INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES INVOLVING ALFALFA. VII. MEDICAGO SATIVA × M. RHODOPEA

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Incompatibility Factor ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

On crossing Medicago sativa L. with M. rhodopea Velen., two hybrids were obtained. One was a triploid 2n = 24. It was produced by crossing a self-incompatible, diploid (2n = 16) M. sativa plant with an artificially chromosome-doubled (2n = 32) M. rhodopea plant. In this hybrid almost no fully analyzable MI plates were found. The range of observed univalents in 57 MI plates examined was one to seven per plate; in 38 of these plates one to four trivalents were seen. The chromosomes were doubled in the triploid to produce a hexaploid hybrid (2n = 48) which was self-sterile. This was probably the influence of the self-incompatible parent. The amount of plasma-filled pollen was approximately 64% in the hexaploid hybrid, as compared to less than 20% in its triploid progenitor. On backcrossing the hexaploid hybrid to hexaploid and tetraploid alfalfa, seeds were readily obtained. The other hybrid, which was obtained by crossing a tetraploid (2n = 32), male-sterile M. sativa with the chromosome-doubled M. rhodopea; had 2n = 31. It is assumed that in this and similar rarely successful crosses, some incompatibility factor/s is eliminated with the eliminated chromosome or the genic ratio is changed favoring compatibility. Transfer of M. rhodopea genic material to cultivated alfalfa may be through crossing over at meiosis involving chromosomes of the two species. Such occurrences were indicated on examination of meiosis in the triploid hybrid. Another way to include M. rhodopea chromosome complements in alfalfa would be to produce hexaploid auto-alloploids consisting of two sets of M. rhodopea (Rp) and four sets of M. sativa (S) chromosomes.

Phosphorus seed coatings for pasture species. II. Comparison of effectiveness of phosphorus applied as seed coatings, drilled or broadcast, in promoting early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scott ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
P Sources

The relative efficiency of phosphorus (P) seed coatings and drilled and broadcast applications of P was investigated in a glasshouse experiment conducted with phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in P-deficient soil. Two P sources (monocalcium phosphate [MCP] and dicalcium phosphate [DCP]) were used at three rates in seed coatings (0, 5 and 10 kg P ha-1) or at six rates each of drilled or broadcast applications (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P ha-1). MCP coatings severely reduced lucerne emergence and hence yield, but had little effect on phalaris emergence. No other fertilizer treatment affected emergence. The height of phalaris plants at 27 days after sowing (d.a.s.) was increased as much by seed coatings containing MCP at 5 kg P ha-1 as by drill or broadcast applications of MCP at 20 kg P ha-1. Plant height of the MCP seed coating treatments was also less variable than the other application methods, suggesting that the coatings provided more uniform access to P. Seed coatings containing DCP at 10 kg P ha-1 increased phalaris plant height more than did drilled or broadcast applications at 40 kg P ha-1, but there was no effect of any DCP treatment on lucerne growth at 27 d.a.s. The relatively large differences observed in plant height between different application methods at 27 d.a.s. diminished over time until, at 57 d.a.s., only small differences were evident. The dry matter yield and P content of both species were increased by increasing rates of MCP, but DCP had little effect at any rate. The reduced differences between the seed coating treatments and the other application methods at harvest may have been due to the limited soil volume of the pots used; further work is necessary in larger soil volumes to determine the significance of the early growth advantage conferred on phalaris by the phosphorus seed coatings, and to find ways of protecting lucerne from soluble P sources during germination.

Evaluation of Rhizobium inoculant formulations for alfalfa yield and N fixation

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Diane Knight
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Biological N Fixation ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Because of its small seed size, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) typically is seeded at a shallow depth, putting Rhizobium inoculated onto the seed coat at a high risk of desiccation. Granular inoculants may provide a superior delivery formulation for Rhizobium because the inoculant can be placed deeper in the soil than the seed, where it is protected from desiccation. Sinorhizobium meliloti cv. Beaver delivered as (1) pre-inoculated alfalfa seed from the inoculant manufacturer, (2) commercial peat-based, self-sticking inoculant applied on-site, and (3) granular inoculant placed with the seed or (4) banded below and to the side of the seed was evaluated against uninoculated alfalfa controls at three field sites in Saskatchewan. Overall, alfalfa inoculated with the granular formulation placed below and to the side of the alfalfa seed was among the highest biomass producer in the establishment year, although it did not exhibit superior nodulation or biological N fixation compared with the other treatments. Any advantage conferred by the granular inoculant in the establishment year did not persist through the first and second production years. Under the conditions of this study, the delivery formulation had no long-term affect on alfalfa productivity, nodulation and biological N fixation. Furthermore, none of the inoculant treatments were consistently superior to the uninoculated controls. Key words: Alfalfa, granular inoculant, peat inoculant, pre-inoculated seed, Medicago sativa L., Sinorhizobium meliloti

EFFECT OF GENERATION AND LOCATION OF SEED PRODUCTION ON GROWTH HABIT AND ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE IN ARC ALFALFA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
J. H. ELGIN Jr. ◽  
C. M. RINCKER
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthracnose Resistance ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Fall Growth

Thirty-one seedlots of Arc alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), produced between 1971 and 1974 at Prosser, Wash.; Stanfield, Oreg.; and Shafter and Tehachapi, Calif., were evaluated for shifts in field growth habits (regrowth after cutting, winter injury, and date of flowering) and greenhouse anthracnose resistance. Seedlots represented one (Syn 2), two (Syn 3), and three (Syn 4) generations of increase beyond the original Syn 1 lot, grown under four diverse environments. Results indicated a tendency for shift in regrowth rate among the Syn 3 and Syn 4 generation seedlots produced at Shafter, Calif. No shift in regrowth rate was observed for the other locations and no significant trends away from the original lot were observed for winter injury, date of flowering or anthracnose resistance.Key words: Medicago sativa L., seed production, genetic shifts, anthracnose resistance, fall growth, regrowth

Experimental Research on Cracking Resistance of Alfalfa Seed

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1165-1168
Author(s):  
Xue Kun Zhang ◽  
Chun Hua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Compression Properties ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Universal Material Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Material Testing Machine ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

The compression properties of three varieties of alfalfa seeds, such as Medicago sativa L. cv. Gannong No.3, Medicago sativa L. Longdong and Medicago sativa L. cv. Golden Empress, are studied by extrusion experiments using SANS universal material testing machine. The results of Longdong alfalfa seed show that the fracture load has relation with shape and size of the alfalfa seeds. For both of ellipsoidal seed and arched seed, the fracture load of single seed is about 19N to 30N. The fracture load increases linearly with the thickness of plump seed with the ratio of thickness to width greater than 0.75. These inclusions for other two varieties are the same with Longdong alfalfa seed. This research could offer a technical basis of designing and developing of the alfalfa seeder and seed harvesting machine.

Allotetraploid behavior of hybrids of Medicago sativa L. and M. papillosa Boiss.

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
G. L. Quarisa
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Diploid (2n = 2x = 16), triploid (2n = 3x = 24), and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32) interspecific hybrids between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and M. papillosa Boiss. were recovered either from seed (the triploid hybrids) or from ovule–embryo culture (the diploid and tetraploid hybrids). Cytogenetic analysis of diploid interspecific hybrids (with one genome of M. sativa, designated S, and one genome of M. papillosa, designated P), indicated significant genomic affinity, with an average of 7.6 bivalents and 0.8 univalents per pollen mother cell. In contrast, cytogenetic analysis of the triploid interspecific hybrids (with one S genome and two P genomes) indicated little if any genomic affinity between M. sativa and M. papillosa. In 7 of 14 triploid hybrids analyzed no trivalent configurations were observed, and in the other hybrids, trivalent frequency ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 per pollen mother cell. Tetraploid interspecific hybrids with two S and two P genomes had predominantly bivalent pairing. Based on the lack of homology of S and P genomes, the tetraploid hybrids are basically allotetraploids (SSPP). Therefore, backcross progeny from crossing the tetraploid hybrids with tetraploid M. sativa have the genomic constitution SSSP. Univalents and trivalents were observed in first backcross (BC1) progeny, as expected, based on an allotetraploid interpretation. Most of the BC1 progeny were partially or completely male sterile, and female fertility was significantly reduced. Potential uses of homoeologous genomes such as M. papillosa in alfalfa genetic and breeding studies are discussed.Key words: cytogenetics, interspecific hybrids, ovule –embryo culture.

scholarly journals .ALPHA.-Galactosidase from alfalfa seeds (Medicago sativa L.).

1979 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi ITOH ◽  
Susumu SHIMURA ◽  
Susumu ADACHI
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alpha Galactosidase ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

scholarly journals The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Pathological, and Behavioural Effects of Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) Extract on Brain Injury Caused by Nicotine in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Raeeszadeh ◽  
P. Mortazavi ◽  
R. Atashin-Sadafi
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
The Brain

Nicotine is one of the most important compounds in cigarette which can cause changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters and damage to the nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Medicago Sativa L. (alfalfa) on controlling nicotine-induced brain damage and anxiety behaviour in rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups and treated daily as follows: a control group, T1 and T2 groups where animals were subcutaneously injected 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, respectively, T3 and T4 groups where animals were injected subcutaneously 0.2 mg/kg nicotine and 250 and 500 mg/kg alfalfa extract, and T5 group in which only nicotine at the dose of 0.2 mg/kg was injected. At the end of the period after weighing, the elevated plus-maze test was taken from the animals. Serum assay was conducted to measure TCA, IL-1, and TNFα, and half of the brain tissue was used to measure oxidative stress parameters (GPx, SOD, TAC, and MDA) and the other parts were used for histopathological studies. Body weight in the T5 group was significantly different from that of the other groups. The time and number of open arms reduced in the T5 group. The duration and number of times in the open arm significantly decreased in the treated groups in a dose-depended manner. Malondialdehyde concentration was the highest in the nicotine group and the lowest in T2. The concentration of GPx and SOD was significantly increased in the presence of alfalfa extract in nicotine groups. TNFα and IL-1 in the T5 group showed a significant increase compared to the other groups. Moreover, the number of neurons and the level of necrotic neurons and gliosis significantly decreased and increased in the nicotine group, respectively, while these histopathological damages improved by treatment with alfalfa extract in T3 and T4 groups. Alfalfa extract can have a significant dose-dependent therapeutic effect on inducing oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of nicotine in the brain and reducing anxiety behaviours.

Influence of priming with exogenous boron on the seed vigour of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Xia ◽  
Y. C. Wang ◽  
H. S. Zhu ◽  
J. Y. Ma ◽  
Y. Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Borax Solution ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Alfalfa seeds were primed with 0, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 1.2 %, 2.4 % and 4.8 % (W/V) concentration of borax solution for 0 (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at 20°C. The results showed that the vigour of alfalfa seeds were very significantly (P less than 0.01) related to boron concentration, priming time and their interaction, they were enhanced by the opportune concentration of boron priming, but were restrained by high concentration of boron. Priming with 0.1 % boron for 6 h was the best treatment for using to improve the seed vigour of alfalfa.

Survival of Verticillium albo-atrum in alfalfa seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
G. C. Kozub ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Hard seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were artificially inoculated with Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold and assessed for survival of the pathogen under laboratory and field conditions. When infected seeds were stored air-dry, V. albo-atrum survival was low (less than 10% after 10 months) at above-freezing temperatures (20 and 30 °C) but high (more than 90% at 10 months) at subfreezing temperatures (−20 and −10 °C). Survival of the pathogen was also low (10% at 3 months) in seeds buried in soil at 20 °C but high (90% at 10 months) at −5 °C. More than 75% of the hard seeds remained viable after 18 months of air-dry storage at −20, −10, 4, 20, or 30 °C. The incidence of verticillium wilt in alfalfa plants due to seedborne V. albo-atrum decreased with seed storage period, averaging 40% after seed was stored for 1 month and zero when seed was stored for 12 or 18 months. In field experiments, survival of seedborne V. albo-atrum decreased with increasing period of burial but at different rates in each year. The percentage of seeds with viable V. albo-atrum was greater when the seeds were buried at 10 cm compared with 5 and 2 cm (48 vs. 39 and 38%, respectively). The complete loss of viability of V. albo-atrum in infected seeds stored at 30 °C for 6 months indicates that seed-borne V. albo-atrum could be eliminated by storing alfalfa seeds at 30 °C for 1 year. Key words: Verticillium wilt, Verticillium albo-atrum, Medicago sativa, alfalfa, survival, seedborne.

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