SOME FINE STRUCTURE FEATURES OF MEIOSIS IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Rapport
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Nuclear Organization ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lipid Granules ◽  
Meiosis I

Fine structure features of yeast cells in meiosis are reported. Cytoplasmic and nuclear organization are compared during budding, meiosis I and meiosis II. Spindle plaques previously reported in budding yeast are identified during meiosis and the morphology of the plaques in meiosis I and II is illustrated. The dimunition of the vacuole and the increase in the number of lipid, granules in sporulating yeast, known from light microscopy, is confirmed.

scholarly journals Either of the major H2A genes but not an evolutionarily conserved H2A.F/Z variant of Tetrahymena thermophila can function as the sole H2A gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2878-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
J Bowen ◽  
M A Gorovsky
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Ciliated Protozoan ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Conserved Epitope

H2A.F/Z histones are conserved variants that diverged from major H2A proteins early in evolution, suggesting they perform an important function distinct from major H2A proteins. Antisera specific for hv1, the H2A.F/Z variant of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, cross-react with proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, no H2A.F/Z variant has been reported in this budding yeast species. We sought to distinguish among three explanations for these observations: (i) that S. cerevisiae has an undiscovered H2A.F/Z variant, (ii) that the major S. cerevisiae H2A proteins are functionally equivalent to H2A.F/Z variants, or (iii) that the conserved epitope is found on a non-H2A molecule. Repeated attempts to clone an S. cerevisiae hv1 homolog only resulted in the cloning of the known H2A genes yHTA1 and yHTA2. To test for functional relatedness, we attempted to rescue strains lacking the yeast H2A genes with either the Tetrahymena major H2A genes (tHTA1 or tHTA2) or the gene (tHTA3) encoding hv1. Although they differ considerably in sequence from the yeast H2A genes, the major Tetrahymena H2A genes can provide the essential functions of H2A in yeast cells, the first such case of trans-species complementation of histone function. The Tetrahymena H2A genes confer a cold-sensitive phenotype. Although expressed at high levels and transported to the nucleus, hv1 cannot replace yeast H2A proteins. Proteins from S. cerevisiae strains lacking yeast H2A genes fail to cross-react with anti-hv1 antibodies. These studies make it likely that S. cerevisiae differs from most other eukaryotes in that it does not have an H2A.F/Z homolog. A hypothesis is presented relating the absence of H2A.F/Z in S. cerevisiae to its function in other organisms.

Two functional alpha-tubulin genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode divergent proteins

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3711-3721
Author(s):  
P J Schatz ◽  
L Pillus ◽  
P Grisafi ◽  
F Solomon ◽  
D Botstein
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Tubulin Genes

Two alpha-tubulin genes from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified and cloned by cross-species DNA homology. Nucleotide sequencing studies revealed that the two genes, named TUB1 and TUB3, encoded gene products of 447 and 445 amino acids, respectively, that are highly homologous to alpha-tubulins from other species. Comparison of the sequences of the two genes revealed a 19% divergence between the nucleotide sequences and a 10% divergence between the amino acid sequences. Each gene had a single intervening sequence, located at an identical position in codon 9. Cell fractionation studies showed that both gene products were present in yeast microtubules. These two genes, along with the TUB2 beta-tubulin gene, probably encode the entire complement of tubulin in budding yeast cells.

Substitution of histone H3 arginine 72 to alanine leads to deregulation of isoleucine biosynthesis in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilendra Kumar Thakre ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sahu ◽  
Raghuvir Singh Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Isoleucine Biosynthesis ◽  
Minimal Media

Histone residues play an essential role in the regulation of various biological processes. In the present study, we have utilized the H3/H4 histone mutant library to probe functional aspects of histone residues in amino acid biosynthesis. We found that histone residue H3R72 plays a crucial role in the regulation of isoleucine biosynthesis. Substitution of arginine residue (H3R72) of histone H3 to alanine (H3R72A) renders yeast cells unable to grow in the minimal media. Histone mutant H3R72A requires the external supplementation of either isoleucine, serine, or threonine for the growth in minimal media. We also observed that H3R72 residue and leucine amino acid in synthetic complete media might play a crucial role in determining the intake of isoleucine and threonine in yeast. Further, gene deletion analysis of ILV1 and CHA1 in H3R72A mutant confirmed that isoleucine is the sole requirement for growth in minimal medium. Altogether, we have identified that histone H3R72 residue may be crucial for yeast growth in the minimal medium by regulating isoleucine biosynthesis through the Ilv1 enzyme in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals SPINDLES, SPINDLE PLAQUES, AND MEIOSIS IN THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (HANSEN)

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Moens ◽  
Ellen Rapport
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Side ◽  
Opaque Body ◽  
Meiosis I

The intranuclear spindle of yeast has an electron-opaque body at each pole. These spindle plaques lie on the nuclear envelope. During mitosis the spindle elongates while the nuclear membranes remain intact. After equatorial constriction there are two daughted nuclei, each with one spindle plaque. The spindle plaque then duplicates so that two side-by-side plaques are produced. These move rapidly apart and rotate so that they bracket a stable 0.8 µm spindle. Later, during mitosis, this spindle elongates, etc. Yeast cells placed on sporulation medium soon enter meiosis. After 4 hr the spindle plaques of the more mature cells duplicate, producing a stable side-by-side arrangement. Subsequently the plaques move apart to bracket a 0.8 µm spindle which immediately starts to elongate. When this meiosis I spindle reaches its maximum length of 3–5 µm, each of the plaques at the poles of the spindle duplicates and the resulting side-by-side plaques increase in size. The nucleus does not divide. The large side-by-side plaques separate and bracket a short spindle of about 1 µm which elongates gradually to 2 or 3 µm. Thus there are two spindles within one nucleus at meiosis II. To the side of each of the four plaques a bulge forms on the nucleus. The four bulges enlarge while the original nucleus shrinks. These four developing ascospore nuclei are partially surrounded by cytoplasm and by a prospore wall which originates from the cytoplasmic side of the spindle plaque. Eventually the spore nuclei pinch off and the spore wall closes. In some of the larger yeast cells this development is completed after 8 hr on sporulation medium.

scholarly journals Two functional alpha-tubulin genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode divergent proteins.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3711-3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Schatz ◽  
L Pillus ◽  
P Grisafi ◽  
F Solomon ◽  
D Botstein
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Tubulin Genes

Two alpha-tubulin genes from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified and cloned by cross-species DNA homology. Nucleotide sequencing studies revealed that the two genes, named TUB1 and TUB3, encoded gene products of 447 and 445 amino acids, respectively, that are highly homologous to alpha-tubulins from other species. Comparison of the sequences of the two genes revealed a 19% divergence between the nucleotide sequences and a 10% divergence between the amino acid sequences. Each gene had a single intervening sequence, located at an identical position in codon 9. Cell fractionation studies showed that both gene products were present in yeast microtubules. These two genes, along with the TUB2 beta-tubulin gene, probably encode the entire complement of tubulin in budding yeast cells.

scholarly journals Dependence of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae post-reproductive lifespan on the reproductive potential.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Zadrag-Tecza ◽  
Mateusz Molon ◽  
Jan Mamczur ◽  
Tomasz Bilinski
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Two Stages

The lifespan of budding yeast cells is divided into two stages: reproductive and post-reproductive. The post-reproductive stage of the yeast's lifespan has never been characterized before. We have analyzed the influence of various mutations on the post-reproductive (PRLS) and replicative (RLS) lifespans. The results indicate that PRLS demonstrates an inverse relationship with RLS. The observed lack of differences in the total lifespan (TLS) (expressed in units of time) of strains differing up to five times in RLS (expressed in the number of daughters formed) suggests the necessity of revision of opinions concerning the use of yeast as a model organism of gerontology.

scholarly journals Filamentous growth of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by overexpression of the WHI2 gene

Microbiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Radcliffe ◽  
K. M. Binley ◽  
J. Trevethick ◽  
M. Hall ◽  
P. E. Sudbery
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Filamentous Growth ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

scholarly journals Nonrecombinant meiosis I nondisjunction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by tRNA ochre suppressors.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Louis ◽  
J E Haber
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Chromosome Nondisjunction

Abstract The presence of the tRNA ochre suppressors SUP11 and SUP5 is found to induce meiosis I nondisjunction in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The induction increases with increasing dosage of the suppressor and decreases in the presence of an antisuppressor. The effect is independent of the chromosomal location of SUP11. Each of five different chromosomes monitored exhibited nondisjunction at frequencies of 0.1%-1.1% of random spores, which is a 16-160-fold increase over wild-type levels. Increased nondisjunction is reflected by a marked increase in tetrads with two and zero viable spores. In the case of chromosome III, for which a 50-cM map interval was monitored, the resulting disomes are all in the parental nonrecombinant configuration. Recombination along chromosome III appears normal both in meioses that have no nondisjunction and in meioses for which there was nondisjunction of another chromosome. We propose that a proportion of one or more proteins involved in chromosome pairing, recombination or segregation are aberrant due to translational read-through of the normal ochre stop codon. Hygromycin B, an antibiotic that can suppress nonsense mutations via translational read-through, also induces nonrecombinant meiosis I nondisjunction. Increases in mistranslation, therefore, increase the production of aneuploids during meiosis. There was no observable effect of SUP11 on mitotic chromosome nondisjunction; however some disomes caused SUP11 ade2-ochre strains to appear white or red, instead of pink.

scholarly journals Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Enhances Iron Uptake by the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowosad ◽  
Monika Sujka ◽  
Urszula Pankiewicz ◽  
Damijan Miklavčič ◽  
Marta Arczewska
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Metal Ion Binding ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of a pulsed electric field (PEF) on the level of iron ion accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and to select PEF conditions optimal for the highest uptake of this element. Iron ions were accumulated most efficiently when their source was iron (III) nitrate. When the following conditions of PEF treatment were used: voltage 1500 V, pulse width 10 μs, treatment time 20 min, and a number of pulses 1200, accumulation of iron ions in the cells from a 20 h-culture reached a maximum value of 48.01 mg/g dry mass. Application of the optimal PEF conditions thus increased iron accumulation in cells by 157% as compared to the sample enriched with iron without PEF. The second derivative of the FTIR spectra of iron-loaded and -unloaded yeast cells allowed us to determine the functional groups which may be involved in metal ion binding. The exposure of cells to PEF treatment only slightly influenced the biomass and cell viability. However, iron-enriched yeast (both with or without PEF) showed lower fermentative activity than a control sample. Thus obtained yeast biomass containing a high amount of incorporated iron may serve as an alternative to pharmacological supplementation in the state of iron deficiency.

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