PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSE AND ITS EFFECTS ON CERTAIN QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN TOBACCO

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronius Povilaitis
Keyword(s):  
Major Gene ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of the mammoth gene causing a short-day photoperiodic response in a mutant were studied in 1962 and 1966 in six genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 B2) derived from the cross between Mammoth Delcrest, a short-day mutation of the flue-cured tobacco variety Delcrest, and Praecox, a day-neutral pipe tobacco. The data showed the expected monofactorial segregation of day-neutral against short-day plants, the latter being recessive. Considerable amount of positive heterosis was observed for leaf width. In the inheritance of days-to-flower, in addition to the pair of alleles determining the short-day response, one to two gene groups are indicated, operating probably in an additive fashion. Two and three gene groups are indicated for leaf width and leaf length, respectively. Parameters describing additive gene effects were important for all the character tested but none of the parameters for dominance and digenic epistatic effects were significant. Evidently the segregating major gene for the mammoth character did not excessively influence the relationship of gene effects in the remaining genotype as determined by the generation-mean analysis.

DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN INDIAN MUSTARD

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689
Author(s):  
Shree Pal Singh ◽  
Dharampal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Additive Gene

A complete diallel cross involving four experimental strains and six standard cultivars of Indian mustard. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss., was investigated for the inheritance of leaf length and leaf width. Considerable heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in certain hybrid combinations for both characters. Several crosses exceeded the performance of the best cultivar. Partial dominance for leaf length and overdominance for leaf width were observed. Highly significant additive gene effects were found for both characters bur only about one third of the total variance exhibited by leaf length and about one sixth of that by leaf width may be ascribed to this component. The correlation between the two characters was positive. It was concluded that breeding programs should put more emphasis on leaf length rather than leaf width for effective manipulations of leaf size.

Chondrilla juncea L. in Australia. I. Some factors affecting flowering

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

The interaction between day length and vernalization, and the influence of growth temperature on flowering, in Chondrilla juncea L. (skeleton weed) have been studied. Bolting and floral initiation in unvernalized plants were suppressed in a 9-hr photoperiod. Increasing the photoperiod beyond 12 hr resulted in progressively earlier bolting and floral initiation, the critical day length being slightly less than 12 hr. Interrupting a 16-hr dark period by 1 hr of low-intensity light near its centre caused some plants to flower. Prior vernalization further accelerated bolting and flowering and reduced the dependence on day length. Vernalization, however, was not an obligate requirement. Post-bolting development was favoured by high temperatures. It was concluded that flowering in skeleton weed occurred in two stages. The first or photo-inductive phase was controlled by at least two partial processes. These were vernalization and a photoperiodic response in which the length of the dark period was the critical factor. The relationship of the flowering processes to the distribution of skeleton weed in Australia is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Benefits of Jute as Potherbs

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Anita Roy ◽  
Debjani Mondal ◽  
Amrita Kumari ◽  
Sourav Hazari ◽  
K Pramanick
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Biomass Yield

Demand for unconventional potherbs is increasing and known medicinal values or high content of Vitamin A or protein or Vitamin C will help jute to be equally popular as cheap sources of these. Walking on the paths of age-old belief on utilization of Jute as pat shak or potherbs (plant parts like leaves, flowers, stems, etc, that can be used in cooking or seasoning and flavouring) in some confined areas of India, the present study was undertaken with five varieties each of oilitorius and capsularis grown in teaching Farm Mondouri, BCKV in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four replications during 2018- 2019 (4 rows of 4 m each) following recommended agronomic practices. Planting was done in first week of april month and were harvested after one month. Biomass traits like leaf length (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf width (cm), petiole length(cm),  plant height (cm), weight per plant (gm) were recorded along with an estimation of Vitamin A, Vitamin C and protein content in the leaves. In olitorius heritability was moderately high in all the traits except a number of leaves along with moderate Genetic Advance as per cent of Mean (GAM) for Leaf length. Fresh weight indicates that this may be due to additive gene effects and selection for these types of traits may be always rewarding.  In capsularis heritability was moderately high for all traits except for the leaf length along with moderate GAM for petiole length and fresh weight indicates that this may be due to additive gene effects and selection for these types of traits may be rewarding. JRO 524 recorded high biomass yield along with high content of vitamin A (6950 IU (approximately 40 % of carrot) can serve as a cheap source of Vitamin A in the northeast provinces where it can be successfully taken as a vegetable as it happens to be one among the twenty-five popularly cultivated leafy vegetables (shaks) in West Bengal. Young jute leaves are flavorful and tender are rich in betacarotene, iron, calcium, and Vitamin C.  Criteria of selection for improvement of yield can be taken in terms of wt g per 10 plants as suggested in capsularis and both wt of leaves and petiole size and no of leaves in case of olitorius. Also it can be stated that the traits like no of leaves and Leaf length are more affected by environmental variations in case of olitorius and the trait like plant height in case of capsularis. JRO 524 recorded high biomass yield along with high content of vItamin A (6950 IU approximately 40 % of carrot) can serve as a cheap source of Vitamin A in the northeast provinces where it can be successfully taken as a vegetable.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY VALUES OF THE VARIETY OF LETTUCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
O. N. Bobkova ◽  
V. V. Skorina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spring Sowing

Expanding the range of vegetable crops, including green ones, through the introduction of new varieties into production is an important task. The study and evaluation of the original material of the salad, the features of cultivation in different periods, will allow to identify samples of a complex of economically valuable traits for the selection of culture, which is relevant for the creation of varieties in Belarus. Research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of horticulture of the Belarusian state agricultural Academy in 2013-2015. The article assesses the relationship between the main economically valuable features of varieties of lettuce when grown in the spring (seedling method) and spring and summer sowing in the open ground. In lettuce plants of the headed variety, the sign “the mass of the vegetative part of the plant” strongly depends on the sign “diameter of the head” (r=0.640 - with the seedling method and r=0.809 - with the spring sowing period), “leaf width” (r=0.685 and r=0.790, respectively). A high connection is also established between the signs "leaf length" and "leaf width" (r=0.702 - with the spring sowing period and r=0.749 - with the seedling method). In leaf lettuce plants, a strong correlation was noted between the signs “leaf length” and “plant height” (r=0.706 for summer and r=0.810 for spring planting), diameter of the rosette of leaves (r=0.564 for summer and r=0.810 - at the spring sowing time). The average feedback for leaf lettuce varieties is revealed between the signs “leaf width” and “number of leaves” (r=-0.444 - for spring and r=-0.458 - for summer sowing time). The majority of morphological signs, depending on the time of cultivation, are related to each other by average correlation links (the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.458 to 0.531).

scholarly journals The Cambridge sheep — its exploitation for increased efficiency of lamb production

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
I. AP Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Generation Interval ◽  
Major Gene Effect ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Cambridge breed has been developed since 1964, based on a foundation group of 54 ewes representing 11 breeds mated initially to seven Finnsheep rams. Data presented show that a high litter size(LS) has been established (mean 2.8 in 3 year old ewes) by a policy of selection coupled with minimising generation interval. Observations on ovulation rate (OR)show a large range (1—13) and are consistent with an hypothesis that OR is influenced by a major gene effect superimposed on a basal level of about 2.5 ova. The gene appears to increase ovulation by about two ova per copy and to have a frequency approaching 0.3 in the Bangor University flock. Data on the relationship of LS at birth and of lambs weaned per ewe are presented which indicate that under ideal conditions the optima for OR and LS at birth cannot exceed 5 and 3.5 respectively for mature ewes. The practical utilisation of the breed as a dam-line sire of crossbred ewes show that the Cambridge crossbreds are more precocious, more prolific, have slower growing lambs with carcasses of similar quality to the corresponding Border Leicester crosses. Overall superiority inefficiency of feed utilisation is about 20 %. Methods of genotyping sheep and utilising the major gene in practice are discussed.

GENES FOR DWARFNESS IN WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
G N Fick ◽  
C O Qualset
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Additive Gene

ABSTRACT The genetic control of plant height was studied in crosses of four spring wheats involving the standard height variety Ramona 50 and short-statured selections Olesen, D6301, and D6899. Data from parent, F1, F2, and F3 populations indicated that four independently segregating loci account for most of the differences among the four varieties. Two major genes of a highly recessive nature condition reduced height in Olesen and the Norin 10 derivative D6301. Olesen also carries a third dwarfing gene which is partially dominant in its effects over genes for tallness. This gene, or a gene that acts in a similar manner, is also present in the standard height variety Ramona 50. Dwarfing in D6899, a derivative of Tom Thumb, is controlled primarily by a single gene with mainly additive effects which is not present in any of the other three varieties. Genetic components estimated from generation means (parental, F1, F2, F3, and backcross) indicated that additive gene effects were the major component of variation in four of the six crosses, and of similar magnitude to dominance effects in another cross. The primary source of genetic variation in the cross Olesen × D6899 was due to epistasis with both additive × additive and dominance × dominance effects of major importance. The results of the generation mean analyses were consistent with the models for major-gene control of plant height based on segregation patterns.

scholarly journals Gene Action Studies in Cowpea Inbreds and Hybrids with Varying Levels of Heterosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lovely ◽  
V. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Plant Breeder ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Partial Diallel

Background: Cowpea is an important pulse crop grown worldwide that fits well in a variety of cropping systems. Improvement in yield and related characters along with reduced duration are desirable traits in this crop. The study of heterosis reveals the type of gene action involved which enables the plant breeder to adopt suitable breeding methodology for its improvement. Methods: The present investigation was carried out with 10 parent partial diallel design to analyse the gene action and estimate of heterosis with respect to nine yield related traits in cowpea.Result: Highly significant variances observed for all the traits indicated that hybrids and parents were different from each other for the traits under study and that variability in the breeding materials was attributed to additive and non-additive gene effects. Perusal of the data revealed significant positive heterosis for all yield related traits and significant negative heterosis for days to 50% flowering indicating earliness. Among the twenty five crosses studied, VS9 x VS43, VS24 x VS45 and VS44 x VS47 had significant heterosis for maximum number of characters. Both gca and sca variances were significant for all the characters indicating both additive and non-additive gene actions controlling the various traits. The additive variance was much higher than dominance variance for the characters days to 50% flowering, pod length, pod breadth, pod weight, pods per plant and cluster, pod yield per plant, seeds per plant and length of harvest period suggesting the preponderance of additive gene action.

scholarly journals Genetic inheritance of photoperiod sensitivity in Runner bean (Phaseolus coccineous L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1511-1519
Author(s):  
Mable. M. Mulanya ◽  
Paul. M. Kimani ◽  
Rama D. Narla ◽  
Pascal Okwiri Ojwang
Keyword(s):  
Female Parent ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Bulk Breeding

Lack of information on the mode of inheritance of photoperiod sensitivity is a constraint to genetic improvement of tropically adapted vegetable runner bean. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of short-day photoperiod in runner beans. Seven single crosses between female parent; White Emergo (long day imported variety) and seven short day local landraces (Kin 1, Kin 2, Kin 3, Nyeri, Dwarf1, Dwarf 2 and Dwarf 3) were developed in Kenya. The parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses were evaluated at Kabete (warm conditions) and Ol Joro-Orok (cool condtions) under the natural short-day length of 12hrs. From the results, short day parents flowered earlier (within 40-48 days) and formed more racemes (on average 10 racemes/plant) and pods (at least 25pods/plant) than long day parent (White Emergo) at both locations. The populations in the seven cross combinations flowered earlier at the warmer location (Kabete) than cooler one (Ol Joro Orok). In all crosses, F1 and F2 means of days to flowering and number of racemes were within parental range while the backcrosses’ showed means that were close to their recurrent parents. The additive-dominance model [m+a+d] was found to adequately explain the genetic influence on studied traits with additive gene effects accounting for about 90% of the genetic action. The predominance of additive gene action indicates that improvement of this crop for short day adaptation can be easily achieved by trait integration through hybridization followed by pure selection methods such as single seed descent, bulk breeding or pedigree.

scholarly journals Leaf Area and Its Relationship with Leaf Descriptors Elements in Liquidambar styraciflua L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Daniela Sabina POŞTA ◽  
Florin SALA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lobe Width

This study aimed at determining the leaf area in Liquidambar styraciflua L. and at characterising the relationship between leaf area and leaf descriptors. The biological material was the species Liquidambar styraciflua L. We determined leaf area in 100 leaves (Figure 1) based on the size of median rib (L), leaf width at higher (W1) and lower (W2) lobe level, and on area constants (KA). The size of elements L, W1 and W2 were found by measuring with a precision of ±0.5 mm. Area constants in the species Liquidambar styraciflua L. were KA1 = 0.63, determined depending on leaf width at upper lobe width (W1), and KA2 = 0.81 in relation to the width W2 of the lower lobes. Between the scanned leaf area (SLA) and measured leaf area (MLA) and leaf descriptors (L, W1 and W2) we identified relations of interdependence statistically ensured: r = 0.960 to r = 0.971 for SLA; r = 0.951 to r = 0.981 for MLA W1, and r = 0.933 to r = 0.972 for MLA W2, respectively. Leaf descriptors L, W1 and W2 had a differentiated contribution in determining SLA and MLA. SLA was influenced by leaf length (L) with higher statistic safety (R2 = 0.963, p << 0.001, F = 1277.2) than leaf width at upper lobe width W1 (R2 = 0.943; p<<0.001; F = 797.7) and leaf width at the extremities of the lower lobes W2 (R2= 0.927, p << 0.001, F = 620.59).

scholarly journals KORELASI FENOTYPE DAN HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata, Sturt) DI KECAMATAN RUMBAI PEKANBARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
SURTINAH SURTINAH
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Garden

The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between vegetative growth with sweet corn produced in experimental garden of Faculty of Agriculture Unilak. The environmental design used was a complete randomized design with 20 replications. Data analysis using correlation analysis. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, weight of cob weighing, cob weight without cornhusk, length of cob weighing, length of cob without cornhusk. The results showed that plant height, leaf number, and leaf width were significantly correlated with unbalanced cob weight, and correlated significantly with the length of cobs weighing and length of cobs without cornhusk. Plant height, leaf number, and leaf width did not give a significant correlation to the weight of cobs weighing. Weight of cobs weighing with unobstructed weight of cobs without real correlated weight, and long cobs without weight with weightlessness showed no real correlation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document