Cytogenetic characterization of the invasive mussel species Xenostrobus securis Lmk. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Pérez-García ◽  
Paloma Morán ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Xenostrobus Securis ◽  
Dapi Fluorescence

The chromosomes of the invasive black-pigmy mussel (Xenostrobus securis (Lmk. 1819)) were analyzed by means of 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) / propidium iodide (PI) and chromomycin A3 (CMA) / DAPI fluorescence staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization using major rDNA, 5S rDNA, core histone genes, linker histone genes, and telomeric sequences as probes. The diploid chromosome number in this species is 2n = 30. The karyotype is composed of seven metacentric, one meta/submetacentric, and seven submetacentric chromosome pairs. Telomeric sequences appear at both ends of every single chromosome. Major rDNA clusters appear near the centromeres on chromosome pairs 1 and 3 and are associated with bright CMA fluorescence and dull DAPI fluorescence. This species shows five 5S rDNA clusters close to the centromeres on four chromosome pairs (2, 5, 6, and 8). Three of the four core histone gene clusters map to centromeric positions on chromosome pairs 7, 10, and 13. The fourth core histone gene cluster occupies a terminal position on chromosome pair 8, also bearing a 5S rDNA cluster. The two linker histone gene clusters are close to the centromeres on chromosome pairs 12 and 14. Therefore, the use of these probes allows the unequivocal identification of 11 of the 15 chromosome pairs that compose the karyotype of X. securis.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Dynamics of rDNA Clusters in Chromosomes of Five Clam Species Belonging to the Family Veneridae (Mollusca, Bivalvia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Pérez-García ◽  
Ninoska S. Hurtado ◽  
Paloma Morán ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Rdna Cluster ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

The chromosomal changes accompanying bivalve evolution are an area about which few reports have been published. To improve our understanding on chromosome evolution in Veneridae, ribosomal RNA gene clusters were mapped by fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) to chromosomes of five species of venerid clams (Venerupis corrugata,Ruditapes philippinarum,Ruditapes decussatus,Dosinia exoleta, andVenus verrucosa). The results were anchored to the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic tree currently available for Veneridae. While a single major rDNA cluster was found in each of the five species, the number of 5S rDNA clusters showed high interspecies variation. Major rDNA was either subterminal to the short arms or intercalary to the long arms of metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes, whereas minor rDNA signals showed higher variability. Major and minor rDNAs map to different chromosome pairs in all species, but inR. decussatusone of the minor rDNA gene clusters and the major rDNA cluster were located in the same position on a single chromosome pair. This interspersion of both sequences was confirmed by fiber FISH. Telomeric signals appeared at both ends of every chromosome in all species. FISH mapping data are discussed in relation to the molecular phylogenetic trees currently available for Veneridae.

Cytogenetic characterization and mapping of rDNAs, core histone genes and telomeric sequences in Venerupis aurea and Tapes rhomboides (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

Genetica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Carrilho ◽  
Concepción Pérez-García ◽  
Alexandra Leitão ◽  
Isabel Malheiro ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
Core Histone ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization

Molecular Cytogenetics in Digenean Parasites: Linked and Unlinked Major and 5S rDNAs, B Chromosomes and Karyotype Diversification

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García-Souto ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
Morphological Differences

Digenetic trematodes are the largest group of internal metazoan parasites, but their chromosomes are poorly studied. Although chromosome numbers and/or karyotypes are known for about 300 of the 18,000 described species, molecular cytogenetic knowledge is mostly limited to the mapping of telomeric sequences and/or of major rDNA clusters in 9 species. In this work we mapped major and 5S rDNA clusters and telomeric sequences in chromosomes of Bucephalus minimus, B. australis, Prosorhynchoides carvajali (Bucephaloidea), Monascus filiformis (Gymnophalloidea), Parorchis acanthus (Echinostomatoidea), Cryptocotyle lingua (Opisthorchioidea), Cercaria longicaudata, Monorchis parvus (Monorchioidea), Diphterostomum brusinae, and Bacciger bacciger (Microphalloidea). Whilst single major and minor rDNA clusters were mapped to different chromosome pairs in B. minimus and P. acanthus, overlapping signals were detected on a single chromosome pair in the remaining taxa. FISH experiments using major rDNA and telomeric probes clearly demonstrated the presence of highly stretched NORs in most of the digenean taxa analyzed. B chromosomes were detected in the B. bacciger samples hosted by Ruditapes decussatus. Although the cercariae specimens obtained from Donax trunculus, Tellina tenuis, and R. decussatus were in agreement with B. bacciger, their karyotypes showed striking morphological differences in agreement with the proposed assignation of these cercariae to different species of the genus Bacciger. Results are discussed in comparison with previous data on digenean chromosomes.

scholarly journals Chromosomal mapping of rRNA genes, core histone genes and telomeric sequences in Brachidontes puniceus and Brachidontes rodriguezi (Bivalvia, Mytilidae)

BMC Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Pérez-García ◽  
Jorge Guerra-Varela ◽  
Paloma Morán ◽  
Juan J Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Telomeric Sequences

scholarly journals The human canonical core histone catalogue

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Miguel Susano Pinto ◽  
Andrew Flaus
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Histone Proteins ◽  
Protein Diversity

AbstractCore histone proteins H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are encoded by a large family of genes distributed across the human genome. Canonical core histones contribute the majority of proteins to bulk chromatin packaging, and are encoded in 4 clusters by 65 coding genes comprising 17 for H2A, 18 for H2B, 15 for H3, and 15 for H4, along with at least 17 total pseudogenes. The canonical core histone genes display coding variation that gives rise to 11 H2A, 15 H2B, 4 H3, and 2 H4 unique protein isoforms. Although histone proteins are highly conserved overall, these isoforms represent a surprising and seldom recognised variation with amino acid identity as low as 77% between canonical histone proteins of the same type. The gene sequence and protein isoform diversity also exceeds commonly used subtype designations such as H2A.1 and H3.1, and exists in parallel with the well-known specialisation of variant histone proteins. RNA sequencing of histone transcripts shows evidence for differential expression of histone genes but the functional significance of this variation has not yet been investigated. To assist understanding of the implications of histone gene and protein diversity we have catalogued the entire human canonical core histone gene and protein complement. In order to organise this information in a robust, accessible, and accurate form, we applied software build automation tools to dynamically generate the canonical core histone repertoire based on current genome annotations and then to organise the information into a manuscript format. Automatically generated values are shown with a light grey background. Alongside recognition of the encoded protein diversity, this has led to multiple corrections to human histone annotations, reflecting the flux of the human genome as it is updated and enriched in reference databases. This dynamic manuscript approach is inspired by the aims of reproducible research and can be readily adapted to other gene families.

Evolution of histone gene loci in chironomid midges

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hankeln ◽  
Hans-Günther Keyl ◽  
Ralf Ross ◽  
Erwin R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Chironomid Species ◽  
Chironomid Midges ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Chromosome Maps

In the present study we have localized the histone genes in the chromosomes of 16 different Chironomus species as well as in Prodiamesa olivacea, Glyptotendipes barbipes, and Acricotopus lucidus. In the genus of Chironomus we find four, five, or six different "major" chromosomal loci hybridizing with a histone gene cluster probe isolated from the genome of Chironomus thummi. These major histone gene loci probably contain clustered histone gene repeating units ("clustered" loci). They are located on one and the same chromosome arm in all but one of the species investigated. This shows that the histone gene clusters are rather conservative in their location over a long period of evolution. The comparison of the histone loci pattern from the chromosomes of the different chironomid species shows that there is good agreement with previously established chromosome maps and phylogenetic studies based on the chromosomal banding pattern. Stringent in situ hybridization with various histone gene containing clones suggest that the "clustered" histone gene loci are organized in a locus-specific way. In addition to the linked "clustered" histone gene loci, we found an isolated histone gene group ("orphon") present on chromosome IV in most Chironomus species. This gene group might be organized differently from the histone gene repeating unit described previously.Key words: histone genes, Chironomus, in situ hybridization, transposition, orphon.

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of a core histone gene tandem repeat in Urechis caupo.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4425-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Ingham ◽  
F C Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
H1 Histone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Histone Mrnas ◽  
Urechis Caupo

A Urechis caupo histone gene tandem repeat has been isolated from a 5.0-kilobase EcoRI genomic library in lambda gtWES.lambda B. Genomic reconstruction experiments indicate that the cloned sequence is repeated approximately 100 times per haploid genome. Unique restriction fragments from the cloned sequence hybridize with individual core histone genes from a histone gene tandem repeat of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. No hybridization is detected when restriction digests are probed with a sea urchin H1 histone gene. Hybrid selection and in vitro translation of embryo mRNAs demonstrate that the clone contains sequences complementary to all four core histones; however, no H1 histone is detected among the translation products. Based on a restriction site map of the clone and the subcloned sequences which hybridize to the histone mRNAs, the order of the core histone genes in the clone is shown to be H3 H2A H2B H4. S1 nuclease hybrid protection mapping is used to locate the coding regions and to determine the transcript lengths of the core histone mRNAs. The transcript lengths of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 mRNAs are approximately 464, 438, 494, and 397 bases, respectively. The S1 nuclease mapping also demonstrates that H2A and H4 are transcribed from one DNA strand while H2B and H3 are transcribed from the other strand. In the tandem repeat, the genes are organized so that transcription of the H2A-H2B and H3-H4 gene pairs is divergent.

Mytilus edulis Core Histone Genes Are Organized in Two Clusters Devoid of Linker Histone Genes

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Albig ◽  
Ursula Warthorst ◽  
Birgit Drabent ◽  
Eva Prats ◽  
Luis Cornudella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Histone Genes

scholarly journals Global Regulation by the Yeast Spt10 Protein Is Mediated through Chromatin Structure and the Histone Upstream Activating Sequence Elements

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 9127-9137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Eriksson ◽  
Geetu Mendiratta ◽  
Neil B. McLaughlin ◽  
Tyra G. Wolfsberg ◽  
Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Histone Gene ◽  
Core Histone ◽  
Yeast Genome ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Upstream Activating Sequence ◽  
Sequence Elements

ABSTRACT The yeast SPT10 gene encodes a putative histone acetyltransferase (HAT) implicated as a global transcription regulator acting through basal promoters. Here we address the mechanism of this global regulation. Although microarray analysis confirmed that Spt10p is a global regulator, Spt10p was not detected at any of the most strongly affected genes in vivo. In contrast, the presence of Spt10p at the core histone gene promoters in vivo was confirmed. Since Spt10p activates the core histone genes, a shortage of histones could occur in spt10Δ cells, resulting in defective chromatin structure and a consequent activation of basal promoters. Consistent with this hypothesis, the spt10Δ phenotype can be rescued by extra copies of the histone genes and chromatin is poorly assembled in spt10Δ cells, as shown by irregular nucleosome spacing and reduced negative supercoiling of the endogenous 2μm plasmid. Furthermore, Spt10p binds specifically and highly cooperatively to pairs of upstream activating sequence elements in the core histone promoters [consensus sequence, (G/A)TTCCN6TTCNC], consistent with a direct role in histone gene regulation. No other high-affinity sites are predicted in the yeast genome. Thus, Spt10p is a sequence-specific activator of the histone genes, possessing a DNA-binding domain fused to a likely HAT domain.

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