THE REACTION OF NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF FLAX TO THE RUST FUNGUS MELAMPSORA LINI I. HOST-PARASITE INTERFACE

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. El-Gewely ◽  
W. E. Smith ◽  
N. Colotelo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Susceptible Line ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Flax Cultivar ◽  
Host Parasite

Two near-isogenic lines of the flax cultivar Redwing, differing in their reaction to M. lini (Pers.) Lev. f. sp. liniperda Koern race '300', were studied to elaborate on the nature of the resistance in flax. In the susceptible line (rr) the fungus developed normally, producing extensive mycelium and haustoria and finally uredospores. However, in line S-66-53 (RR) no haustoria were formed, but a hypersensitive reaction was induced upon inoculation. The fungus did not appear to establish any nutritional relationship in S-66-53. The genetic control of resistance as regulated by the R locus is discussed and a hypothesis is proposed to explain the induction of the hypersenitive reaction.

scholarly journals Primary metabolite contents are correlated with seed protein and oil traits in near-isogenic lines of soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Pengfei Zhou ◽  
Xiaolei Shi ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Isogenic Lines

Comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different H genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Xu ◽  
C. G. Chu ◽  
M. O. Harris ◽  
C. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
H Gene

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. However, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the NILs’ genetic backgrounds. In this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of NILs developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and the Hessian fly ( Mayetiola destructor (Say)), an important pest of wheat. Each of the eight NILs carries a single H resistance gene and was created by successive backcrossing for two to six generations to susceptible T. aestivum ‘Newton’. We generated 256 target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers and used them to calculate genetic similarity, expressed by the Nei and Li (NL) coefficient. Six of the NILs (H3, H5, H6, H9, H11, and H13) had the highly uniform genetic background of Newton, with NL coefficients from 0.97 to 0.99. However, genotypes with H10 or H12 were less similar to Newton, with NL coefficients of 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. Cluster analysis based on NL coefficients and pedigree analysis showed that the genetic similarity between each of the NILs and Newton was affected by both the number of backcrosses and the genetic similarity between Newton and the H gene donors. We thus generated an equation to predict the number of required backcrosses, given varying similarity of donor and recurrent parent. We also investigated whether the genetic residues of the donor parents that remained in the NILs were related to linkage drag. By using a complete set of ‘Chinese Spring’ nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, one third of the TRAP markers that showed polymorphism between the NILs and Newton were assigned to a specific chromosome. All of the assigned markers were located on chromosomes other than the chromosome carrying the H gene, suggesting that the genetic residues detected in this study were not due to linkage drag. Results will aid in the development and use of near-isogenic lines for studies of the functional genomics of wheat.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Resistance of Rice Near-Isogenic Lines with Resistance Genes Against Brown Planthopper

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Hung Kuang ◽  
Yu-Fu Fang ◽  
Shau-Ching Lin ◽  
Shin-Fu Tsai ◽  
Zhi-Wei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The impact of climate change on insect resistance genes is elusive. Hence, we investigated the responses of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) that carry resistance genes against brown planthopper (BPH) under different environmental conditions. Results We tested these NILs under three environmental settings (the atmospheric temperature with corresponding carbon dioxide at the ambient, year 2050 and year 2100) based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prediction. Comparing between different environments, two of nine NILs that carried a single BPH-resistant gene maintained their resistance under the environmental changes, whereas two of three NILs showed gene pyramiding with two maintained BPH resistance genes despite the environmental changes. In addition, two NILs (NIL-BPH17 and NIL-BPH20) were examined in their antibiosis and antixenosis effects under these environmental changes. BPH showed different responses to these two NILs, where the inhibitory effect of NIL-BPH17 on the BPH growth and development was unaffected, while NIL-BPH20 may have lost its resistance during the environmental changes. Conclusion Our results indicate that BPH resistance genes could be affected by climate change. NIL-BPH17 has a strong inhibitory effect on BPH feeding on phloem and would be unaffected by environmental changes, while NIL-BPH20 would lose its ability during the environmental changes.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of wheat near-isogenic lines reveals candidate genes on chromosome 3A for pre-harvest sprouting resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyi Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Guijun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Abstract Background Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat can cause severe damage to both grain yield and quality. Resistance to PHS is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes located across all 21 wheat chromosomes. The study targeted a large-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 for PHS resistance using several sets previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs). Two pairs of NILs with highly significant phenotypic differences between the isolines were examined by RNA sequencing for their transcriptomic profiles on developing seeds at 15, 25 and 35 days after pollination (DAP) to identify candidate genes underlying the QTL and elucidate gene effects on PHS resistance. At each DAP, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the isolines were investigated. Results Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of key DEGs suggested that six candidate genes underlie QPhs.ccsu-3A.1 responsible for PHS resistance in wheat. Candidate gene expression was further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Within the targeted QTL interval, 16 genetic variants including five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 indels showed consistent polymorphism between resistant and susceptible isolines. Conclusions The targeted QTL is confirmed to harbor core genes related to hormone signaling pathways that can be exploited as a key genomic region for marker-assisted selection. The candidate genes and SNP/indel markers detected in this study are valuable resources for understanding the mechanism of PHS resistance and for marker-assisted breeding of the trait in wheat.

scholarly journals Proteomic Determination of Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition in Aroona Near-Isogenic Lines and Standard Wheat Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7709
Author(s):  
Kyoungwon Cho ◽  
You-Ran Jang ◽  
Sun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Susan B. Altenbach ◽  
Yong Q. Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Glutenin Subunit ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Isogenic Lines

The low-molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour has important effects on end-use quality. However, assessing the contributions of each LMW-GS to flour quality remains challenging because of the complex LMW-GS composition and allelic variation among wheat cultivars. Therefore, accurate and reliable determination of LMW-GS alleles in germplasm remains an important challenge for wheat breeding. In this study, we used an optimized reversed-phase HPLC method and proteomics approach comprising 2-D gels coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to discriminate individual LMW-GSs corresponding to alleles encoded by the Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 loci in the ‘Aroona’ cultivar and 12 ‘Aroona’ near-isogenic lines (ARILs), which contain unique LMW-GS alleles in the same genetic background. The LMW-GS separation patterns for ‘Aroona’ and ARILs on chromatograms and 2-D gels were consistent with those from a set of 10 standard wheat cultivars for Glu-3. Furthermore, 12 previously uncharacterized spots in ‘Aroona’ and ARILs were excised from 2-D gels, digested with chymotrypsin, and subjected to MS/MS. We identified their gene haplotypes and created a 2-D gel map of LMW-GS alleles in the germplasm for breeding and screening for desirable LMW-GS alleles for wheat quality improvement.

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