fortified flour (30–5 ppm) on biology of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Hebrst.). Larval and pupal duration, total developmental time, fecundity and larval weights in two consecutive generations of beetle were compared with control treatment. Amylase and protease activities of gut of the beetle were also measured in premix and postmix flours. Results showed that larval mortality increased in two sources of premix iron flour when compared with control. Larval weight was reduced in first generation only. The larval mortality was significantly higher in 30 ppm postmix iron fortified flour than in other postmix concentrations and control treatment. The larvae of T. castaneum fed on two sources of premix and in various concentrations of postmix iron fortified flour revealed an increase in amylases and decrease in protease activities.

scholarly journals Constraint, natural selection, and the evolution of human body form

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (34) ◽  
pp. 9492-9497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. R. Savell ◽  
Benjamin M. Auerbach ◽  
Charles C. Roseman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Directional Selection ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Mean Differences

Variation in body form among human groups is structured by a blend of natural selection driven by local climatic conditions and random genetic drift. However, attempts to test ecogeographic hypotheses have not distinguished between adaptive traits (i.e., those that evolved as a result of selection) and those that evolved as a correlated response to selection on other traits (i.e., nonadaptive traits), complicating our understanding of the relationship between climate and morphological distinctions among populations. Here, we use evolutionary quantitative methods to test if traits previously identified as supporting ecogeographic hypotheses were actually adaptive by estimating the force of selection on individual traits needed to drive among-group differentiation. Our results show that not all associations between trait means and latitude were caused by selection acting directly on each individual trait. Although radial and tibial length and biiliac and femoral head breadth show signs of responses to directional selection matching ecogeographic hypotheses, the femur was subject to little or no directional selection despite having shorter values by latitude. Additionally, in contradiction to ecogeographic hypotheses, the humerus was under directional selection for longer values by latitude. Responses to directional selection in the tibia and radius induced a nonadaptive correlated response in the humerus that overwhelmed its own trait-specific response to selection. This result emphasizes that mean differences between groups are not good indicators of which traits are adaptations in the absence of information about covariation among characteristics.

The evolution of animal senescence

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Antagonistic Pleiotropy ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Laboratory Populations

Senescence, the endogenous deterioration of health at later ages, can be explained in terms of evolution. Senescence is not due to group selection but to the decline with age in the force of natural selection acting on individuals. This decline allows the spread of alleles with deleterious effects on late health. Such alleles do not appear to have effects confined to later ages. Instead, they are favoured by natural selection because of beneficial effects at early ages, in spite of later deleterious effects due to antagonistic pleiotropy. Manipulation of laboratory populations of Drosophila has shown that senescence can be postponed using selection. There are no absolute, universal, physiological causes of senescence. Laboratory populations with genetically postponed senescence can be used to study proximate physiological mechanisms of senescence in animals.

scholarly journals Initial Screening of Sweet Corn Tissues for Allelochemicals that Affect European Corn Borer Larval Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 622c-622
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Warnock ◽  
David W. Davis ◽  
William D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, can severely affect sweet corn quality. Selection techniques in field experiments have improved ear feeding resistance associated with morphological features and/or allelochemicals. A laboratory bioassay was used to detect chemical resistance factors in silk and kernel tissues of 10 variously resistant sweet corn genotypes. When added to a nutritively complete diet, kernel tissue from W182E, MN275, and MN272 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) 10-day larval weight (66.3, 61.7, and 54.5 mg, respectively) while kernel tissue from MG15, MN270, and MN3053 increased (P ≤ 0.05) 10-day larval weight (88.3, 81.5, and 80.8 mg, respectively) compared to a cellulose control (71.0 mg). These weight differences, however, were not significant developmentally as 10-day larval maturation (fourth to fifth instar) and pupation time (13.9 to 16.3 days) were similar to the cellulose control (fifth instar and 14.8 days). Silk tissue additions to the diet decreased (P ≤ 0.05) 10-day larval weight compared to the cellulose control (71.0 mg). Larvae exposed to diet containing silk tissue from MN3053, W182E, and `Apache' were lightest (9.1, 8.3, and 7.8 mg, respectively). The heaviest larvae exposed to silk tissue were from diet including `Jubilee' tissue (54.1 mg). Contrary to the instar levels found on the cellulose control, larvae feeding for 10 days on a diet containing silk tissue mainly were at third or early fourth instar excluding larvae exposed to `Jubilee' silk (fourth to fifth instar). For all genotypes, silk additions to diet increased the pupation time compared to kernel additions. Kernel, and especially silk tissue, may contain chemical resistance factors which decrease larval weight and increase developmental time. Identifying sweet corn genotypes with chemical resistance factors may enhance ECB resistance breeding efficiency.

Effects of the Allelochemical, α-tomatine, on the Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gallardo ◽  
D. J. Boethel
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the impact of the allelochemical, α-tomatine, on the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), various concentrations (0.001 to 0.10% wet weight of diet [wwt]) were added to an artificial diet. Neonate larvae were fed on the diet to determine effects on larval weight, developmental time, mortality, and pupal weight. Longer development times were observed at the higher concentrations (0.05 and 0.10% wwt). Larval mortality at 0.10% α–tomatine was signficantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) than all other concentrations. Larval weight was decreased by concentrations of α-tomatine above 0.005% wwt. A linear regression (Y = 217.8 - 2089.5 X, r2 = 0.90) described the relationship between larval growth and α-tomatine concentrations. The effective dose to reduce larval weight by 50% was calculated (ED50 = 0.048% wwt) and then validated in a subsequent experiment. In that study, a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in mean body weight of 10- and 12-day-old larvae was obtained when larvae were fed diet containing the ED50 dose of α-tomatine. Percent growth relative to controls ranged from 56.1 to 52.1% at 6 and 12 days, respectively.

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